{"id":21967,"date":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21967"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","slug":"sdfgsfg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/archives\/21967","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u00e1n Murad II."},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21967\" class=\"elementor elementor-21967\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da5e3e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3da5e3e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11fcdacc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11fcdacc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">14. marca 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Akcie, ktor\u00e9 treba vykona\u0165 pre tento pr\u00edspevok\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\"><strong>Sult\u00e1n Murad II.<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Je to sult\u00e1n Murad II., asketick\u00fd sult\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd potla\u010dil vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 povstanie a porazil kri\u017eiacku koal\u00edciu v bitke pri Varne. Je jedin\u00fdm sult\u00e1nom, ktor\u00fd dvakr\u00e1t abdikoval v prospech svojho syna, aby sa mohol venova\u0165 uctievaniu v\u0161emoh\u00faceho Boha.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jeho v\u00fdchova<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad II. sa narodil v roku 806 AH \/ 1404 n. l. a vyrastal v osmanskej dom\u00e1cnosti, ktor\u00e1 svojim synom v\u0161tepila l\u00e1sku k poznaniu a d\u017eih\u00e1du v ceste Alaha. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. bol vychovan\u00fd v zdravej islamskej v\u00fdchove, ktor\u00e1 ho opr\u00e1vnila prevzia\u0165 sultan\u00e1t vo veku osemn\u00e1stich rokov. V\u0161etk\u00fdm svojim poddan\u00fdm bol zn\u00e1my svojou zbo\u017enos\u0165ou, spravodlivos\u0165ou a s\u00facitom. Miloval d\u017eih\u00e1d v ceste Alaha a volal \u013eud\u00ed k islamu v celej Eur\u00f3pe.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Prevzatie sultan\u00e1tu a odstr\u00e1nenie vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch povstan\u00ed<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad II. prevzal vl\u00e1du nad \u0161t\u00e1tom po smrti svojho otca Mehmeda \u010celebiho v roku 824 AH \/ 1421 n. l. Sult\u00e1novi Muradovi sa podarilo potla\u010di\u0165 vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 povstania, ktor\u00e9 rozp\u00fatal jeho str\u00fdko Mustafa a ktor\u00e9 podporovali nepriatelia Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e. Za intrigami, sprisahaniami a probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00fdm bol sult\u00e1n Murad vystaven\u00fd, st\u00e1l byzantsk\u00fd cis\u00e1r Manuel II. Podporoval Muradovho str\u00fdka, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa Mustafovi nepodarilo oblieha\u0165 mesto Gallipoli, ktor\u00e9 sa sna\u017eil vytrhn\u00fa\u0165 sult\u00e1novi z r\u00fak a urobi\u0165 z neho svoju z\u00e1klad\u0148u. Sult\u00e1n Murad v\u0161ak svojho str\u00fdka zatkol a postavil ho na \u0161ibenicu. Napriek tomu cis\u00e1r Manuel II. pokra\u010doval v sprisahan\u00ed proti sult\u00e1novi a prijal Muradovho brata, ktor\u00e9ho poveril velen\u00edm nad silami, ktor\u00e9 dobyli mesto Nicea v Anat\u00f3lii. Murad proti nemu pochodoval a podarilo sa mu eliminova\u0165 jeho sily, prin\u00fati\u0165 s\u00fapera ku kapitul\u00e1cii a n\u00e1sledne bol zabit\u00fd. Sult\u00e1n Murad sa potom rozhodol da\u0165 cis\u00e1rovi praktick\u00fa lekciu, a tak r\u00fdchlo obsadil Sol\u00fan, za\u00fato\u010dil na\u0148 a v marci 1431 n. l. \/ 833 hid\u017ery do\u0148 n\u00e1sil\u00edm vst\u00fapil, \u010d\u00edm sa stal neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad II. zasadil \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u00fadery povstaleck\u00fdm hnutiam na Balk\u00e1ne a chcel posilni\u0165 osmansk\u00fa vl\u00e1du v t\u00fdchto krajin\u00e1ch. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da sa vydala na sever, aby si podmanila Vala\u0161sko a uvalila na\u0148 ro\u010dn\u00fd tribut. Nov\u00fd srbsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e \u0160tefan Lazar bol n\u00faten\u00fd podriadi\u0165 sa Osmanom a vst\u00fapi\u0165 pod ich vl\u00e1du, \u010d\u00edm obnovil svoju lojalitu vo\u010di sult\u00e1novi. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da sa vydala na juh, kde upevnila z\u00e1klady osmanskej vl\u00e1dy v Gr\u00e9cku. Sult\u00e1n \u010doskoro pokra\u010doval vo svojom mision\u00e1rskom d\u017eih\u00e1de a odstr\u00e1nil prek\u00e1\u017eky v Alb\u00e1nsku aj Uhorsku.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jeho v\u00fdboje<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Po\u010das vl\u00e1dy Murada II. Osmani dobyli Alb\u00e1nsko v roku 834 AH \/ 1431 n. l. a s\u00fastredili svoj \u00fatok na ju\u017en\u00fa \u010das\u0165 krajiny. Osmani zviedli trpk\u00fd boj v severnom Alb\u00e1nsku, kde severn\u00ed Alb\u00e1nci porazili dve osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v alb\u00e1nskych hor\u00e1ch. Porazili aj dve po sebe id\u00face osmansk\u00e9 kampane veden\u00e9 samotn\u00fdm sult\u00e1nom Muradom. Osmani utrpeli po\u010das \u00fastupu \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 straty. Kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty podporovali Alb\u00e1ncov v boji proti Osmanom, najm\u00e4 ben\u00e1tska vl\u00e1da, ktor\u00e1 si bola vedom\u00e1 nebezpe\u010denstva, ktor\u00e9 predstavovalo osmansk\u00e9 dobytie tohto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu s jeho pl\u00e1\u017eami a n\u00e1morn\u00fdmi pr\u00edstavmi, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jali Ben\u00e1tky so Stredozemn\u00fdm morom a vonkaj\u0161\u00edm svetom. Osmani si boli tie\u017e vedom\u00ed toho, \u017ee Osmani m\u00f4\u017eu zadr\u017ea\u0165 ben\u00e1tske lode v uzavretom Jadranskom mori. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. sa preto neza\u017eil stabilnej osmanskej vl\u00e1dy v Alb\u00e1nsku.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u010co sa t\u00fdka ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho frontu, Murad II. uspel v roku 842 AH \/ 1438 n. l., ke\u010f porazil Ma\u010farov, zajal 70 000 ich vojakov a obsadil nieko\u013eko poz\u00edci\u00ed. Potom postupoval s cie\u013eom doby\u0165 Belehrad, hlavn\u00e9 mesto Srbska, ale vo svojom pokuse neuspel. \u010coskoro sa vytvorila rozsiahla kri\u017eiacka aliancia, po\u017eehnan\u00e1 p\u00e1pe\u017eom, ktorej cie\u013eom bolo \u00faplne vyhna\u0165 Osmanov z Eur\u00f3py. Aliancia zah\u0155\u0148ala p\u00e1pe\u017estvo, Uhorsko, Po\u013esko, Srbsko, Vala\u0161sko, Janov, Ben\u00e1tky, Byzantsk\u00fa r\u00ed\u0161u a Burgundsk\u00e9 vojvodstvo. K aliancii sa pridali aj nemeck\u00e9 a \u010desk\u00e9 vojsk\u00e1. Velenie kri\u017eiackych s\u00edl bolo zveren\u00e9 schopn\u00e9mu ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu velite\u013eovi J\u00e1novi Hunyadimu. Hunyadi viedol kri\u017eiacke pozemn\u00e9 sily a pochodoval na juh, prekro\u010dil Dunaj a v roku 846 AH \/ 1442 n. l. sp\u00f4sobil Osmanom dve \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky. Osmani boli n\u00faten\u00ed h\u013eada\u0165 mier. V j\u00fali 848 AH \/ 1444 n. l. bola v \u0160tet\u00edne uzavret\u00e1 desa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 mierov\u00e1 zmluva, v ktorej post\u00fapil Srbsko a uznal Juraja Brankovi\u0107a za jeho knie\u017ea. Sult\u00e1n Murad tie\u017e post\u00fapil Vala\u0161sko (Rumunsko) Uhorsku a vyk\u00fapil svojho za\u0165a Mahmuda \u010celebiho, ktor\u00fd bol hlavn\u00fdm velite\u013eom osmansk\u00fdch vojsk, za 60 000 duk\u00e1tov. T\u00e1to zmluva bola nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v osman\u010dine a ma\u010far\u010dine. Uhorsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Ladislav prisahal na Bibliu a sult\u00e1n Murad prisahal na Kor\u00e1n, \u017ee bud\u00fa \u010destne a verne plni\u0165 podmienky zmluvy.