{"id":21973,"date":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21973"},"modified":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","slug":"tysrfgd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/archives\/21973","title":{"rendered":"Obliehanie Viedne a velezrada"},"content":{"rendered":"
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18. marca 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Obliehanie Viedne<\/strong>
a velezradu<\/strong>

Austr\u00e1lsky terorista nap\u00edsal na pu\u0161ku, ktorou v me\u0161ite zabil 49 neozbrojen\u00fdch moslimov: \u201eViede\u0148 1683\u201c. Samozrejme, 90% moslimov, ktor\u00ed si tieto slov\u00e1 pre\u010d\u00edtali, nevedeli, \u010do znamenaj\u00fa. Pre\u010d\u00edtajme si teda t\u00e9mu \u201eViede\u0148 1683\u201c a pre\u010do si to tento austr\u00e1lsky terorista nap\u00edsal na pu\u0161ku.

Bitka o Viede\u0148 sa odohrala 20. ramad\u00e1nu 1094 AH \/ 12. septembra 1683 n. l. Po dvoch mesiacoch obliehania Viedne Osmanskou r\u00ed\u0161ou bitka zlomila jej nadvl\u00e1du v Eur\u00f3pe, ke\u010f\u017ee po\u013esk\u00e9, nemeck\u00e9 a rak\u00faske sily pod veden\u00edm po\u013esk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea J\u00e1na III. Sobieskeho zv\u00ed\u0165azili nad osmanskou arm\u00e1dou vedenou ve\u013ekovez\u00edrom Karom Mustafom, velite\u013eom osmansk\u00fdch s\u00edl.

Osmani a Viede\u0148<\/strong>
Dobytie Viedne bolo u\u017e dlho snom osmansk\u00fdch sult\u00e1nov, vzh\u013eadom na jej strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre kontrolu obchodn\u00fdch a dopravn\u00fdch tr\u00e1s v srdci Eur\u00f3py. Osmani sa zaka\u017ed\u00fdm uspokojili s n\u00e1vratom z hradieb Viedne, ke\u010f\u017ee z\u00edskali bohatstvo a mo\u017eno aj nov\u00e9 \u010dasti v\u00fdchodnej alebo strednej Eur\u00f3py na z\u00e1klade doh\u00f4d s Rak\u00faskou r\u00ed\u0161ou.
Prv\u00e9 obliehanie sa odohralo za \u010dias S\u00fclejmana Ve\u013ekolep\u00e9ho, o storo\u010die a pol sk\u00f4r, po tom, \u010do prenikol do Eur\u00f3py po v\u00ed\u0165azstve nad Ma\u010farmi v hroznej bitke pri Moh\u00e1\u010di. Vojsk\u00e1 Ve\u013ekolep\u00e9ho vst\u00fapili do Budape\u0161ti, hlavn\u00e9ho mesta Uhorska, 3. d\u0148a Dhu al-Hijjah 932 AH \/ 10. septembra 1526 n. l., \u010d\u00edm sa (M\u00fchrestan) stal \u010fal\u0161ou osmanskou provinciou a nastolili sa absol\u00fatna kontrola Osmanov v strednej a v\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3pe.
V roku 1683 n. l. Turci obliehali Viede\u0148 druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t, ale gr\u00f3f Starhamberg dok\u00e1zal Turkov odrazi\u0165 v bitke pri vrchu Kahlenberg. V roku 1686 n. l., po 145 rokoch osmanskej nadvl\u00e1dy nad Budape\u0161\u0165ou, znovu dobyli Budape\u0161\u0165 z r\u00fak Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e.

Pred bitkou<\/strong>
Nemecko s\u00faperilo s Osmanmi v Uhorsku a na Slovensku a osmansk\u00fd ve\u013ekovez\u00edr bol zanepr\u00e1zdnen\u00fd my\u0161lienkou zasadi\u0165 siln\u00fd \u00fader, aby zabr\u00e1nil Nemecku v zasahovan\u00ed do uhorsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a presved\u010dil osmansk\u00e9ho sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV. a Cis\u00e1rsky Divan (Radu ministrov), aby vyhl\u00e1sili vojnu Nemecku. Ve\u013ekovez\u00edr Ahmed Pa\u0161a K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc sa vydal z Edirne a do Uhorska pri\u0161iel na \u010dele ve\u013ekej arm\u00e1dy pribli\u017ene 120 000 vojakov, vybaven\u00fdch delami a mun\u00edciou namontovanou na 60 000 \u0165av\u00e1ch a 10 000 muliciach. Vst\u00fapil na Slovensko, zni\u010dil v\u0161etky vojensk\u00e9 opevnenia, ktor\u00e9 mu st\u00e1li v ceste, a smeroval k hradu Nohzel, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza severoz\u00e1padne od Budape\u0161ti, asi 110 km v\u00fdchodne od Viedne a 80 km od Bratislavy. Nemci ho opevnili, v\u010faka \u010domu sa stal jednou z najsilnej\u0161\u00edch pevnost\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da za\u010dala obliehanie 13. muharramu 1074 AH \/ 17. augusta 1663 n. l.
Osmansk\u00e9 obliehanie hradu trvalo 37 dn\u00ed a prin\u00fatilo velite\u013ea hradnej pos\u00e1dky po\u017eiada\u0165 o jeho kapitul\u00e1ciu. Ve\u013ekovez\u00edr s t\u00fdm s\u00fahlasil pod podmienkou, \u017ee pos\u00e1dka hrad evakuuje bez zbran\u00ed a mun\u00edcie. T\u00e1to kampa\u0148 sp\u00f4sobila v Eur\u00f3pe obrovsk\u00fd rozruch a v srdciach kr\u00e1\u013eov v\u0161eobecne vyvolala strach a paniku. Po kapitul\u00e1cii tohto ve\u013ek\u00e9ho hradu sa osmanskej arm\u00e1de vzdalo asi 30 rak\u00faskych hradov.
Toto ve\u013ek\u00e9 dobytie viedlo k postupu Ahmeda K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fca so svojimi arm\u00e1dami a dobytiu oblast\u00ed Moravy (v \u010ceskoslovensku) a Sliezska v strednej Eur\u00f3pe.

