{"id":21970,"date":"2025-03-27T12:24:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21970"},"modified":"2025-04-20T08:59:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T08:59:21","slug":"jhgk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/archives\/21970","title":{"rendered":"Bitka pri Tours"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21970\" class=\"elementor elementor-21970\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7209d7b6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7209d7b6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c8249d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35c8249d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">17. marca 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Akcie, ktor\u00e9 treba vykona\u0165 pre tento pr\u00edspevok\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\"><strong>Bitka pri Tours<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Kres\u0165ansk\u00fd terorista, ktor\u00fd zabil neozbrojen\u00fdch moslimov v me\u0161ite na Novom Z\u00e9lande, mal na hlave\u0148 svojej pu\u0161ky nap\u00edsan\u00e9 \u201eCharles Martel\u201c. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee je dobr\u00fdm \u010d\u00edta\u010dom hist\u00f3rie. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, my moslimovia si svoju hist\u00f3riu ne\u010d\u00edtame a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nej sa v na\u0161ich \u0161kol\u00e1ch nevyu\u010duje. \u010cas\u0165 na\u0161ej hist\u00f3rie je skres\u013eovan\u00e1, \u010di u\u017e \u00famyselne alebo z nevedomosti. Preto mus\u00edme pozna\u0165 svoju hist\u00f3riu a pr\u00edbeh Charlesa Martela, ktor\u00e9ho meno je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 na pu\u0161ke, ktor\u00e1 zabila neozbrojen\u00fdch moslimov.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Bitka pri Tours, zn\u00e1ma aj ako bitka pri Poitiers, sa odohrala medzi moslimsk\u00fdmi silami veden\u00fdmi Abd al-Rahmanom al-Ghafiqim a fransk\u00fdmi silami veden\u00fdmi Karolom Martelom. Moslimovia boli v tejto bitke porazen\u00ed a ich velite\u013e bol zabit\u00fd. T\u00e1to por\u00e1\u017eka zastavila moslimsk\u00fd postup smerom k srdcu Eur\u00f3py.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>pred bitkou<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>V roku 112 AH \/ 730 n. l. bol Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi menovan\u00fd za guvern\u00e9ra Andal\u00fazie. Potla\u010dil povstania v Andal\u00fazii medzi Arabmi a Berbermi a pracoval na zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a kult\u00farnej situ\u00e1cie v krajine.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>T\u00fato stabilitu a poriadok, ktor\u00e9 sa v Andal\u00fazii ust\u00e1lili, v\u0161ak naru\u0161ili pohyby Frankov a G\u00f3tov a ich pr\u00edpravy na \u00fatok na islamsk\u00e9 poz\u00edcie na severe. Mu\u017e ako Al-Ghafiqi, ve\u013ek\u00fd veriaci a bojovn\u00edk, nemohol ml\u010da\u0165. Spomienky na por\u00e1\u017eku pri Toloshe ho st\u00e1le prenasledovali a \u010dakal na vhodn\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165, aby zmazal jej n\u00e1sledky. Teraz, ke\u010f pri\u0161la, musel ju vyu\u017ei\u0165 a pripravi\u0165 sa na \u0148u \u010do najlep\u0161ie. Vyhl\u00e1sil svoj \u00famysel doby\u0165 a bojovn\u00edci sa k nemu hrnuli zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n, a\u017e k\u00fdm nedosiahli po\u010det p\u00e4\u0165desiattis\u00edc mu\u017eov.