{"id":21955,"date":"2025-03-27T12:13:13","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21955"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:08:24","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:08:24","slug":"gfhg-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/archives\/21955","title":{"rendered":"Saif al-Din Qutuz"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2019<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Saif al-Din Qutuz<\/strong>
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\u00a0<\/h1>

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean b\u1ed9 phim "Wa Islamah" \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Qutuz v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Ai C\u1eadp t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.
\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Al-Aqsa tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01a1 l\u00e0.

Qutuz<\/strong>

\u00d4ng l\u00e0 Vua Al-Muzaffar Saif al-Din Qutuz bin Abdullah al-Mu'izzi, Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Mamluk c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Mamluk, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Tr\u1eadn Ain Jalut, v\u00e0 truy \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Levant.

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Qutuz sinh ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o trong \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khwarazmian. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 Mahmud ibn Mamdud, ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Jalal ad-Din Khwarazm Shah. \u00d4ng sinh ra t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Khwarazm Shah, c\u00f3 cha t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mamdud v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Vua Jalal ad-Din ibn Khwarazm Shah. \u00d4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Khwarazm Shah v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, vua Tatar, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Najm ad-Din l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khwarazmian v\u00e0o n\u0103m 628 AH \/ 1231 SCN, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Damascus v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u1ee3 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Qutuz. Qutuz v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb mua b\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay Izz ad-Din Aybak, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mamluk c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ayyubid \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp.
Shams ad-Din al-Jazari thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Sayf ad-Din Qutuz: \u201cKhi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Musa ibn Ghanim al-Maqdisi \u1edf Damascus, ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 cha v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho Ibn al-Zaim al-Farrash xoa d\u1ecbu \u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho \u00f4ng \u0103n. Al-Farrash thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mang th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng: 'T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e1t?' Qutuz tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: 'T\u00f4i kh\u00f3c v\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c cha v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n anh ta.' T\u00f4i n\u00f3i: 'Cha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ai? M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o?' Anh ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: 'L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Mahmud ibn Mamdud, ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a Khwarazm Shah, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua.' V\u00ec v\u1eady, anh ta im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xoa d\u1ecbu anh ta. " \u00d4ng c\u0169ng k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o tin m\u1eebng r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd cai tr\u1ecb Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u00f4ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, Qutuz, c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb Ai C\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh cho Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.
Qutuz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u r\u1eadm, m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Nh\u00e0 Ti\u00ean Tri, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai n\u00e0o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa.

Quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Vua Izz ad-Din Aybak b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Qutuz l\u00e0m ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau khi vua al-Mu'izz Izz ad-Din Aybak b\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Shajar ad-Durr \u00e1m s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Shajar ad-Durr b\u1ecb c\u00e1c phi t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Aybak \u00e1m s\u00e1t, Sultan Nur ad-Din Ali ibn Aybak l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 Saif ad-Din Qutuz \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 v\u1ecb Sultan tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i.
S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Nur ad-Din, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Mamluk Bahri v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n sang Levant c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vua Al-Mu'izz Izz ad-Din Aybak. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Mamluk Bahri n\u00e0y, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sanjar al-Halabi, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng ta mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh cai tr\u1ecb sau khi Izz ad-Din Aybak b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec v\u1eady Qutuz bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ecf t\u00f9 \u00f4ng ta. Qutuz c\u0169ng b\u1eaft gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng Mamluk Bahri c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n sang Levant \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vua Al-Muizz. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mamluk Bahri \u0111\u1ebfn Levant, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ayyubid x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ai C\u1eadp, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Mughis al-Din Omar, Emir c\u1ee7a Karak, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ai C\u1eadp. Mughis al-Din th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ai C\u1eadp c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eb7t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0o Ai C\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Dhul-Qi'dah n\u0103m 655 AH \/ 1257 SCN. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Mughis al-Din l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ai C\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng Qutuz l\u1ea1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Rabi' al-Akhir n\u0103m 656 AH \/ 1258 SCN.

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Qutuz Mahmud ibn Mamdud ibn Khwarazm Shah \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng. Qutuz coi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ai C\u1eadp, l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. V\u1ecb vua tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u00edch ch\u1ecdi g\u00e0, ch\u1ecdi c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ef1c, nu\u00f4i chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, c\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u1eeba trong th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v\u00e0 giao du v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo sau b\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n ba n\u0103m, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 Baghdad \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Qutuz, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.
T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t v\u1ecb vua tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i Nur ad-Din Ali v\u00e0 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua Ai C\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng Dhu al-Qi'dah n\u0103m 657 AH \/ 1259 SCN, ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Hulagu \u0111\u1ebfn Aleppo. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Qutuz l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar.
Khi Qutuz l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. S\u00e1u v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb Ai C\u1eadp trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m: Vua al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub, con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Turan Shah, Shajar al-Durr, Vua al-Mu'izz Izz al-Din Aybak, Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Nur al-Din Ali ibn Aybak, v\u00e0 Sayf al-Din Qutuz. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Mamluk th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tranh gi\u00e0nh n\u00f3.
\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u1edf Levant, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.
Qutuz n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp trong khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar.

