{"id":21952,"date":"2025-03-27T12:10:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21952"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:10:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:10:04","slug":"fdsgfsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/archives\/21952","title":{"rendered":"Vodi al-Maxazin jangi yoki Uch podshoh jangi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21952\" class=\"elementor elementor-21952\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fc04bba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6fc04bba\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2707fccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2707fccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">2019 yil 4 mart<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Ushbu post uchun qilinadigan harakatlar\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\">Men Maltada ekanligimni bilaman, lekin o\u2018z burchimni bajarib, ajdodlarimizning qahramonligini targ\u2018ib qilyapman. Umid qilamanki, bir kun kelib ularni o\u2018qib, taqlid qilib, nima uchun borlig\u2018imiz xor va sharmandalik holatiga yetganimizni bilib olasiz.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Bilaman, minglab do&#039;stlar va izdoshlar orasida men bu xabarlarni o&#039;qigan o&#039;n yoki yigirmatasini topaman.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Vodi al-Maxazin jangi yoki Uch podshoh jangi<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Vodi al-Maxazin jangi, ya\u2019ni \u201cUch podshohlar jangi\u201d nomi bilan ham mashhur bo\u2018lib, Marokash va Portugaliya o\u2018rtasida hijriy 986-yilning 30-jumada ul-axirasida (milodiy 1578-yil 4-avgust) bo\u2018lib o\u2018tgan. Portugallar Shimoliy Afrika qirg&#039;oqlarini bosib olish, bu hududlarda islomni asta-sekin yo&#039;q qilish va ularni xristianlar hukmronligi ostiga olish uchun ushbu jangga kirishishga turtki bo&#039;lgan. Ular, shuningdek, savdo yo&#039;llari, xususan, Gibraltar bo&#039;g&#039;ozini nazorat qilish orqali O&#039;rta er dengiziga kirish ustidan nazoratni kuchaytirishga harakat qilishdi. Bu bilan ular Ispaniyaning u yerdagi islomiy mavjudligiga qarshi olib borgan Rekonkista tajribasidan ilhom olishga va Sa\u2019diylar sulolasining Usmonlilar qo\u2018llab-quvvatlashi bilan Andalusiyaga hujumini takrorlashiga yo\u2018l qo\u2018ymaslikka harakat qildilar. Bu jangning natijasi Marokashning g\u2018alabasi bilan yakunlandi, Portugaliya esa o\u2018z qirolini, armiyasini va ko\u2018plab davlat arboblarini yo\u2018qotdi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jang sababi<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sebastyan Portugaliya imperiyasi taxtiga milodiy 1557 yilda o\u2018tirdi. O&#039;sha paytda Portugaliyaning ta&#039;siri Afrika, Osiyo va Amerika qirg&#039;oqlariga tarqaldi. U Shimoliy Afrikani musulmonlar qo&#039;lidan tortib olishga intilgan. U amakisi Ispaniya qiroli Filipp II bilan bog\u2018lanib, Sa\u2019diylar sulolasining Usmonlilar yordamida Andalusiyaga hujumini takrorlashiga yo\u2018l qo\u2018ymaslik uchun uni Mag\u2018ribga qarshi yangi salib yurishida qatnashishga taklif qiladi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Marokashning Sa&#039;diy Sharif hukmdorlari Muhammad ibn an-Nafs az-Zakiyyaning