{"id":21858,"date":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21858"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","slug":"fdgshhgs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/tr\/archives\/21858","title":{"rendered":"\u015eehit Yusuf El-Azma"},"content":{"rendered":"
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22 Ocak 2014<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u015eehit Yusuf El-Azma
Yusuf Bey bin \u0130brahim bin Abdurrahman el-Azma. \u015eam'\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bir ailesine mensup. Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan'\u0131 i\u015fgal etmek i\u00e7in gelen Frans\u0131z ordusuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelirken \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kral Faysal liderli\u011findeki Arap h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin sava\u015f bakan\u0131yd\u0131. Bir sava\u015fta \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u015fehit olan ilk Arap sava\u015f bakan\u0131yd\u0131.
Onun yeti\u015ftirilme tarz\u0131
\u015eehit Yusuf el-Azme, hicri 1301 \/ miladi 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eam'\u0131n \u015ea\u011fur semtinde kalabal\u0131k ve se\u00e7kin bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 vefat edince, karde\u015fi Aziz ona bakt\u0131.
El-Azme, 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eam'da R\u00fc\u015fdiye Askeri Okulu'nda e\u011fitimine ba\u015flad\u0131, 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Askeri Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Okulu'na devam etti. 1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul'daki Askeri Okul'a ge\u00e7ti. Ertesi y\u0131l Harbiye \u015eahane'ye girdi ve 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle mezun oldu. \u0130stanbul'da bir kurmay kursu tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00dcste\u011fmen r\u00fctbesine, 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesine terfi etti. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Almanya'ya bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ziyaretiyle g\u00f6nderildi ve iki y\u0131l boyunca Harbiye Y\u00fcksek Okulu'nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Daha sonra \u0130stanbul'a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve Kahire'deki Osmanl\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi'ne askeri ata\u015fe olarak atand\u0131.
El-Azma, 1912'de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131'na kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1917'de Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Enver Pa\u015fa'n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna kadar \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131'n\u0131 savunan Birinci T\u00fcrk Kolordusu'nun Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. M\u00fctarekeden sonra El-Azma, \u015eam'da Arap h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kuruldu\u011funu duyana kadar T\u00fcrkiye'de kald\u0131. Tek \u00e7ocu\u011funu do\u011furdu\u011fu bir T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nla evlenmesine ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk Ordusu'ndaki g\u00f6revinden istifa ederek Arap Ordusu'na kat\u0131ld\u0131.
Sava\u015f Bakan\u0131
Faysal Arap Ordusu'na kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra El-Azme, Beyrut'ta irtibat subay\u0131 olarak atand\u0131 ve \u015fifreyi ilk kez Arap H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ofisi'nde kulland\u0131. Monar\u015fi ilan edildikten sonra Beyrut'tan nakledildi ve Tu\u011fgeneral r\u00fctbesine terfi ederek Arap Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak atand\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, 3 May\u0131s 1920'de Ha\u015fim el-Atassi'nin Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda, Harbiye Nezareti'ne atand\u0131 ve kendini orduyu \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye ve gen\u00e7 Arap Ordusu'nu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye adad\u0131. Hatta orduda ve halkta moral y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in \u015eam'da bir askeri ge\u00e7it t\u00f6reni d\u00fczenledi, ancak kader ona ordunun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini tamamlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in zaman tan\u0131mad\u0131.
Onun nitelikleri
Yusuf el-Azme, kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla, kendisiyle ve Arap kimli\u011fiyle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a gurur duyan ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bile tasdik etti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok iyi \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip bir adamd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi bir askerdi ve ordunun tek bir g\u00f6revi oldu\u011funa, bu g\u00f6revin kazan\u0131p kaybetmesine bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n sava\u015fmak oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yordu. Suriyeliler ile Fransa aras\u0131nda kesin bir sava\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini biliyordu ve sava\u015fmaktan al\u0131konulmad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kaybedece\u011fini \u00f6nceden biliyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Frans\u0131z askerlerinin insanlar\u0131n bedenlerini \u00e7i\u011fneyerek yerle bir etti\u011fi \u015fehirleri ele ge\u00e7irmesinin, Frans\u0131z ordusunun rahat\u00e7a girip sokaklarda kibirle dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermekten bin kat daha iyi ve onurlu oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yordu.
