{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/uz\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"Granadaning qulashi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019 yil 28 fevral<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Granadaning qulashi

Andalusiyada Granada Islom Qirolligining ikki asr davomida saqlanib qolishi Islomning mo\u2018jizasi edi.
Tarixiy nafrat va hiyla-nayrangga to'lib-toshgan salib yurishlarining notinch dengizi ustida suzib yurgan bu islom oroli o'zining mashhur sobitligini saqlab qola olmas edi, chunki sabr-toqatning tabiati Islom e'tiqodi va tamoyillaridadir. Islomiy e'tiqodsiz bu orol ikki asr oldin barcha islomiy shahar va qal'alar qulagandan keyin Andalusiyada o'zini tuta olmas edi.
Granadani ikki asr davomida islomiy tafakkur va madaniy yuksalish bilan to'la va to'liq saqlab qolgan bu chaqiruvga javob berish qonuni edi. Granadanliklarning o\u2018zlarini har tarafdan o\u2018rab olgan dushmanga duch kelganliklari, ularni yutib yuborish fursati kutayotganliklari, islom olamidan g\u2018alaba olib kelishdan umidlari yo\u2018qligi, o\u2018zlariga bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lishlari, bu tuyg\u2018u ularning doimiy tayyorgarlik ko\u2018rishlari, jihod bayrog\u2018ini baland ko\u2018tarishlari va islom diniga amal qilishlari uchun eng katta turtki edi.
Shunday qilib, Granada hijriy 897 \/ milodiy 1492 yilgacha islom Andalusiya xonimi, ilm-fan chirog'i va Yevropada qolgan islom sivilizatsiyasining alangasi bo'lib qolishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.
Biroq, kuz atrofidagi yillar Andalusiya hayotining rivojlanishiga guvoh bo'ldi. Xristianlik darajasida Islomga dushman bo'lgan ikki yirik nasroniy shohliklari, ya'ni Aragon va Kastiliya qirolliklari o'rtasida buyuk ittifoq boshlandi. Ikkalasi Kastiliya qirolichasi Izabellaning Aragon qiroli Ferdinandga uylanishi bilan yakunlangan ittifoqda birlashdilar. Ikki katolik qirollik er-xotinning to'y kechasida hayajonga tushgan orzusi Granadaga kirish, asal oyini Algambrada o'tkazish va Granada qo'riqchi minorasi ustidan xochni ko'tarish edi. Islom darajasida Granada Qirolligida, ayniqsa hukmron oila a'zolari o'rtasida katta nizo kelib chiqdi. Cheklangan Granada Qirolligi ikki qismga bo'linib, har biri bir-biriga tahdid solib, uning yo'lida turdi. Bir qismi Abu Abdulloh Muhammad Ali Abu al-Hasan an-Nasriy (Granadaning so\u02bbnggi qiroli) boshqargan yirik poytaxt Granadada, ikkinchi qismi esa al-Zag\u02bbal nomi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan amakisi Abu Abdulloh Muhammad boshqargan Vodi Ash va uning chekkasida edi.
Ikki katolik shohlari Vadi Ashga hujumni hijriy 894 \/ milodiy 1489 yilda boshladilar va Vadi Ash, Almeriya, Basta va boshqalarni egallab olishga muvaffaq bo'ldilar, shuning uchun ular Granada shahrining chekkasida edilar.
Ular Sulton Abu Abdulloh an-Nasriyga xabar yuborib, gullab-yashnayotgan Alhambra shahrini topshirishni va Granadada uning himoyasi ostida tirik qolishini so'radilar. Tarixga mingan podshohlar odatiga ko'ra, bu podshoh zaif edi va o'sha kunni hisobga olmadi. U bu talab Andalusiyadagi oxirgi islom podshohliklari uchun taslim bo'lishni anglatishini bilar edi, shuning uchun u iltimosni rad etdi. Musulmonlar va nasroniylar o'rtasida urush boshlanib, ikki yil davom etdi. Uni quyosh botishidan oldin quyosh nuriday ko'rinadigan islomiy ritsar Muso ibn Abu al-G'asson boshqargan va jangchilar qalbidagi g'ayratni yoqib yuborgan.