avlodlari bo&#039;lib, Payg&#039;ambar alayhissalom xonadonlaridandirlar. Almoraviylar davlatidan keyin Almohodlar davlati, keyin Marinidlar davlati, keyin Vattas davlati, keyin Sa\u2019diy Sharif davlati vujudga keldi. U hijriy 923 \/ milodiy 1517 yilda portugallarga qarshi kurash asosida tashkil etilgan. Bu oila bir necha yurishlarda ispanlar tomonidan bosib olingan Atlantika okeaniga qaragan ko&#039;plab Marokash qirg&#039;oqlarini ozod qilishga muvaffaq bo&#039;ldi. U 931\/1525-yilda Marrakeshga, so\u02bbngra 961-milodiy\/1554-yilda Fesga kirishga muvaffaq bo\u02bblgan. Bu hijriy 1011 \/ milodiy 1603 yilgacha davom etgan davlatning barpo etilishining boshlanishi edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sa\u2019diylar sulolasining hukmdori Abdulloh al-G\u2018olib as-Sa\u2019diy vafot etgach, uning o\u2018g\u2018li Muhammad al-Mutavakkil hijriy 981 \/ milodiy 1574 yilda hokimiyatni egalladi. U o\u2018zining shafqatsizligi va noto\u2018g\u2018ri harakatlari bilan mashhur bo\u2018lgan, shuning uchun amakilari Abdulmalik va Ahmad unga qarshi chiqib, Jazoirda hozir bo\u2018lgan Usmonlilardan yordam so\u2018raganlar. Usmonlilar ularga yordam berdilar va ular hijriy 983 \/ milodiy 1576 yilgi ikki jangda al-Mutavakkilni mag&#039;lub etishga muvaffaq bo&#039;ldilar. Abd al-Malik Sa\u2019diylar sulolasining poytaxti Fez shahriga kirib, o\u2018zi uchun bay\u2019at olishga muvaffaq bo\u2018ldi va arablar, berberlar, turk va andalusiya unsurlarini o\u2018z ichiga olgan kuchli qo\u2018shin tashkil qila boshladi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Al-Mutavakkilning amakilari Abd al-Malik va Ahmaddan yutqazgani uni status-kvoni qabul qilmadi, shuning uchun u Portugaliya sohillariga safar qildi va unga Atlantika okeanidagi Marokash qirg&#039;oqlarini berish evaziga o&#039;z qirolligini qaytarib olishda yordam so&#039;rab Portugaliya qiroli Don Sebastyandan yordam so&#039;radi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Salibchilar ittifoqi<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Portugaliyaning yosh qiroli otasi hukmronligi davrida Portugaliya taxtini qiynagan zaiflik va beparvolikni yo&#039;q qilmoqchi edi. U ham Yevropa qirollari orasida o\u2018z mavqeini ko\u2018tarmoqchi edi. Al-Mutavakkil Marokashning barcha qirg&#039;oqlarini unga berib qo&#039;yish evaziga o&#039;zining ko&#039;r tarafdorlari va o&#039;z xalqiga qarshi yordam so&#039;raganda, unga imkoniyat keldi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sebastyan amakisi, Ispaniya qirolidan yordam so&#039;radi, u Larache shahrini nazorat qilish uchun uni etarli darajada kemalar va qo&#039;shinlar bilan ta&#039;minlashga va&#039;da berdi, chunki u Marokashdagi boshqa barcha portlar kabi qimmatga tushishiga ishondi. Keyin uni yigirma ming ispan askari bilan ta\u02bcminladi. Sebastyan allaqachon u bilan birga o&#039;n ikki ming portugal qo&#039;shinini safarbar qilgan edi va italiyaliklar unga uch ming va shunga o&#039;xshash sonni Germaniyadan va boshqa ko&#039;plab odamlardan jo&#039;natdilar. Papa unga yana to&#039;rt ming kishini, o&#039;n besh yuz ot va o&#039;n ikki to&#039;pni yubordi. Sebastyan bu kuchlarni Marokash chegarasiga olib borish uchun mingga yaqin kema to\u2018plagan edi. Ispaniya qiroli jiyanini Marokashga kirib borish oqibatlari