Vojnov\u00e1 rada<\/strong>
Ve\u013ekovez\u00edr Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a zvolal vo svojej arm\u00e1de vojnov\u00fa radu a ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee dobyje Viede\u0148 a tam nadiktuje Nemecku svoje podmienky. Povedal, \u017ee dobytie Jangkale, mesta pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 k Viedni a nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho sa 80 km v\u00fdchodne od Viedne na z\u00e1padnom brehu rieky Rab, Nemecko nepodriade a nezabr\u00e1ni mu v zasahovan\u00ed do uhorsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed.
Rozhodnutie Kara Mustafu Pa\u0161u vyvolalo medzi ministrami zm\u00e4tok a kontroverziu. Minister Ibrahim Pa\u0161a namietal a tvrdil, \u017ee t\u00fa\u017ebou sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV. je doby\u0165 Jangkalu a za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 na stredn\u00fa Eur\u00f3pu s osmansk\u00fdmi komandov\u00fdmi brig\u00e1dami a \u017ee \u0165a\u017eenie proti Viedni sa pravdepodobne uskuto\u010dn\u00ed bud\u00faci rok. Kara Mustafu Pa\u0161a odpovedal, \u017ee je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, aby sa arm\u00e1da op\u00e4\u0165 zhroma\u017edila s takou hustotou a silou a \u017ee t\u00e1to z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 si vy\u017eaduje siln\u00fd a rozhoduj\u00faci \u00fader Nemcom, inak by sa vojna s nimi pred\u013a\u017eila, najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee Nemecko uzavrelo mierov\u00fa zmluvu s Franc\u00fazskom a je na z\u00e1padnej strane v bezpe\u010d\u00ed a \u017ee cis\u00e1r Leopold sa dohodol s po\u013esk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eom Sobieskim na obnoven\u00ed oblasti Padolu a \u017ee Ben\u00e1tky musia by\u0165 zahrnut\u00e9 do tejto dohody, a tak sa Rusko a zvy\u0161ok eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn pripoja k tejto kres\u0165anskej aliancii po boku Nemecka. To si vy\u017eadovalo jej preru\u0161enie a zni\u010denie tejto vznikaj\u00facej aliancie v danom roku, inak by sa vojna pred\u013a\u017eila na nezn\u00e1me obdobie.

Poz\u00edcia Eur\u00f3py<\/strong>
Eur\u00f3pske mocnosti sa pon\u00e1h\u013eali zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 Viede\u0148 pred p\u00e1dom. P\u00e1pe\u017e vyhl\u00e1sil kri\u017eiacku v\u00fdpravu proti Osmanom a nariadil po\u013esk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1\u013eovi Sobiesk\u00e9mu, aby poru\u0161il zmluvu s Osmanmi. Taktie\u017e nariadil nemeck\u00fdm knie\u017eat\u00e1m Saska a Bavorska, najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm eur\u00f3pskym knie\u017eat\u00e1m, aby sa \u010do najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ie vydali na Viede\u0148. Zhroma\u017edili sa eur\u00f3pske arm\u00e1dy z Po\u013eska, Nemecka a Rak\u00faska v po\u010dte 70 000 vojakov. Lotrinsk\u00fd vojvoda prenechal celkov\u00e9 velenie po\u013esk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1\u013eovi J\u00e1novi III. Sobieskemu. Ich pr\u00edpravy boli ukon\u010den\u00e9 v piatok 11. septembra, ke\u010f mali pocit, \u017ee p\u00e1d Viedne je u\u017e len p\u00e1r dn\u00ed. Preto sa Eur\u00f3pania rozhodli n\u00e1silne prekro\u010di\u0165 Donsk\u00fd most, ktor\u00fd kontrolovali Osmani, bez oh\u013eadu na cenu, preto\u017ee z\u00e1soby sa nemohli do Viedne doru\u010di\u0165 bez prekro\u010denia tohto mosta.