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Pl\u00e1n kampane<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Za\u010diatkom roku 114 AH \/ 732 n. l. Abd al-Rahman zhroma\u017edil svoje vojsk\u00e1 v Pamplone, severne od Andal\u00fazie, prekro\u010dil s nimi Albertove hory a vst\u00fapil do Franc\u00fazska (G\u00e1lie). Zamieril na juh k mestu Aral, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dza na rieke Rh\u00f4na, preto\u017ee mu odmietlo plati\u0165 trib\u00faty a neposl\u00fachlo ho. Po obrovskej bitke ho dobyl. Potom zamieril na z\u00e1pad k Akvit\u00e1nskemu vojvodstvu a dosiahol rozhoduj\u00face v\u00ed\u0165azstvo na brehu rieky Dordogne, \u010d\u00edm roztrhal jeho arm\u00e1du na kusy. Vojvoda Odo bol n\u00faten\u00fd ust\u00fapi\u0165 so svojimi silami na sever a svoje hlavn\u00e9 mesto Bordeaux nechal moslimom, aby do\u0148 vst\u00fapili ako dobyvatelia. \u0160t\u00e1t Akvit\u00e1nsko bol \u00faplne v ruk\u00e1ch moslimov. Al-Ghafiqi sa vydal smerom k rieke Loire a zamieril k mestu Tours, druh\u00e9mu najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu mestu vojvodstva, v ktorom sa nach\u00e1dzal kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Martina, ktor\u00fd bol v tom \u010dase mimoriadne sl\u00e1vny. Moslimovia mesto dobyli a prevzali nad n\u00edm kontrolu.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Vojvoda Odo nemal in\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165, ako vyh\u013eada\u0165 pomoc u Merovejovcov, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitosti boli v ruk\u00e1ch Karola Martela. Odpovedal na volanie a pon\u00e1h\u013eal sa mu na pomoc, ke\u010f\u017ee predt\u00fdm sa nestaral o moslimsk\u00e9 hnutia v ju\u017enom Franc\u00fazsku kv\u00f4li sporu, ktor\u00fd existoval medzi n\u00edm a Odom, vojvodom z Akvit\u00e1nie.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Fransk\u00e1 pripravenos\u0165<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Karol Martel na\u0161iel vo svojej \u017eiadosti o pomoc pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 svoj vplyv na Akvit\u00e1nsko, ktor\u00e9 bolo v ruk\u00e1ch jeho rivala, a zastavi\u0165 moslimsk\u00e9 dobytie po tom, \u010do ho za\u010dalo ohrozova\u0165. Okam\u017eite sa pohol a ne\u0161etril \u00fasil\u00edm pri pr\u00edprav\u00e1ch. Poslal po vojakov zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n a stretol sa so siln\u00fdmi, drsn\u00fdmi vojakmi bojuj\u00facimi takmer nah\u00fdmi, okrem jeho vlastn\u00fdch vojakov, ktor\u00ed boli siln\u00ed a sk\u00fasen\u00ed vo vojn\u00e1ch a katastrof\u00e1ch. Ke\u010f Karol Martel dokon\u010dil svoje pr\u00edpravy, pohol sa so svojou obrovskou arm\u00e1dou, ktor\u00e1 bola po\u010detne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako moslimsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, pri\u010dom zem otriasla chven\u00edm a pl\u00e1ne Franc\u00fazska sa oz\u00fdvali zvukmi a krikom vojakov, a\u017e k\u00fdm nedosiahol ju\u017en\u00e9 l\u00faky rieky Loiry.<\/span><\/h1><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\"><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Bitka<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Moslimsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da po dobyt\u00ed oboch miest ukon\u010dila svoj postup na rovinu medzi Poitiers a Tours. V tom \u010dase arm\u00e1da Karola Martela dosiahla Loiru bez toho, aby si moslimovia v\u0161imli pr\u00edchod jeho predvoja. Ke\u010f chcel Al-Ghafiqi za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 na rieku Loiru, aby sa stretol so svoj\u00edm s\u00faperom na jej pravom brehu sk\u00f4r, ako dokon\u010dil pr\u00edpravy, Martel ho prekvapil svojimi mas\u00edvnymi silami, ktor\u00e9 po\u010detne prevy\u0161ovali moslimsk\u00fa arm\u00e1du. Abd al-Rahm\u00e1n bol n\u00faten\u00fd ust\u00fapi\u0165 na rovinu medzi Poitiers a Tours. Karol prekro\u010dil rieku Loiru so svojimi silami a ut\u00e1boril sa so svojou arm\u00e1dou nieko\u013eko m\u00ed\u013e od Al-Ghafiqiho arm\u00e1dy.