\u0130\u015fgal Suriye'yi istiyor
Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Sykes-Picot Anla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re Versay Konferans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan manday\u0131 tam kapsaml\u0131 bir askeri i\u015fgal \u015feklinde uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Fransa T\u00fcrkiye ile ate\u015fkes imzalad\u0131, Do\u011fu'ya \u00e7ok say\u0131da asker g\u00f6nderdi ve Y\u00fcksek Komiseri General Gouraud'ya Kral Faysal'a son bir \u00fcltimatom g\u00f6ndermesi i\u00e7in yetki verdi. Prens Faysal, Suriye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan General Gouraud'dan, Arap Ordusu'nun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Frans\u0131z kontrol\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, Frans\u0131z banknotlar\u0131n\u0131n tedav\u00fclden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve refah\u0131n\u0131 baltalayacak di\u011fer tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden bir \u00fcltimatom ald\u0131. Kral Faysal ve kabinesi, boyun e\u011fmekle reddetmek aras\u0131nda gidip geldi, ancak \u00e7o\u011fu teslim olmay\u0131 kabul etti. General Gouraud'ya telgraf \u00e7ektiler ve Faysal ordunun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Bu durum, Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Yusuf el-Azma taraf\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. El-Azma, "ordu, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucu aleyhine olsa bile sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r" inanc\u0131na ra\u011fmen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet arkada\u015flar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 fikirde olmak ve bu kabul\u00fc kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131.
Direni\u015fe haz\u0131rl\u0131k
S\u0131n\u0131rda konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f Arap ordusu Kral Faysal'\u0131n emriyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak geri \u00e7ekilirken, Frans\u0131z ordusu General Gouraud'nun emriyle ilerliyordu. General Gouraud'ya bu konu soruldu\u011funda, Faysal'\u0131n \u00fcltimatomun \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden telgraf\u0131n\u0131n kendisine 24 saatlik s\u00fcre dolduktan sonra ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. B\u00f6ylece kral ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bu yeni \u015fartlar\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in art\u0131k yer kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve bu \u015fartlar reddedildi. Milliyet\u00e7i g\u00fc\u00e7ler, halk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in Maysalun'a gitmeye te\u015fvik etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Faysal, Suriyeli milliyet\u00e7ilere, \u00fclkeyi savunmak i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan ordunun yerine ge\u00e7ecek bir sivil ordu kurmalar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Eski t\u00fcfekler, tabancalar, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar ve hatta sapanlarla donanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k, El-Azme'nin daha \u00f6nce \u00fcltimatoma yan\u0131t olarak verdi\u011fi da\u011f\u0131tma emrini tamamlamadan \u00f6nce toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ordunun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere oraya ak\u0131n etti. Yusuf El-Azme, az say\u0131da subay ve askerle birlikte da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ilerledi. Yaveriyle birlikte, Kral Faysal'dan cepheye gitmek i\u00e7in izin istemek \u00fczere kraliyet saray\u0131na do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
1147 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fclkemizi i\u015fgal etmek i\u00e7in gelen Ha\u00e7l\u0131 liderlerinden birinin torunu olan General Goubet komutas\u0131ndaki, en son teknoloji silahlarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 9.000 askerden olu\u015fan Frans\u0131z ordusu ile, en az yar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerden olu\u015fan, eski silahlarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tank, u\u00e7ak ve a\u011f\u0131r te\u00e7hizat bulunmayan Yusuf el-Azme komutas\u0131ndaki 8.000 asker aras\u0131nda e\u015fitsiz bir sava\u015ftan ba\u015fka \u00e7are yoktu.
