{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"Granada'n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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28 \u015eubat 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Granada'n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc

End\u00fcl\u00fcs'te Granada \u0130slam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n iki as\u0131r ayakta kalmas\u0131 \u0130slam'\u0131n bir mucizesidir.
Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri'nin \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 denizinde y\u00fczen, tarihi nefret ve aldatmacalarla dolu bu \u0130slam adas\u0131, me\u015fhur kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak \u0130slam inanc\u0131 ve ilkelerinde yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in koruyabilirdi. \u0130slam inanc\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, iki y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce t\u00fcm \u0130slam \u015fehirleri ve kaleleri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fken, bu ada End\u00fcl\u00fcs'te varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremezdi.
Bu iki y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Granada'y\u0131 canl\u0131 ve \u0130slami d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ilerlemeyle dolu tutan \u015fey, bu meydan okumaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verme yasas\u0131yd\u0131. Granadal\u0131lar\u0131n, kendilerini d\u00f6rt bir yandan ku\u015fatan, onlar\u0131 yutmak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat kollayan bir d\u00fc\u015fmanla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan zafer koparma umutlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendilerine g\u00fcvenmeleri gerekti\u011fi hissi, s\u00fcrekli haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmalar\u0131, cihat bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeleri ve \u0130slam'a ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck motivasyonlar\u0131yd\u0131.
B\u00f6ylece G\u0131rnata, 897 H.\/1492 M. y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u0130slam End\u00fcl\u00fcs'\u00fcn\u00fcn han\u0131m\u0131, ilim feneri ve Avrupa'da kalan \u0130slam medeniyetinin ate\u015fi olmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.
Ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen y\u0131llar End\u00fcl\u00fcs ya\u015fam\u0131nda bir geli\u015fmeye tan\u0131k oldu. Hristiyanl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde, \u0130slam'a d\u00fc\u015fman iki b\u00fcy\u00fck Hristiyan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Aragon ve Kastilya krall\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir birlik ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu iki krall\u0131k, Kastilya Krali\u00e7esi Isabella'n\u0131n Aragon Kral\u0131 Ferdinand ile evlenmesiyle doru\u011fa ula\u015fan bir birlikle birle\u015fti. \u0130ki Katolik kraliyet \u00e7iftini d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecelerinde rahats\u0131z eden r\u00fcya, Granada'ya girmek, balay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Elhamra'da ge\u00e7irmek ve Granada'n\u0131n g\u00f6zetleme kulesine ha\u00e7\u0131 dikmekti. \u0130slami d\u00fczeyde ise, \u00f6zellikle h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ailesi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda Granada Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k patlak vermi\u015fti. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Granada Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, her biri di\u011ferini tehdit eden ve onun yolunda duran iki par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015fkent Granada'da, Ebu Abdullah Muhammed Ali Ebu'l-Hasan en-Nasri'nin (Granada'n\u0131n son kral\u0131) y\u00f6netimindeydi; di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Vadi Ash ve \u00e7evresinde, amcas\u0131 Ebu Abdullah Muhammed'in (ez-Zaghal olarak bilinir) y\u00f6netimindeydi.
\u0130ki Katolik kral, Hicri 894 \/ Miladi 1489 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vadi Ash'e sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve Vadi Ash, Almeria, Basta ve di\u011ferlerini ele ge\u00e7irerek Granada \u015fehrinin d\u0131\u015f mahallelerine kadar ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.
Sultan Ebu Abdullah el-Nasri'ye, geli\u015fen Elhamra \u015fehrini teslim etmesini ve Granada'n\u0131n korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen bir mesaj g\u00f6nderdiler. Tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na kap\u0131lan krallar\u0131n \u00e2deti oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, bu kral da zay\u0131ft\u0131 ve o g\u00fcn\u00fc hesaba katmad\u0131. Bu iste\u011fin End\u00fcl\u00fcs'teki son \u0130slam krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in teslimiyet anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in iste\u011fi reddetti. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve Hristiyanlar aras\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve iki y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131ndaki \u015fevki, g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki g\u00fcne\u015f par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnenlerden bir \u0130slam \u015f\u00f6valyesi, Musa bin Ebu el-Gassan \u00f6nderli\u011finde ve ate\u015fledi.