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Bitka sa odohrala na rovine medzi oboma stranami. Presn\u00e9 miesto bojiska nie je zn\u00e1me, hoci niektor\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee sa odohrala v bl\u00edzkosti r\u00edmskej cesty sp\u00e1jaj\u00facej Poitiers a Ch\u00e2tel, na mieste asi dvadsa\u0165 kilometrov severov\u00fdchodne od Poitiers zvanom Al-Balat, \u010do v Andal\u00fazii znamen\u00e1 pal\u00e1c alebo pevnos\u0165 obklopen\u00fa z\u00e1hradami. Preto sa bitka v arabsk\u00fdch prame\u0148och naz\u00fdvala Al-Balat Al-Shuhada (Pal\u00e1c mu\u010den\u00edkov) kv\u00f4li ve\u013ek\u00e9mu po\u010dtu moslimov, ktor\u00ed v nej zomreli umu\u010den\u00ed. V eur\u00f3pskych prame\u0148och sa naz\u00fdva bitka pri Tours-Poitiers.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Boje medzi oboma stranami vypukli koncom \u0161a&#039;banu 114 AH \/ v okt\u00f3bri 732 n. l. a pokra\u010dovali dev\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed a\u017e do za\u010diatku ramad\u00e1nu bez toho, aby ktor\u00e1ko\u013evek zo str\u00e1n dosiahla rozhoduj\u00face v\u00ed\u0165azstvo.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Na desiaty de\u0148 vypukla obrovsk\u00e1 bitka a obe strany preuk\u00e1zali maxim\u00e1lnu odvahu, vytrvalos\u0165 a neochvejnos\u0165, a\u017e k\u00fdm Frankovia neza\u010dali by\u0165 unaven\u00ed a neobjavili sa zn\u00e1mky v\u00ed\u0165azstva moslimov. Kres\u0165ania vedeli, \u017ee islamsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da m\u00e1 ve\u013ea koristi, ktor\u00fa z\u00edskala v bitk\u00e1ch po\u010das postupu z Andal\u00fazie do Poitiers, a t\u00e1to koris\u0165 moslimov za\u0165a\u017eovala. Arabi mali zvyk nosi\u0165 koris\u0165 so sebou a umiest\u0148ova\u0165 ju za svoju arm\u00e1du s pos\u00e1dkou, ktor\u00e1 ju chr\u00e1nila. Kres\u0165ania to pochopili a podarilo sa im za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 na moslimov s\u00fastreden\u00edm sa na t\u00fato stranu. Obsadili ich zozadu zo strany pos\u00e1dky poverenej str\u00e1\u017een\u00edm koristi. Moslimovia si neuvedomili kres\u0165ansk\u00fd pl\u00e1n, a tak sa niektor\u00e9 z ich div\u00edzi\u00ed oto\u010dili, aby koris\u0165 ochr\u00e1nili, a tak sa syst\u00e9m islamskej arm\u00e1dy naru\u0161il, ke\u010f\u017ee jedna div\u00edzia sa oto\u010dila, aby koris\u0165 ochr\u00e1nila, a druh\u00e1 bojovala s kres\u0165anmi spredu. Moslimsk\u00e9 rady sa naru\u0161ili a medzera, cez ktor\u00fa Frankovia prenikali, sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ila.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Al-Ghafiqi sa sna\u017eil obnovi\u0165 poriadok, prevzia\u0165 kontrolu nad situ\u00e1ciou a o\u017eivi\u0165 nad\u0161enie medzi svojimi vojakmi, ale smr\u0165 mu nepomohla, ke\u010f ho zasiahol zat\u00falan\u00fd \u0161\u00edp, ktor\u00fd ho pripravil o \u017eivot, a padol ako mu\u010den\u00edk na bojisku. Moslimsk\u00e9 rady sa st\u00e1vali \u010doraz viac nepokojn\u00fdmi a v arm\u00e1de sa \u0161\u00edrila panika. Keby nebolo zvy\u0161kov neochvejnosti, vr\u00facnej viery a t\u00fa\u017eby po v\u00ed\u0165azstve, moslimov by postihla ve\u013ek\u00e1 katastrofa zo\u010di-vo\u010di arm\u00e1de, ktor\u00e1 ich po\u010detne prevy\u0161ovala. Moslimovia \u010dakali do s\u00famraku, potom vyu\u017eili pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 tmy a stiahli sa do Septim\u00e1nie, pri\u010dom svoj majetok a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu koristi zanechali nepriate\u013eovi.