{"id":25454,"date":"2025-04-05T14:26:57","date_gmt":"2025-04-05T14:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=25454"},"modified":"2025-07-04T08:28:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T08:28:28","slug":"g-85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/archives\/25454","title":{"rendered":"Malcolm X"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00a0<\/h1><\/div>
15 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Malcolm X<\/strong>
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641
\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 – \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.

Trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, Malcolm X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u1ea4n. Khi anh s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i, cha anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1n qua anh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh ch\u1ebft. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh Malcolm X b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea5u \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Malcolm X \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Malcolm X v\u00e0 t\u00e1m anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i n\u1ed7i cay \u0111\u1eafng khi m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cha l\u1eabn m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau.

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Malcolm X ghi danh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en duy nh\u1ea5t. Anh th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 anh, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd suy s\u1ee5p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u anh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi anh mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi anh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, t\u1eeb b\u1ed3i b\u00e0n trong nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e0y trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00eam, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0169 c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. R\u1ed3i anh b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, n\u00ean anh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c. Anh coi c\u1edd b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh sa v\u00e0o ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u00fang, r\u1ed3i \u0103n c\u1eafp nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 xe h\u01a1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi anh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t tu\u1ed5i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi anh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean \u00e1n anh m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u00f9 giam, trong khi m\u1ee9c \u00e1n t\u00f9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u0103m n\u0103m.

Trong t\u00f9, Malcolm X \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, qua \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637!!.. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645.. \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646.

Malcolm X thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c, trong khi h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban t\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o... t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.

Malcolm X ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y.

\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0632) .

Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.

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