haqida ogohlantirgan edi, lekin u ularga e&#039;tibor bermadi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Jazoirdagi Usmonli razvedkasi Al-Mutavakkil bilan portugallar o&#039;rtasidagi bu aloqalarni kuzatib borishga muvaffaq bo&#039;ldi va Jazoir amirlari amiri Hasan Posho bu borada Usmonli sultoniga muhim xabar yubordi. Istanbuldagi Usmonlilar Evropada sodir bo&#039;layotgan voqealardan xabardor edilar, chunki ular Rim papasi va Frantsiya gertsogi bir necha oy davomida Portugaliyaga Marokash qirg&#039;oqlarini bosib olishda yordam berish uchun askarlar to&#039;plash va kemalarni tayyorlash va ularni jangchilar bilan yuklash maqsadida olib borgan aloqalari haqida ma&#039;lumotga ega edilar. Usmonli razvedkasi Portugaliya qiroli Sebastyan va uning amakisi Ispaniya qiroli Filipp II o\u2018rtasidagi aloqalarni kuzatib bordi, biroq ular o\u2018rtasida bo\u2018lib o\u2018tgan kelishuvning haqiqatini aniqlay olmadi. Biroq, ular kuzatgan ma&#039;lumotlar Ispaniya qiroli Portugaliyaga Fes qiroli Abd al-Malik as-Saadiyni tarbiyalashda yordam berish uchun o&#039;n mingga yaqin askar to&#039;plaganini tasdiqladi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sa&#039;diy davlatiga kelsak, uning kemalari Al-Mutavakkil Portugaliyaga yuborgan elchixonani egallab, ularga Atlantika okeanidagi Marokash qirg&#039;oqlarini berish evaziga o&#039;z saltanatini tiklashga yordam berishni so&#039;ragan. Shunday qilib, Sa&#039;diylar harbiy tayyorgarlik, askarlarni safarbar qilish va portugal va ispanlarga qarshi bo&#039;lajak urushda ularning yordamini olish uchun Jazoirdagi Usmonlilar bilan bog&#039;lanish nuqtai nazaridan kelayotgan urushga tayyorgarlik ko&#039;rishni boshladilar.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Ikki qo\u02bbshinning Vodi al-Maxazinga yurishi<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Portugaliya armiyasi: Salibchilar kemalari 1578 yil \/ 986 hijriy yil 24 iyunda Lissabon portidan Marokash tomon suzib ketdi. Ular Lagosda bir necha kun qolishdi, keyin Kadizga yo&#039;l olishdi va to&#039;liq bir hafta qolishdi. Keyin ular Sebastyan o&#039;zining ittifoqchisi Al-Mutavakkil bilan uchrashgan Tanjerga qo&#039;nishdi. Keyin kemalar Asilah tomon yo&#039;lda davom etdi, u erda Sebastyan bir kun Tanjerda qoldi, so&#039;ngra uning qo&#039;shiniga qo&#039;shildi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Marokash armiyasi: Butun Marokash bo\u2018ylab hayqiriq: \u201cAlloh yo\u2018lida jang qilish uchun Vodi al-Maxazinga boringlar\u201d edi. Odamlar g&#039;alaba yoki shahid bo&#039;lishga ishtiyoq bilan to&#039;planishdi. Abd al-Malik Marrakeshdan Sebastyanga shunday deb yozgan edi: &quot;Sening qudrating sizning yurtingizdan chiqib ketishingizda va dushmanni kesib o&#039;tishda ayon bo&#039;ldi. Agar biz sizga hujum qilmagunimizcha sabr qilsangiz, siz haqiqiy va jasur nasroniysiz. Aks holda siz Kalb ibn Kalbsiz&quot;. Xatni olgach, jahli chiqib, hamrohlari bilan maslahatlashdi. Ular unga Tatauin, Larache va Ksarni oldinga siljitishni va egallab olishni va ularning jihozlari va garnizonlarini yig&#039;ishni maslahat berishdi. Sebastyan odamlarining maslahatiga qaramay ikkilanib qoldi. Abd al-Malik ukasi Ahmadga xat yozib, Fez va uning atrofidagi askarlari bilan birga chiqib, jangga tayyorgarlik ko\u2018rsin. Shunday qilib, Marrakesh