{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Granada"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Granada

S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Granada \u1edf Andalusia trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.
H\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eebng danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u1edf Andalusia sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
Ch\u00ednh quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef cho Granada tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong su\u1ed1t hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Granada r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 bao v\u00e2y t\u1ee9 ph\u00eda, ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u1ed1t ch\u1eedng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh, ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Granada \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a Andalusia H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 897 AH \/ 1492 SCN.
Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng quanh s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Andalusia. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa hai v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Aragon v\u00e0 Castile. Hai v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Isabella, N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Castile, v\u1edbi Ferdinand, Vua Aragon. Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh hai c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i ho\u00e0ng gia C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00eam t\u00e2n h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Granada, h\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Alhambra v\u00e0 gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean th\u00e1p canh c\u1ee7a Granada. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra trong V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Granada, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Granada h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u00ean kia. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn Granada, do Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ali Abu al-Hasan al-Nasri (v\u1ecb vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Granada) cai tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf Wadi Ash v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, do ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Abu Abdullah Muhammad, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 al-Zaghal, cai tr\u1ecb.
Hai v\u1ecb vua C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Wadi Ash v\u00e0o n\u0103m 894 AH \/ 1489 SCN v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Wadi Ash, Almeria, Basta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Granada.
H\u1ecd g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Abu Abdullah Al-Nasri, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng giao n\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Alhambra ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf Granada d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi ph\u1ed1i, v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf Andalusia, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5 ra gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong hai n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tia s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n: Musa ibn Abi Al-Ghassan.
Nh\u1edd v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7p s\u0129 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, Granada \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Abu Abdullah, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t xa r\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 Granada \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00e0 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ban Nha s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf Andalusia, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha l\u00e0 Ferdinand v\u00e0 Isabella c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Granada sau khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Sultan Abu Abdullah al-Nasri \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 897 AH t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1492 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i Andalusia, v\u00ec th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i sang C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Andalusia. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi Granada th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u1eefa, sau khi ban h\u00e0nh s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh ho\u00e0ng gia t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ban Nha nh\u00e2n danh Philip III v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1018 AH \/ 1609 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u00e0ng gia trong v\u00f2ng 72 gi\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.
Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n sang Maroc v\u00e0 Algeria, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o sang C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.
Khi Abu Abdullah, v\u1ecb vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Granada, l\u00ean t\u00e0u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Granada H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t Andalusia sau t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, Abu Abdullah \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef: "H\u00e3y kh\u00f3c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef cho m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 con \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng."
S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1t \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng!

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi
Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch (Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean) c\u1ee7a Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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