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Abdik\u00e1cia sultan\u00e1tu<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Ke\u010f Murad dokon\u010dil uzavretie pr\u00edmeria so svojimi eur\u00f3pskymi nepriate\u013emi, vr\u00e1til sa do Anat\u00f3lie. Bol \u0161okovan\u00fd smr\u0165ou svojho syna, princa Alaa, a jeho sm\u00fatok sa e\u0161te zosilnil. Zriekol sa sveta a kr\u00e1\u013eovstva a abdikoval sultan\u00e1tu v prospech svojho syna Mehmeda II., ktor\u00fd mal vtedy \u0161trn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov. Kv\u00f4li jeho n\u00edzkemu veku ho otec obklopil niektor\u00fdmi m\u00fadrymi a prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eav\u00fdmi mu\u017emi zo svojho \u0161t\u00e1tu. Potom odi\u0161iel do Magn\u00e9zie v Malej \u00c1zii, aby str\u00e1vil zvy\u0161ok svojho \u017eivota v izol\u00e1cii a pokoji, venoval sa v tomto \u00fastran\u00ed uctievaniu Boha a rozj\u00edmaniu o Jeho kr\u00e1\u013eovstve, ke\u010f sa uistil, \u017ee v regi\u00f3noch jeho \u0161t\u00e1tu bola nastolen\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a mier. Sult\u00e1n si toto \u00fastranie a uctievanie dlho neu\u017e\u00edval, preto\u017ee kardin\u00e1l Cesarini a niektor\u00ed jeho pomocn\u00edci vyz\u00fdvali na poru\u0161enie zml\u00fav s Osmanmi a ich vyhnanie z Eur\u00f3py, najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee sult\u00e1n Murad prenechal osmansk\u00fd tr\u00f3n svojmu mlad\u00e9mu synovi, ktor\u00fd s n\u00edm nemal \u017eiadne sk\u00fasenosti ani nebezpe\u010denstvo. P\u00e1pe\u017e Eugen IV. bol presved\u010den\u00fd touto satanskou my\u0161lienkou a po\u017eiadal kres\u0165anov, aby poru\u0161ili zmluvu a za\u00fato\u010dili na moslimov. Kres\u0165anom vysvetlil, \u017ee zmluva uzavret\u00e1 s moslimami je neplatn\u00e1, preto\u017ee bola uzavret\u00e1 bez s\u00fahlasu p\u00e1pe\u017ea, Kristovho z\u00e1stupcu na zemi. Kardin\u00e1l Cesarini bol ve\u013emi akt\u00edvny, st\u00e1le v pohybe, nikdy neunaven\u00fd pr\u00e1cou a sna\u017eil sa odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 Osmanov. Preto nav\u0161tevoval kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eov a ich vodcov a nab\u00e1dal ich k poru\u0161eniu zmluvy s moslimami. Presvied\u010dal ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kto proti nemu namietal, aby zmluvu poru\u0161il, a hovoril mu: \u201eV mene p\u00e1pe\u017ea ich zbavuje zodpovednosti za jej poru\u0161enie a \u017eehn\u00e1 ich vojakom a zbraniam. Musia nasledova\u0165 jeho cestu, preto\u017ee je to cesta sl\u00e1vy a sp\u00e1sy. Ktoko\u013evek potom m\u00e1 svedomie, ktor\u00e9 s n\u00edm bojuje a boj\u00ed sa hriechu, ponesie jeho bremeno a hriech.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Kri\u017eiaci poru\u0161uj\u00fa zmluvu<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Kri\u017eiaci poru\u0161ili svoje zmluvy, zmobilizovali arm\u00e1dy na boj proti moslimom a obliehali bulharsk\u00e9 mesto Varna, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dza na pobre\u017e\u00ed \u010cierneho mora a ktor\u00e9 moslimovia oslobodili. Poru\u0161ovanie zml\u00fav je be\u017enou charakteristikou nepriate\u013eov tohto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva, a preto V\u0161emoh\u00faci Alah zaviazal moslimov, aby proti nim bojovali. Hovor\u00ed: {Ale ak po uzavret\u00ed zmluvy poru\u0161ia svoje pr\u00edsahy a za\u00fato\u010dia na va\u0161e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo, potom bojujte proti vodcom nevery. Pre nich nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edsahy. Mo\u017eno prestan\u00fa.} [At-Tawba: 12]. Nere\u0161pektuj\u00fa zmluvy ani dohody, ako to v\u017edy bolo ich charakterom. Nev\u00e1haj\u00fa za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 na ak\u00fdko\u013evek n\u00e1rod, na ka\u017ed\u00fa osobu, u ktorej vidia slabos\u0165, zab\u00edja\u0165 a masakrova\u0165.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>N\u00e1vrat k d\u017eih\u00e1du<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Ke\u010f kres\u0165ania za\u010dali postupova\u0165 smerom k Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161i a moslimovia v Edirne sa dopo\u010duli o kri\u017eiackom hnut\u00ed a postupe, zmocnil sa ich strach a hr\u00f4za. \u0160t\u00e1tnici poslali spr\u00e1vu sult\u00e1novi Muradovi a naliehali na\u0148ho, aby pri\u0161iel a \u010delil tejto hrozbe. Mud\u017eahedsk\u00fd sult\u00e1n sa vynoril zo svojho \u00fastrania, aby viedol osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy proti kri\u017eiackej hrozbe. Muradovi sa podarilo vyjedna\u0165 s janovskou flotilou prepravu \u0161tyridsa\u0165tis\u00edc vojakov osmanskej arm\u00e1dy z \u00c1zie do Eur\u00f3py pod doh\u013eadom a uchom kri\u017eiackej flotily za jeden din\u00e1r za vojaka.