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Ke\u010f pri\u0161lo r\u00e1no, Frankovia vstali, aby pokra\u010dovali v boji, ale nena\u0161li \u017eiadnych moslimov. Na mieste nena\u0161li ni\u010d in\u00e9 ako \u00fapln\u00e9 ticho, a tak opatrne postupovali k stanom v n\u00e1deji, \u017ee v tom je nejak\u00fd trik. Na\u0161li ich pr\u00e1zdne, okrem zranen\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa nemohli pohn\u00fa\u0165. Okam\u017eite ich povra\u017edili a Karol Martel bol spokojn\u00fd s \u00fastupom moslimov. Neodv\u00e1\u017eil sa ich prenasledova\u0165 a vr\u00e1til sa so svojou arm\u00e1dou na sever, odkia\u013e pri\u0161iel.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>D\u00f4vody por\u00e1\u017eky<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>K tomuto hanebn\u00e9mu v\u00fdsledku viedlo viacero faktorov, vr\u00e1tane:<br class=\"html-br\" \/>1. Moslimovia precestovali tis\u00edce kilometrov odkedy opustili Andal\u00faziu a boli vy\u010derpan\u00ed neust\u00e1lymi vojnami vo Franc\u00fazsku a vy\u010derpan\u00ed pochodom a pohybom. Po\u010das tejto cesty k nim nedorazili \u017eiadne posily, ktor\u00e9 by obnovili vitalitu arm\u00e1dy a pomohli jej v jej misii, preto\u017ee vzdialenos\u0165 medzi nimi a centrom kalif\u00e1tu v Damasku bola ve\u013ek\u00e1. Tak\u017ee pri svojom pochode cez regi\u00f3ny Franc\u00fazska boli bli\u017e\u0161ie k m\u00fdtick\u00fdm pr\u00edbehom ako k historick\u00fdm udalostiam. C\u00f3rdoba, hlavn\u00e9 mesto Andal\u00fazie, nemohla arm\u00e1de pom\u00f4c\u0165, preto\u017ee mnoh\u00ed arabsk\u00ed dobyvatelia boli rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed v jej regi\u00f3noch.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>2- Horlivos\u0165 moslimov chr\u00e1ni\u0165 koris\u0165. V\u0161emoh\u00faci Boh vo Svojej vzne\u0161enej knihe hovor\u00ed: \u201e\u00d3, \u013eudia, Bo\u017e\u00ed pr\u00eds\u013eub je vskutku pravda, tak\u017ee nech v\u00e1s nezvedie svetsk\u00fd \u017eivot a nenechajte sa oklama\u0165 o Bohu Klamcom.\u201c [Fatir: 5] Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee moslimovia boli oklaman\u00ed t\u00fdmto svetsk\u00fdm \u017eivotom, ktor\u00fd sa im otvoril, a tak o\u0148 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili. Od Alaha posla, mier a po\u017eehnanie s n\u00edm, v had\u00edse, ktor\u00fd rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa Al-Bukhari a Muslim z autority Amra ibn Awfa Al-Ansariho, nech je s n\u00edm Alah spokojn\u00fd, sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee Alaha posla, mier a po\u017eehnanie s n\u00edm, povedal: \u201ePri Alahovi, neboj\u00edm sa pre v\u00e1s chudoby, ale sk\u00f4r sa boj\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1m svet bude u\u013eah\u010den\u00fd, tak ako bol u\u013eah\u010den\u00fd t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed pri\u0161li pred vami, a \u017ee o\u0148 budete s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei\u0165, tak ako o\u0148 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili oni, a \u017ee v\u00e1s zni\u010d\u00ed, tak ako zni\u010dilo ich.