{"id":21943,"date":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21943"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","slug":"fdgds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sw\/archives\/21943","title":{"rendered":"Ushindi wa Italia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Februari 27, 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Ushindi wa Italia<\/strong>

Waislamu walivamia jiji la Kaisari mara mbili, na kwa bahati mbaya, kuna habari kidogo katika vyanzo vya Kiislamu kuhusu uvamizi huu na wengine kama wao. Hii ni kwa sababu mengi ya uvamizi huu yalifanywa na mujahidina wa kujitolea, bila ya mamlaka ya Ukhalifa. Hili limewaacha wanahistoria wa Kiislamu wasijue mengi ya matendo na ushindi huu wa kishujaa. Habari nyingi kuhusu uvamizi huu zinatokana na vyanzo vya Ulaya.

Kiini cha epic hii kuu ni kwamba mujahidina wa kujitolea waliamua, baada ya kushauriana kati yao wenyewe, kuivamia mji wa Roma. Waliwasilisha wazo hilo kwa serikali ya Sicily na gavana wake, Al-Fadl ibn Ja`far Al-Hamadhani. Yeye, kwa upande wake, alilipeleka suala hilo kwa mtoto wa mfalme wa Aghlabid wakati huo, Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn al-Aghlab. Alilipenda wazo hilo na akawapa mujahidina kiasi cha vifaa, mahitaji na wanaume. Kampeni ya majini ilianza mwaka 231 AH \/ 846 AD kuelekea pwani ya Italia hadi ikafika kwenye mdomo wa Mto Tevere, ambapo Roma iko kwenye mwisho wa mto huu. Wakati huo, kuta za jiji la Roma hazikujumuisha jiji lote la zamani. Badala yake, wilaya ya kidini, ambayo ilikuwa na makanisa maarufu ya Petro na Paulo, na kundi kubwa la mahekalu, madhabahu na makaburi ya kale, yalikuwa nje ya kuta. Lilikuwa limeachwa bila kulindwa, kwa vile Wakristo walifikiri lilikuwa eneo takatifu lililohifadhiwa na mbingu. Mujahidina waliishambulia wilaya hiyo na kukamata hazina zake zote ambazo hazikuwa na maelezo. Kisha wakauzingira mji wa Kaisari, na jiji hilo lilikuwa karibu kuanguka. Papa Sergius aliogopa sana. Papa wa Roma wakati huo alionywa juu ya shambulio la kina, na alituma wito wa dhiki kwa wafalme na wakuu wa Ulaya. Mfalme wa Frankish wakati huo, Louis wa Pili, alichukua hatua ya kwanza na kutuma kampeni kubwa ya askari wake kuokoa Roma na makanisa yake. Kwa sababu ya hitilafu zilizotokea miongoni mwa viongozi wa kampeni ya Waislamu wenyewe, Waislamu waliondoa mzingiro huo na kurudi Sicily wakiwa wameelemewa na ngawira na wafungwa.

Jaribio hili la kijasiri la Mujahidina wa Kiislamu lilifichua udhaifu na udhaifu wa ulinzi wa mji wa Roma, ambao hapo zamani ulikuwa mji mkuu wa ulimwengu wa kale na kitovu cha Ukristo wa kimataifa. Waislamu waliamua kujaribu tena hadi fursa ilipopatikana. Hii ilikuwa katika mwaka wa 256 AH \/ 870 AD, kwa msaada mkubwa kutoka kwa mkuu wa Aghlabid wakati huo, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Aghlab. Mwana mfalme huyu alifanikiwa mwaka mmoja uliopita kukiteka kisiwa cha Malta, mwaka wa 255 AH\/869 AD. Matarajio yake yalipanda kufikia heshima ya kuiteka Roma. Hakika meli za Mujahidina zilikutana na meli za Aghlabid, na ziliendelea kwa njia ile ile kama kampeni iliyotangulia hadi wakafika kwenye mlango wa Mto Tevere. Papa wa Roma wakati huo, Leo IV, akiwa amejifunza somo lake kutokana na uvamizi wa hapo awali, aliharakisha na kuziomba meli za Genoa na Naples kurudisha nyuma kampeni ya majini ya Waislamu dhidi ya Roma. Mapigano makubwa ya majini yalizuka kati ya pande hizo mbili karibu na maji ya bandari ya Ostia, ambapo Waislamu walikaribia kuziangamiza meli za Kikristo. Isingekuwa dhoruba kali ya baharini kupiga Ostia, mapigano yangekoma.

Dhoruba hii kali haikuwazuia Waislamu, na pamoja na hasara kubwa waliyopata kutokana na tufani hiyo, walisisitiza kuendelea na uvamizi huo na wakauzingira mji huo kwa nguvu za hali ya juu mpaka ukawa unakaribia kuanguka. Hili lilimsukuma Papa John VIII, ambaye alimrithi Leo IV, ambaye alikufa kwa huzuni juu ya majanga kwa Ukristo, kutii masharti ya Waislamu na kuwalipa kodi ya kila mwaka ya mithqal elfu ishirini na tano za fedha. Hili lilikuwa na athari kubwa kwa mataifa ya Kikristo kwa ujumla na hasa Ulaya, kwani Papa angewezaje kulipa ushuru kwa Waislamu? Lakini huu ndio ukweli wa kihistoria uliothibitishwa, ambao hauna shaka. Ni jambo ambalo maadui wamelishuhudia na kuliandika katika vitabu vyao, ijapokuwa linawafedhehesha na kuwahuzunisha. Pia ni moja ya taswira ya majivuno, utu na ushujaa huko nyuma, ambayo Waislamu sasa wanatakiwa kujifunza nayo na kunufaika nayo.

Kwa Nini Tulikuwa Wakuu
Kitabu (Nchi Zisizosahaulika) na Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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