Bu \u015f\u00f6valye ve onun gibiler sayesinde Granada, Katolik krallara iki y\u0131l boyunca direndi ve yedi ay boyunca ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Ancak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sona erece\u011fi konusunda hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcphe yoktu. Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan korunmayan Ebu Abdullah, aile i\u00e7i b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve i\u00e7 \u00e7eki\u015fmeler, buna kar\u015f\u0131n Hristiyan cephesinde tam bir birlik, ayr\u0131ca uzun bir kay\u0131p ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi milliyet\u00e7ilik ve \u0130slam'dan uzak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, Granada'n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0130spanyol \u0130slam krall\u0131klar\u0131ndan miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 miras.
T\u00fcm bu fakt\u00f6rler, \u0130spanya krallar\u0131 Ferdinand ve Isabella'n\u0131n, Sultan Ebu Abdullah en-Nasri'nin 897 H. y\u0131l\u0131nda (2 Ocak 1492 M.) teslim etmesinin ard\u0131ndan G\u0131rnata'y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerine kadar End\u00fcl\u00fcs'teki son \u0130slam mumunu s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Teslim anla\u015fmas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in medeni \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, mallar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131 ve vatanda\u015f olarak ya\u015fama imk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u00fcz binlerce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman End\u00fcl\u00fcs'te kald\u0131. Ancak \u0130spanyollar k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara zulmetmeye ve Engizisyon olarak bilinen y\u00f6ntemle onlar\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7meye zorlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ayakland\u0131 ve \u0130spanyollara direnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, ancak sonunda End\u00fcl\u00fcs'\u00fc terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. G\u0131rnata'n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden 120 y\u0131l sonra, III. Filip'in 1018 H. \/ 1609 M. y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130spanya'da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 72 saat i\u00e7inde kraliyet topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeleri konusunda uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kraliyet ferman\u0131 yay\u0131nlamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130spanya ve Portekiz'de art\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yoktu. O d\u00f6nemde bu imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131 ve karar\u0131n amac\u0131, kalan son M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 yok etmekti.
Bu kanl\u0131 trajedi on ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 400.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Geri kalanlar Fas ve Cezayir'e ka\u00e7t\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise korkudan Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ti.
Son Granada kral\u0131 Ebu Abdullah, \u0130slam'\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi sekiz as\u0131rdan sonra, End\u00fcl\u00fcs'e veda etmek \u00fczere, \u0130slami Granada'dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p gemisine bindi\u011finde, bu \u015fiddetli ve dramatik ortamda, kaybetti\u011fi krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve annesinden tarihin saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zleri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: "Erkekler gibi koruyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir krall\u0131k i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar gibi a\u011flay\u0131n."
Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, annesi onun bu s\u00f6zleriyle hem ona tokat at\u0131yordu, hem de erkekler gibi koruyamad\u0131klar\u0131 bir kral i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar gibi a\u011flayan bir\u00e7ok \u0130slam y\u00f6neticisine tokat at\u0131yordu!

Neden Harikayd\u0131k
Tamer Badr'\u0131n (Unutulmaz \u00dclkeler) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

28 \u015eubat 2019 Granada'n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc End\u00fcl\u00fcs'teki Granada \u0130slam Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n iki y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ayakta kalmas\u0131, \u0130slam'\u0131n bir mucizesiydi. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri'nin \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 denizinde y\u00fczen, tarihi nefret ve aldatmacalarla dolu bu \u0130slam adas\u0131, me\u015fhur kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam inanc\u0131nda ve prensiplerinde yatmas\u0131 sayesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirdi. \u0130slam inanc\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21946","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21946\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}