Bu ritsar va unga o\u2018xshaganlar tufayli Granada ikki yil davomida katolik qirollariga qarshi turdi va yetti oy davomida ularning qamaliga chidadi. Biroq, mojaroning tugashiga hech qanday shubha yo'q edi. Abu Abdullohning saltanati erkaklar tomonidan saqlanib qolmagan, qirollikdagi oilaviy bo'linish va ichki nizolar, nasroniy jabhasidagi to'liq birlikdan farqli o'laroq, uzoq tarixdagi yo'qotish, islomgacha bo'lgan millatchilik va islomdan uzoqda bo'lgan to'qnashuvlar, Granada yashagan va ispan qirolligidan meros qolgan narsadan meros bo'lib qolgan.
Bu omillarning barchasi Andalusiyadagi so\u2018nggi islom shamini o\u2018chirishga xizmat qildi, toki ispan qirollari Ferdinand va Izabella Granada sulton Abu Abdulloh an-Nasriy tomonidan hijriy 897 yilda taslim bo\u2018lganidan so\u2018ng, 1492 yil 2 yanvarga to\u2018g\u2018ri kelgunicha uni qo\u2018lga kirita oldi. Taslim bo\u2018lish to\u2018g\u2018risidagi bitim musulmonlar uchun fuqarolik erkinligi, ularning mulkini saqlab qolishi va fuqaro sifatida yashash imkoniyatini nazarda tutganini hisobga olsak, yuz minglab musulmonlar Andalusiyada qoldi. Biroq, ispanlar tez orada musulmonlarni quvg'in qila boshladilar va ularni inkvizitsiya deb ataladigan xristian dinini qabul qilishga majbur qila boshladilar. Musulmonlar qo\u02bbzg\u02bbolon ko\u02bbtarib, ispanlarga qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatishga urindilar, biroq ular nihoyat Andalusiyani tark etishga majbur bo\u02bbldilar. Granada qulaganidan bir yuz yigirma yil o'tib, Ispaniyada 1018 hijriy \/ milodiy 1609 yilda Filipp III nomidagi qirollik farmoni e'lon qilinganidan keyin Ispaniya va Portugaliyada musulmonlar qolmadi, unda u Ispaniyadagi musulmonlarni 72 soat ichida qirollik yerlarini tark etishlari haqida ogohlantirdi. O'sha paytda buning iloji yo'q edi va qarordan ko'zlangan maqsad oxirgi qolgan musulmonlarni yo'q qilish edi.
Bu qonli fojia o\u2018n oy davom etdi va bu davrda 400 mingga yaqin musulmon halok bo\u2018ldi. Qolganlari Marokash va Jazoirga qochib ketishgan, ba\u02bczilari esa qo\u02bbrquvdan nasroniylikni qabul qilgan.
Granadaning so\u2018nggi qiroli Abu Abdulloh sakkiz asrlik islom soyasida yashab, Andalusiya bilan xayrlashib, Islomiy Granadani tark etib, kemaga o\u2018tirgach, bu dahshatli dramatik vaziyatda Abu Abdulloh o\u2018zining yo\u2018qolgan saltanati uchun yig\u2018ladi va onasidan tarix saqlanib qolgan so\u2018zlarni oldi: \u201cErkaklar kabi sizlar ham ayollarni himoya qilmagandek yig\u2018langlar\u201d.
Haqiqat shuki, onasi uning bu so'zlari bilan unga shapaloq urib, erkaklardek himoya qilmagan podshoh uchun ayollardek yig'lagan Islomdagi ko'plab hukmdorlarga shapaloq urar edi!

Nega biz buyuk edik
Tamer Badrning (Unutilmas mamlakatlar) kitobi\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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