{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sw\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Ufalme wa Ottoman"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Desemba 22, 2013<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Ufalme wa Ottoman
( 699 \u2013 1342 AH \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 BK)
Milki ya Ottoman inajivunia katikati ya historia ya mwanadamu, ikiwa imebeba bendera ya Uislamu kwa zaidi ya karne sita, ikiteka Ulaya na Asia na kuanzisha dola kubwa kwa Uislamu. Crusader Ulaya iliogopa na kuiogopa kwa karne nyingi, na Ulaya iliendelea kujiandaa kuiondoa, ikingojea fursa baada ya fursa. Hata hivyo, Milki ya Uthmaniyya na viongozi wake waliwapiga pigo baada ya mapigo mpaka, wakati Uthmaniyya ulipoanguka chini, wakaacha utawala wa kweli wa Kiislamu na kuchukua njia ya madaraka, Crusader Europe iliwavamia, ikawasambaratisha na kueneza Freemasonry miongoni mwa vijana wake na viongozi, hadi Ukhalifa wa Ottoman ulipoanguka na kukomeshwa na Kemal Ataturk.
Milki ya Ottoman ilikuwa nchi yenye ushindi mwingi wa Kiislamu baada ya Ufalme wa Umayyad. Waothmaniyya walianzisha upya wito wa jihadi na ushindi na kuanzisha ushindi ndani ya Uropa na sehemu za Asia Ndogo. Ushindi mkubwa zaidi kati ya hizi ulikuwa utekaji wa Constantinople na Sultan Mehmed Mshindi mnamo 857 AH \/ 1453 AD. Ukhalifa wa Ottoman pia unasifiwa kwa ushindi wa Ulaya ya Kati, kwani Waothmani walishinda Balkan mnamo 756 AH \/ 1355 AD, na nchi zote za Ulaya ya Kati zilijisalimisha kwao moja baada ya nyingine. Bulgaria ilitekwa mnamo 774 AH \/ 1372 AD, Serbia ilitekwa mnamo 788 AH \/ 1386 AD, Bosnia na Herzegovina mnamo 792 AH \/ 1389 AD, pamoja na Kroatia, Albania, Belgrade na Hungaria. Majeshi ya Ottoman, yakiongozwa na Sultan Suleiman Mkuu, yalifika kwenye kuta za Vienna na kuizingira mwaka wa 936 AH\/1529 AD, lakini hawakuweza kuiteka. Kadhalika, zaidi ya miaka mia moja na hamsini baadaye, majeshi ya Ottoman yalizingira Vienna mwaka 1094 AH\/1683 AD wakati wa utawala wa Sultan Mehmed IV.
Nyingi ya ardhi hizi zilibaki mikononi mwa Waislamu na chini ya Ukhalifa wa Uthmaniyya katika kipindi chote cha madaraka yake. Hata hivyo, hatua kwa hatua zilianza kusambaratika huku Ufalme wa Ottoman ulipoingia katika kipindi cha udhaifu. Kufikia 1337 AH (1918 CE), Ukhalifa wa Ottoman haukuwa na eneo lingine lililobakia katika bara la Ulaya isipokuwa jiji la Istanbul. Kuwepo kwa muda mrefu kwa maeneo haya ya Uropa chini ya Ukhalifa wa Ottoman kulimaanisha kwamba maeneo yote yakawa yenye Waislamu wengi, kama vile Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia na Herzegovina, na jumuiya kubwa za Waislamu huko Bulgaria, Romania, na Montenegro.
Kusilimu kwa wakazi wengi wa maeneo yanayotawaliwa na Uthmaniyya kuwa Uislamu kunatokana na kuwatendea kwa haki na usawa Waislamu hao. Mwanakijiji dhaifu, maskini angeweza kupanda hadi nafasi za juu na zenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi katika Milki ya Ottoman, aina ya haki ya kijamii ambayo haikuwezekana katika jamii za Ulaya za kisasa. Usalama ulibadilisha mizozo na machafuko katika maeneo haya, na Ulaya ilinufaika na shirika makini la jeshi la Ottoman na mifumo yake ya kiutawala, ambayo ilitegemea hasa ufanisi. Wafuasi wa dini nyingine, kama vile Ukristo na Uyahudi, pia walifurahia kutendewa kwa ukarimu katika maeneo yaliyotawaliwa na Waothmaniyya kwa karne kadhaa, madhara ambayo yanaonekana wazi katika jinsi jumuiya hizi zinavyohifadhi lugha, tamaduni na dini zao hadi leo.

Kutoka kwa kitabu "Nchi Zisizoweza Kusahaulika" na Meja Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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