va janubiy Marokash aholisi Abd al-Malik boshchiligida, uning ukasi Ahmad esa Fez va uning atrofidagi xalqlar bilan yurish qildi. Uchrashuv Ksar al-Kebir tumani yaqinida sodir bo&#039;ldi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Ikkala tomonning kuchlari<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Portugal armiyasi: 125 000 jangchi va ularning zarur jihozlari va ularning soni haqida eng kam aytilganlar sakson ming edi va ular orasida 20 000 ispanlar, 3 000 nemislar, 7 000 italiyaliklar, minglab otlar va qirqdan ortiq to&#039;plar bor edi. 3000 va ko&#039;pi bilan 6000.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Marokash armiyasi: Abd al-Malik al-Mu&#039;tasim Billah boshchiligidagi musulmon marokashliklar 40 000 jangchidan iborat edi. Ularning otliq qo\u2018shinlari va bor-yo\u2018g\u2018i 34 ta to\u2018plari bor edi, biroq ularning ruhi baland edi, chunki ular avvalroq portugallarni mag\u2018lub etib, o\u2018z hududlari ustidan nazoratni qo\u2018lga kiritgan edi. Ular jang natijasi o\u2018z yurtlarining taqdirini hal qilishini, shuningdek, xalq kuchlari jang maydonida bo\u2018lgani va shayx va ulamolar ishtirokida ma\u2019naviyatni yuksaltirish va yuksaltirishga ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatganini bilardilar.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jangdan oldin<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Portugaliyaliklar Marokash plyajlarida piknikga ketyapmiz deb o&#039;ylashdi va ular bu ishni juda yengil qabul qilishdi. Ular oson g&#039;alabaga ishonchlari komil ediki, Fes va Marrakeshdagi buyuk Marokash masjidlariga osib qo&#039;yish uchun xochlar tayyorlandi. Hatto mashhur Qaraviyyin masjidining qiblasini cherkov mehrobiga aylantirish rejalashtirilgan edi. Ba&#039;zi yuqori tabaqadagi portugaliyalik ayollar jangga guvoh bo&#039;lish uchun armiyaga hamroh bo&#039;lishni xohlashdi, ba&#039;zi portugaliyaliklar esa xuddi poyga yoki festivalda qatnashayotgandek ko&#039;zni qamashtiruvchi, bezakli liboslar kiyib olishdi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Portugaliya va ispan kemalari hijriy 986-yil 19-Rabi\u2019at-Taniy oyining 19-kuni \/ milodiy 24-iyun 1578-yilda Lissabon portidan suzib chiqib, o\u02bbzlari egallab turgan Asila bandargohi sohiliga kelib qo\u02bbndi. Sebastyan Al-Mutavakkilning qo&#039;shinlari soni juda oz ekanligini ko&#039;rib hayron bo&#039;ldi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sa&#039;diyaliklar o&#039;z rejasini Portugaliya qo&#039;shinlarining Marokash hududiga kirmasdan qirg&#039;oqda qolish muddatini uzaytirishga asosladilar, shunda sa&#039;diyaliklar o&#039;z kuchlarini yig&#039;ib, ularni jangga itarishlari mumkin edi. Keyin sa&#039;diyaliklar Portugaliyani dengiz qirg&#039;og&#039;idagi ta&#039;minot markazlaridan uzoqlashtirish uchun qirg&#039;oqdan chiqib, Marokash cho&#039;l yerlariga kirib borishga vasvasa qilishga urina boshladilar.