zrada<\/strong>
Kara Mustafa umiestnil pri Donskom moste, jedinej ceste ved\u00facej do Viedne zo z\u00e1padu, rozsiahle osmansk\u00e9 sily veden\u00e9 Muradom Karajom, vl\u00e1dcom Krymu, aby zabr\u00e1nil postupu Eur\u00f3panov. Murad Karaj nariadil, aby bol most v pr\u00edpade potreby vyhoden\u00fd do vzduchu.
Tu sa stalo nie\u010do, \u010do nikto, ani Osmani, ani Eur\u00f3pania, ne\u010dakali. Murad Karay sa dopustil ve\u013ekej zrady islamu a moslimov t\u00fdm, \u017ee dovolil Eur\u00f3panom prejs\u0165 cez most bez boja. Bolo to kv\u00f4li jeho nen\u00e1visti a nepriate\u013estvu vo\u010di Kara Mustafovi. Mustafa Pa\u0161a Murada Karaya nen\u00e1videl a spr\u00e1val sa k nemu zle. Murad na druhej strane veril, \u017ee zlyhanie Mustafu Pa\u0161u vo Viedni povedie k jeho p\u00e1du z moci a z poz\u00edcie vodcu. Tomuto zradn\u00e9mu vodcovi nikdy nenapadlo, \u017ee prehra Osmanov s Vied\u0148ou zmen\u00ed priebeh svetov\u00fdch dej\u00edn. Preto sa Murad rozhodol zosta\u0165 div\u00e1kom, k\u00fdm eur\u00f3pske sily prekro\u010dia most Donya, aby prelomili obliehanie Viedne bez toho, aby pohli prstom. Okrem toho boli v osmanskej arm\u00e1de ministri a bejovia, ktor\u00ed nechceli, aby sa Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a stal dobyvate\u013eom Viedne, kde sult\u00e1n Sulejm\u00e1n Ve\u013ekolep\u00fd zlyhal.

Rozhoduj\u00faca bitka<\/strong>
V sobotu 20. ramad\u00e1nu 1094 AH \/ 12. septembra 1683 n. l. sa obe arm\u00e1dy stretli pred hradbami Viedne. Eur\u00f3pania boli radi, \u017ee prekro\u010dili most Donna bez preliatia jedinej kvapky krvi. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da bola v \u00fa\u017ease, ke\u010f po prechode mosta Donna videla Eur\u00f3panov pred sebou. Mustafa Pa\u0161a v\u0161ak spustil proti\u00fatok s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou svojich s\u00edl a \u010das\u0165ami elitn\u00fdch jani\u010diarov, aby vtrhol do mesta. Tureck\u00ed velitelia mali v \u00famysle obsadi\u0165 Viede\u0148 pred pr\u00edchodom J\u00e1na III. Sobieskeho, ale \u010das vypr\u0161al. V tom \u010dase vojensk\u00ed in\u017einieri pripravili \u010fal\u0161\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd a posledn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch, aby zabezpe\u010dili pr\u00edstup do mesta. Zatia\u013e \u010do Turci nar\u00fdchlo dokon\u010dili svoju pr\u00e1cu a utesnili tunel, aby bol v\u00fdbuch \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00ed, Rak\u00fa\u0161ania jasky\u0148u objavili popoludn\u00ed. Jeden z nich vo\u0161iel do tunela a v\u00fdbuch v\u010das zne\u0161kodnil.
\u010eal\u0161ia ve\u013ek\u00e1 zrada sa stala zo strany Oglua Ibrahima, velite\u013ea prav\u00e9ho kr\u00eddla osmanskej arm\u00e1dy, ke\u010f sa stiahol z bojiska. Tento \u00fastup mal najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv na por\u00e1\u017eku Osmanov. Kara Mustafa sa dok\u00e1zal organizovane stiahnu\u0165 z bojiska a na ceste sp\u00e4\u0165 Kara Mustafa popravil Murada Karaya aj Oglua Ibrahima, ale to mu nepomohlo u sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV., ktor\u00fd nariadil jeho popravu.
V bojoch padlo pribli\u017ene 15 000 osmansk\u00fdch mu\u017eov a takmer 4 000 Eur\u00f3panov. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da si po\u010das \u00fastupu vzala so sebou 81 000 zajatcov a obliehanie, ktor\u00e9 trvalo 59 dn\u00ed, sa skon\u010dilo.

V\u00fdsledky bitiek<\/strong>
Osmansk\u00e1 por\u00e1\u017eka pri hradb\u00e1ch Viedne bola zlomov\u00fdm bodom v osmansk\u00fdch a eur\u00f3pskych dejin\u00e1ch. Por\u00e1\u017ekou pri Viedni Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a stratila dynamiku \u00fatoku a expanzie do Eur\u00f3py. Por\u00e1\u017eka znamenala patov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu v osmansk\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch. Arm\u00e1dy kres\u0165anskej aliancie sa n\u00e1sledne v nasleduj\u00facich storo\u010diach presunuli s cie\u013eom doby\u0165 \u010dasti osmansk\u00e9ho \u00fazemia v Eur\u00f3pe.

Pre\u010do sme boli skvel\u00ed<\/strong>
Kniha (Nezabudnute\u013en\u00e9 dni... D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 str\u00e1nky z islamskej hist\u00f3rie) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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