{"id":21858,"date":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21858"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","slug":"fdgshhgs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/vi\/archives\/21858","title":{"rendered":"Li\u1ec7t s\u0129 Youssef Al-Azma"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2014<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Li\u1ec7t s\u0129 Youssef Al-Azma
\u00d4ng l\u00e0 Youssef Bey bin Ibrahim bin Abdul Rahman Al-Azma. \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh danh gi\u00e1 \u1edf Damascus. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o khi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng Syria v\u00e0 Lebanon, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Chi\u1ebfn tranh cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Syria do Vua Faisal I l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o.
S\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y
Th\u00e1nh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Youssef Al-Azmeh sinh n\u0103m 1301 AH \/ 1884 SCN t\u1ea1i khu ph\u1ed1 Al-Shaghour \u1edf Damascus trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng con v\u00e0 danh gi\u00e1. Khi \u00f4ng 6 tu\u1ed5i, cha \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00ean anh trai Aziz \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00f4ng.
Al-Azmeh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Damascus \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Rushdieh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1893 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ef1 b\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1897 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. N\u0103m 1900 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Istanbul. N\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Cao c\u1ea5p (Harbiya \u015eahane), n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n h\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu \u00fay v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng qu\u00e2n h\u00e0m Thi\u1ebfu \u00fay v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1905 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean qu\u00e2n h\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fay v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tham m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Istanbul. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1909 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tham m\u01b0u Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Cao c\u1ea5p trong hai n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Istanbul v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m t\u00f9y vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Cao \u1ee7y Ottoman \u1edf Cairo.
Al-Azma tham gia Chi\u1ebfn tranh Balkan n\u0103m 1912, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1917, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd cho Enver Pasha, T\u1ed5ng Thanh tra Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ottoman. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 1, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 eo bi\u1ec3n Dardanelles cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Sau hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn, Al-Azma \u1edf l\u1ea1i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nghe tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Damascus. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a con duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.
B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Chi\u1ebfn tranh
Sau khi gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Faisal, Al-Azmeh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m s\u0129 quan li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Beirut, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ecfi Beirut v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng h\u00e0m Chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u1edbng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Hashim al-Atassi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1920, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch B\u1ed9 Chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp non tr\u1ebb. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t binh \u1edf Damascus \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.
Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y
Youssef Al-Azmeh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea9m sinh, tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eafng hay thua. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n Syria v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd thua, v\u00ec \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 vinh d\u1ef1 h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o v\u00e0 di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi v\u1ebb ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n.
S\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mu\u1ed1n Syria
Khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Versailles ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Sykes-Picot, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud, Cao \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho Vua Faisal. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Faisal nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 t\u1eeb T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Syria, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, giao n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cho Ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vua Faisal v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn cho T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud, v\u00e0 Faisal ra l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Chi\u1ebfn tranh Yusuf al-Azma ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng "qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ngay c\u1ea3 khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3".
Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1
Trong khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111ang r\u00fat lui, gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Vua Faisal, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud. Khi T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Faisal ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tay \u00f4ng sau khi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Maysalun \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Faisal m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Syria th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 lao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, s\u00fang l\u1ee5c, ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 s\u00fang cao su, \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n m\u00e0 Al-Azma \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0. Yusuf Al-Azma ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00e9p Vua Faisal cho ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn.
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 9.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do T\u01b0\u1edbng Goubet, ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1147 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 8.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe t\u0103ng, m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng, do Yusuf al-Azma ch\u1ec9 huy.
Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Maysalun
Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1920, Al-Azma n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Maysalun. \u00d4ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111ang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7-t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u1edf trung t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (trung t\u00e2m), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hai b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn (c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i), b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecn t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y...
Al-Azma chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Sau khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 24, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0a.
\u0110\u1ebfn ch\u00edn gi\u1edd, tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi ph\u00e1o binh Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u00e1o binh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, v\u00e0 xe t\u0103ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u1edf trung t\u00e2m ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7. Al-Azma d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00ecn ch\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u0103ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean \u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft!
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp.
S\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng
Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, sau khi h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1n, Al-Azma \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o \u1ea2 R\u1eadp b\u1eafn nhanh. \u00d4ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho Trung s\u0129 Sadin Al-Madfa\u2019 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe t\u0103ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o Al-Azma, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 trung s\u0129 ph\u00e1o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng linh h\u1ed3n trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u00fac 10:30 s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1920. Al-Azma \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o trong Tr\u1eadn Al-Karamah, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh d\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.
Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac sau khi 400 binh l\u00ednh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, so v\u1edbi 42 l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 154 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng.
Al-Azma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Maysalun cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed cho s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp Syria.
Khi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, T\u01b0\u1edbng Gouraud \u0111\u1ebfn Damascus v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1920 SCN \/ 1338 AH. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0m sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng Saladin al-Ayyubi, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng m\u1ec9a mai v\u00e0 h\u1ea3 h\u00ea: "H\u1ee1i Saladin, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u1eady m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf Syria!"

Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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