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Abd al-Malikning rejasi amalga oshdi va u portugal va ispan qo\u2018shinlarini Marokashga olg\u2018a siljitib, Lukos daryosi yaqinidagi Ksar al-Kebir tekisligi yoki Vodi al-Maxazin tekisligi deb nomlangan keng tekislikka yetib bordi. Daryo ustidan vodiyga o\u2018tish uchun faqat bitta ko\u2018prik bor edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Abd al-Malikning jangovar rejasiga ko\u2018ra, portugal qo\u2018shinlari ko\u2018prikdan vodiyga o\u2018tishlari kerak edi, so\u2018ngra Marokash qo\u2018shinlari portugallarning qaytish yo\u2018lini kesish uchun bu ko\u2018prikni portlatib yuboradilar. Bu jang paytida daryoni orqada qoldiradi va portugal askarlariga jang kuchayganda shoshilish uchun boshqa yo&#039;l qolmaydi, ya&#039;ni ular ko&#039;targan temir va zirhlarni hisobga olib, ular suvga cho&#039;kib ketishadi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Ikki qo\u02bbshin bir-biriga to\u02bbp, orqasidan piyoda kamonchilar, qanotlarda esa otliq qo\u02bbshinlar bilan to\u02bbqnash keldi. Musulmon armiyasida zarur vaqtda hujum qiladigan zaxira otliqlar guruhidan tashqari mashhur ko\u2018ngilli kuchlar ham bor edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jang<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>1578 yil 4 avgustga to\u2018g\u2018ri keladigan hijriy 986 yil 30 Jumada ul-axira dushanba kuni ertalab Sulton Abdulmalik o\u2018rnidan turib, qo\u2018shinni jangga chorladi. Ruhoniylar va rohiblar salibchilar askarlarining g\u2018ayratini uyg\u2018otishda kuchlarini ayamadilar, bu urushlarda halok bo\u2018lganlarning ruhlarini gunohlaridan Rim papasi poklaganini eslatdilar.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Har ikki tomondan o\u2018nlab o\u2018qlar otilgani jang boshlanganidan darak berdi. Marrakeshdan Buyuk saroyga ketayotganda kasallikka chalingan Sulton Abdulmalikning sog\u2018lig\u2018i yomonlashganiga qaramay, birinchi hujumni qaytarish uchun o\u2018zi chiqdi, biroq kasallik uni yengib, o\u2018z axlatiga qaytdi. Bir necha daqiqadan so&#039;ng u so&#039;nggi nafasini oldi va ko&#039;rsatkich barmog&#039;ini og&#039;ziga qo&#039;yib vafot etdi, bu g&#039;alabaga erishilgunga qadar bu masalani sir saqlashlari va bezovtalanmasliklari kerakligini ko&#039;rsatdi. Va shunday bo&#039;ldi, chunki uning o&#039;limi haqida uning akasi va ukasi Ahmad Al-Mansurdan boshqa hech kim bilmas edi. Uning palatasi askarlarga gapira boshladi: \u201cSulton falonchiga falon yerga borishni, falonchiga bayroqni mahkam tutishni, falonchi olg\u2018a yurishni, falonchiga chekinishni buyuradi\u201d. Boshqa bir rivoyatda Al-Mutavakkil amakisi Abdulmalikni jangda halok bo\u2018lishi va Marokash qarorgohida nizo kelib chiqishi uchun to\u2018qnashuv oldidan zaharlab yuborgan.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Ahmad Al-Mansur qo&#039;shinning avangardini portugaliyaliklarning orqa gvardiyasiga qarshi olib, ularning poroxiga o&#039;t qo&#039;ydi. Hujum to&#039;lqini ularning kamonchilarni ham nishonga oldi, ammo portugallar zarba kuchidan o&#039;zlarini tiklay olishmadi. Portugallar jang maydonidan qochib, qirg\u2018oqqa qaytishga harakat qilishdi, ammo ular Vodi al-Maxazin ko\u2018prigi portlatib yuborilganini aniqladilar. Askarlar, jumladan Sebastyan ham o&#039;zlarini suvga tashladilar va u va uning ko&#039;plab askarlari cho&#039;kib ketishdi. Qolganlari jang maydonida o&#039;ldirilgan yoki asirga olingan. Omon qolgan va dengizga chiqqan qolganlarga kelsak, Jazoir hukmdori Hasan Posho va uning sarkardasi Rais Sinan kemalarini tutib, ko\u2018p qismini qo\u2018lga olishga muvaffaq bo\u2018ldilar; 500 kishi qo&#039;lga olindi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Xoin Al-Mutavakkil shimolga qochishga urindi, lekin u Vodi al-Maxazin daryosiga cho&#039;kib ketdi. Uning jasadi suv ustida suzayotgan holda topilgan, shuning uchun uning terisi solingan, somon bilan to&#039;ldirilgan va Marokash bo&#039;ylab parchalanib, parchalanib ketgunga qadar aylanib yurgan.