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Z\u00e1kon V\u0161emoh\u00faceho Boha o Jeho stvoren\u00ed je tak\u00fd, \u017ee ak sa svet otvor\u00ed moslimom a bud\u00fa o\u0148 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 tak, ako o\u0148 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili n\u00e1rody pred nimi, potom ich to tie\u017e zni\u010d\u00ed, tak ako zni\u010dilo tie predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face n\u00e1rody. V\u0161emoh\u00faci Boh hovor\u00ed: \u201eNa Bo\u017eej ceste nikdy nen\u00e1jdete \u017eiadnu zmenu a na Bo\u017eej ceste nikdy nen\u00e1jdete \u017eiadnu zmenu\u201c (Fatir: 43).<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>V\u00fdsledky bitiek<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>O tejto bitke sa pop\u00edsalo ve\u013ea a eur\u00f3pski historici ju obklopuj\u00fa prehnan\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom a pova\u017euj\u00fa ju za rozhoduj\u00facu bitku. Tajomstvo ich z\u00e1ujmu je jasn\u00e9; v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich ju pova\u017euje za bitku, ktor\u00e1 zachr\u00e1nila Eur\u00f3pu. Edward Gibbon vo svojej knihe \u201e\u00dapadok R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e\u201c o tejto bitke hovor\u00ed: \u201eZachr\u00e1nila na\u0161ich britsk\u00fdch otcov a na\u0161ich franc\u00fazskych susedov pred jarmom ob\u010dianskeho a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho Kor\u00e1nu, zachovala sl\u00e1vu R\u00edma a posilnila odhodlanie kres\u0165anstva.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sir Edward Creasey hovor\u00ed: \u201eVe\u013ek\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0165azstvo, ktor\u00e9 dosiahol Karol Martel nad Arabmi v roku 732 n. l., rozhoduj\u00faco ukon\u010dilo arabsk\u00e9 v\u00fdboje v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe a zachr\u00e1nilo kres\u0165anstvo pred islamom.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u010eal\u0161ia skupina umiernen\u00fdch historikov vn\u00edma toto v\u00ed\u0165azstvo ako ve\u013ek\u00fa katastrofu, ktor\u00e1 postihla Eur\u00f3pu a pripravila ju o civiliz\u00e1ciu a kult\u00faru. Gustave Le Bon vo svojej sl\u00e1vnej knihe *Civiliz\u00e1cia Arabov*, ktor\u00fa Adel Zuaiter prelo\u017eil do arab\u010diny s presnos\u0165ou a v\u00fdre\u010dnos\u0165ou, hovor\u00ed: \u201eKeby Arabi dobyli Franc\u00fazsko, Par\u00ed\u017e by sa stal ako Cordoba v \u0160panielsku, centrom civiliz\u00e1cie a vedy, kde by be\u017en\u00fd \u010dlovek mohol \u010d\u00edta\u0165, p\u00edsa\u0165 a niekedy aj sklada\u0165 po\u00e9ziu v \u010dase, ke\u010f eur\u00f3pski kr\u00e1li nevedeli nap\u00edsa\u0165 svoje vlastn\u00e9 men\u00e1.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Po bitke pri Tours nedostali moslimovia \u010fal\u0161iu pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do srdca Eur\u00f3py. Postihlo ich rozdelenie a vypuknutie konfliktov v \u010dase, ke\u010f sa kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 sily zjednotili a za\u010dalo sa to, \u010do naz\u00fdvali hnut\u00edm za znovudobytie, ktor\u00e9 obsadilo mest\u00e1 a z\u00e1kladne v ruk\u00e1ch moslimov v Andal\u00fazii.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Pre\u010do sme boli skvel\u00ed<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Kniha (Nezabudnute\u013en\u00e9 dni... D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 str\u00e1nky z islamskej hist\u00f3rie) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 \u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21970","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21970\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21970"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}