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tham v\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mamluk b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar. \u00d4ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ea5p cao, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd: "\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ta (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n) l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vua. Khi ch\u00fang ta ra tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i mu\u1ed1n l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n." H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Qutuz c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Baybars, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Qutuz, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Damascus v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef vua al-Nasir Yusuf. Qutuz r\u1ea5t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng Baybars, ban cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ban cho \u00f4ng Qalub v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c xung quanh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong tr\u1eadn Ain Jalut.
\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Levant, v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Al-Mansur, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Hama, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hama c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Qutuz t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Al-Mughith Omar, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Al-Karak, v\u00e0 Badr Al-Din Lu\u2019lu\u2019, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Mosul, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Vua Al-Sa\u2019id Hassan bin Abdul Aziz, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Baniyas, \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Qutuz, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tatar \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.
Qutuz \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00e1p thu\u1ebf l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (fatwa), b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng zakat, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a zakat. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p thu\u1ebf tr\u00ean zakat ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p. Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Sheikh Al-Izz ibn Abd Al-Salam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh fatwa sau: "N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00fap h\u1ecd trang b\u1ecb, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec trong ng\u00e2n kh\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong khi ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb xa x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p."
Qutuz ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Sheikh Al-Izz bin Abdul Salam v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng b\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed l\u00e0m theo. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 Tatar<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Trong khi Qutuz \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Hulagu \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111e d\u1ecda Qutuz: "Nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ban cho ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cai qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Mamluk, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, binh l\u00ednh, quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn binh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cai qu\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai m\u00e0 c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady n\u00ean h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ph\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u1ecb g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb than kh\u00f3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb than v\u00e3n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ea9y tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00f4 u\u1ebf. V\u1eady n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y truy \u0111u\u1ed5i. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o s\u1ebd... che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i? \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i? C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ea5y g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t sao? C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi g\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tay ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nhanh nh\u1eb9n, g\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng, l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t. Ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, qu\u00e1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00f4 nh\u1ee5c: "V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00f4m nay c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eebng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n." [Al-Ahqaf: 20], "V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u sai tr\u00e1i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft [cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng] h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o." [Ash-Shu\u2019ara\u2019: 227] Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, v\u00e0 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 trao quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u1eafm trong tay quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh. \u201cTrong m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady tia l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y danh d\u1ef1 hay vinh quang t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf hay b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh, khi gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tai h\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d
Qutuz tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd xem b\u1ee9c th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. Qutuz n\u00f3i: \u201cTa s\u1ebd \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea1i gh\u00e9t qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta s\u1ebd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111i c\u00f9ng ta, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean c\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.\u201d
C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch khi th\u1ea5y th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ra tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, thay v\u00ec c\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau.
Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 k\u00eau l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3?\u201d
C\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tham gia th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o. Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Sarim al-Din al-Ashrafi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Syria. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, thay v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u1ecd.
Qutuz c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 Hulagu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 treo \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i Al-Raydaniyah \u1edf Cairo. \u00d4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 mang thi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn cho Hulagu. \u00d4ng c\u1eed s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp Ai C\u1eadp k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Allah, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh Al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mamluk ch\u00ednh quy t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i, trong khi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u sau nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn.

Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Hai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ain Jalut \u1edf Palestine v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng Ramadan n\u0103m 658 AH \/ ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1260 SCN. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ra \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, v\u1ed1n \u0111ang g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat lui d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bao v\u00e2y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.
Qutuz \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao ph\u00eda sau chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn, quan s\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t. Qutuz nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh quy cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tatar v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.
Qutuz \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 tinh th\u1ea7n binh l\u00ednh. \u00d4ng n\u00e9m m\u0169 tr\u1ee5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean l\u1eddi h\u00f4 vang l\u1eebng danh: "H\u1ee1i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o!"
Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00ednh Tatar nh\u1eafm m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0o Qutuz, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0ng tr\u00fang v\u00e0o con ng\u1ef1a \u0111ang c\u01b0\u1ee1i, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ebft ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Qutuz xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ef1a cho \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Qutuz t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: "Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2u!!" \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: "Sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia? N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb th\u00f9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t vong v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i."
Qutuz n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft... cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb vua (nh\u01b0 Omar, Othman v\u00e0 Ali). Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra cho H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.\u201d
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 Qutuz truy \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 thanh tr\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Levant ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Levant m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 Damascus \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c. Qutuz tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Levant th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, sau m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m chia c\u1eaft k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Vua Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub b\u0103ng h\u00e0. C\u1ea7u xin Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u00f4ng, Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ai C\u1eadp, Palestine v\u00e0 Levant, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u00f4ng \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n Levant v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 quanh s\u00f4ng Euphrates.
Qutuz b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ayyubid tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xung \u0111\u1ed9t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Levant. Qutuz, c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Qutuz v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.

V\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>


Rukn al-Din Baybars \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft Sultan al-Muzaffar Qutuz v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Dhu al-Qi'dah n\u0103m 658 AH \/ ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1260 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean trong khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ai C\u1eadp. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 Sultan Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi Baybars s\u1ebd trao cho \u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb Aleppo sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Sultan Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Rukn al-Din Baybars. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao cho Baybars quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Aleppo, v\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Baybars tin r\u1eb1ng Sultan Qutuz \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i sultan v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft \u00f4ng. Khi Qutuz tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau khi chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Damascus t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tatar, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mamluk Bahri, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Baybars, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Ai C\u1eadp. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Ai C\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng \u0111i s\u0103n, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111i theo \u00f4ng. Anz al-Isfahani \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7u xin v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 h\u00f4n tay \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Baybars \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thanh ki\u1ebfm, tay v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ecb x\u00e9 to\u1ea1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eafn t\u00ean v\u00e0o \u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Qutuz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Cairo v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Saif ad-Din Qutuz \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ngay khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed sau khi thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn cho vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/strong>
Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0632 \u00a0 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0632 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,184],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21955","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115","8":"category-184"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21955\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}