Maysalun Muharebesi
El-Azme, 23 Temmuz 1920'de Maysalun'da ordunun komutas\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131. Terhis emirlerini tamamlamam\u0131\u015f subaylarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek onlara sava\u015f\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu bildirdi. T\u00fcm kuvvetlere, sald\u0131ran d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131r olmalar\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Savunma-sald\u0131r\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 komutanlar\u0131na s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak sundu. Plan, cephenin ortas\u0131nda, yolun her iki taraf\u0131nda (kalp) bir savunma hatt\u0131 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, cephenin sa\u011f ve soluna, kanatlar\u0131 (sa\u011f ve sol kanat) korumak i\u00e7in hafif birliklerin konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgeye giden yollara yerel olarak \u00fcretilmi\u015f may\u0131nlar yerle\u015ftirilmesini i\u00e7eriyordu...
El-Azme, cephenin komuta merkezinde, t\u00fcm cepheye hakim en y\u00fcksek tepede mevzilendi. 24'\u00fcnde sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u015fafak vaktinden \u00f6\u011flene kadar s\u00fcrecek sava\u015f i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131.
Saat dokuzda, Frans\u0131z top\u00e7ular\u0131 Arap top\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131 alt etmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca ve Frans\u0131z tanklar\u0131 savunman\u0131n kalbindeki Arap cephesine do\u011fru ilerlemeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. El-Azme, bu tanklar\u0131n ilerlemesini durdurmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc may\u0131nlara g\u00fcvendi, ancak may\u0131nlar g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmedi ve hi\u00e7bir etki g\u00f6stermedi. Bu y\u00fczden may\u0131nlar\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in acele etti ve tellerinin kesilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc!
Frans\u0131zlar, \u00e7ok say\u0131da olmalar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silahlanmalar\u0131 ve m\u00fccahitlerin Arap onurunu savunmadaki cesaretlerine ra\u011fmen haks\u0131z bir zafer elde edebildiler.
\u015eehitli\u011fi
Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, cephanesi t\u00fckenince El-Azma, h\u0131zl\u0131 ate\u015f eden bir Arap topunun bulundu\u011fu yol kenar\u0131ndaki mevzisinden indi. \u00c7avu\u015f Sadin El-Madfa'ya ilerleyen tanklara ate\u015f etmesini emretti. Top\u00e7ulardan biri topunu El-Azma'ya ate\u015fledi ve \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kendisi ve yan\u0131ndaki top \u00e7avu\u015fu, 24 Temmuz 1920 sabah\u0131 saat 10:30'da temiz ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim ettiler. El-Azma, sonucu beklenen El-Kerameh Sava\u015f\u0131'nda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Askeri onuru ve \u00fclkesinin onurunu savunmak i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131. Hayat\u0131 ve savundu\u011fu devletin hayat\u0131 sona erdi.
Sava\u015f, 400 Arap askerinin \u015fehit olmas\u0131, 42 Frans\u0131z askerinin \u00f6lmesi ve 154 askerin yaralanmas\u0131yla sona erdi.
\u015eehit edildi\u011fi yere defnedilen El-Azma'n\u0131n Maysalun'daki mezar\u0131, her y\u0131l Suriye'nin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan \u00e7elenklerin getirildi\u011fi, ulusal fedakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz bir sembol\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.
Frans\u0131zlar kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, General Gouraud, MS 1920 \/ H. 1338 A\u011fustos ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u015eam'a geldi. Var\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u015fey, kahraman Selahaddin Eyyubi'nin mezar\u0131na gidip ona alayc\u0131 ve \u00f6v\u00fcngen bir \u015fekilde \u015f\u00f6yle seslenmek oldu: "Ey Selahaddin, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda bize Do\u011fu'yu terk etti\u011finizi ve geri d\u00f6nmeyece\u011finizi s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftiniz ve i\u015fte buraday\u0131z, geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck. Aya\u011fa kalk\u0131n ve bizi Suriye'de g\u00f6r\u00fcn!"

Binba\u015f\u0131 Tamer Badr'\u0131n Unutulmaz Liderler kitab\u0131ndan\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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