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Jang to\u2018rt yarim soat davom etdi va g\u2018alaba tasodif emas, balki yuksak ma\u2019naviyat, mas\u2019uliyat hissi, puxta o\u2018ylangan, puxta reja asosida amalga oshirilgani natijasi bo\u2018ldi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jang natijasi<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Jang natijasi islom tarixidagi o&#039;lmas g&#039;alaba va uchta shohning o&#039;limi bo&#039;ldi: mag&#039;lubiyatga uchragan salibchilar, o&#039;sha paytda er yuzidagi eng buyuk imperiyaning shohi Sebastyan; cho&#039;kib ketgan, terisi bo&#039;lgan xoin Muhammad al-Mutavakkil; va qahramon shahid Abd al-Malik al-Mo&#039;tasimning ruhi jo&#039;nab ketdi. Uning sadoqati, donoligi, jasorati va jasurligi bilan tarix abadiy faxrlanadi. O&#039;sha soatlarda Portugaliya o&#039;z qirolini, armiyasini va davlat arboblarini yo&#039;qotdi. Qirol oilasining faqat bitta a&#039;zosi qolgan. Ispaniyalik Filipp II fursatdan foydalanib, hijriy 988 \/ milodiy 1580 yilda Portugaliyani o&#039;z taxtiga qo&#039;shib oldi. Ahmad al-Mansur Fezdagi Sa\u2019diy taxtini meros qilib oldi va Usmonli sultoniga elchixona yuborib, o\u2018z davlatini Usmonli xalifaligiga qo\u2018shishni taklif qildi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>G&#039;alaba sabablari<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>1- Musulmonlarning Granadaning qulashi, Andalusiyaning yo&#039;qolishi va inkvizitsiya azoblari hali bitmagan yaralardir va ular oldida mavjuddir.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>2- Puxta rejalashtirilgan reja, dushmanni otlar aylanib yuradigan va hujum qiladigan dalaga jalb qilish, uning ta&#039;minot yo&#039;llarini kesib tashlash va keyin Vodi al-Maxazin daryosi ustidagi yagona ko&#039;prikni portlatish.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>3- Ulamo va shayxlar boshchiligidagi xalq kuchlarining g\u2018alabaga erishish yo\u2018lida iymon-e\u2019tiqodga to\u2018la, shahidlik ishqi, ko\u2018tarinki ruhli kuchlarning samarali ishtiroki, ba\u2019zilari o\u2018roq va tayoq bilan jang qilishlari.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>4- Marokash artilleriyasi nishonga olish va aniqlik mahorati bilan Portugaliya armiyasining artilleriyasidan ustun edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>5- Musulmonlarning otlari nasroniylarga qaraganda ko&#039;proq edi va Sulton jang uchun tanlagan tekislik ularga mos edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>6- Sebastyan bir tomonda, uning maslahatchilari va kattalar boshqa tomonda edi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Nega biz buyuk edik<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Tamer Badr kitobi (Unutilmas kunlar... Islom tarixidan muhim sahifalar).\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 \u00a0 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21952","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}