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad ur\u00fdchlil svoj pochod a do Varny dorazil v ten ist\u00fd de\u0148 ako kri\u017eiaci. Nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148 vypukla prudk\u00e1 bitka medzi kres\u0165ansk\u00fdmi a moslimsk\u00fdmi arm\u00e1dami. Sult\u00e1n Murad napichol zmluvu, ktor\u00fa jeho nepriatelia poru\u0161ili, na hrot kopije, aby ich aj cel\u00e9 nebo a zem uviedol najavo ich zradu a agresiu a aby zv\u00fd\u0161il nad\u0161enie svojich vojakov. Obe strany bojovali a odohrala sa medzi nimi stra\u0161n\u00e1 bitka, v ktorej v\u00ed\u0165azstvo takmer patrilo kres\u0165anom v\u010faka ich n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej horlivosti a nadmern\u00e9mu nad\u0161eniu. T\u00e1to ochrana a nadmern\u00e9 nad\u0161enie sa v\u0161ak stretli s d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00fdm duchom Osmanov. Kr\u00e1\u013e Ladislav, poru\u0161ite\u013e zmluvy, sa stretol so sult\u00e1nom Muradom, dodr\u017eiavate\u013eom zmluvy, tv\u00e1rou v tv\u00e1r a bojovali. Stra\u0161n\u00e1 bitka medzi nimi sa odohrala 28. r\u00e1d\u017eabu 848 AH \/ 10. novembra 1444 n. l. Moslimsk\u00fd sult\u00e1n dok\u00e1zal zabi\u0165 kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho uhorsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea. Prekvapil ho siln\u00fdm \u00faderom kopije, ktor\u00fd ho prin\u00fatil spas\u0165 z ko\u0148a. Niektor\u00ed mud\u017eahed\u00edni sa rozbehli, odsekli mu hlavu a nabodli ju na kopiju, oslavuj\u00fac a raduj\u00fac sa. Jeden z mud\u017eahed\u00ednov kri\u010dal na nepriate\u013ea: \u201e\u00d3, neveriaci, toto je hlava v\u00e1\u0161ho kr\u00e1\u013ea.\u201c T\u00e1to sc\u00e9na mala siln\u00fd vplyv na kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 davy a zmocnil sa ich strach a panika. Moslimovia proti nim podnikli siln\u00fd \u00fatok, rozohnali ich a utrpeli stra\u0161n\u00fa por\u00e1\u017eku. Kres\u0165ania sa oto\u010dili chrbtom a navz\u00e1jom sa odtl\u00e1\u010dali. Sult\u00e1n Murad svojho nepriate\u013ea neprenasledoval a uspokojil sa s... Toto je rozsah v\u00ed\u0165azstva a je to ve\u013ek\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0165azstvo.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>T\u00e1to bitka vyradila Uhorsko zo zoznamu kraj\u00edn schopn\u00fdch za\u010da\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie proti Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161i na najmenej desa\u0165 rokov.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>N\u00e1vrat k izol\u00e1cii a oddanosti<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad sa neopustil svojho ask\u00e9tizmu na tomto svete a v kr\u00e1\u013eovstve, preto sa vzdal tr\u00f3nu svojmu synovi Mohamedovi a vr\u00e1til sa do svojho \u00fastrania v Magn\u00e9zii, ako v\u00ed\u0165azn\u00fd lev vracaj\u00faci sa do svojho brlohu.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Hist\u00f3ria n\u00e1m spom\u00edna skupinu kr\u00e1\u013eov a vl\u00e1dcov, ktor\u00ed abdikovali zo svojich tr\u00f3nov a odrezali sa od \u013eudu a n\u00e1dhery kr\u00e1\u013eovstva do \u00fastrania, a \u017ee niektor\u00ed z t\u00fdchto kr\u00e1\u013eov sa na tr\u00f3n vr\u00e1tili, ale nespomenuli sme \u017eiadneho z nich, kto by abdikoval dvakr\u00e1t, okrem sult\u00e1na Murada. Sotva sa dostal do svojej izol\u00e1cie v Malej \u00c1zii, ke\u010f sa jani\u010diari v Edirne vzb\u00farili, b\u00farili, z\u00farili, b\u00farili a skazili. Sult\u00e1n Mehmed II. bol mlad\u00fd mu\u017e posledn\u00fdch rokov a niektor\u00ed mu\u017ei \u0161t\u00e1tu sa ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee sa z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 vyhrot\u00ed, nebezpe\u010denstvo sa zv\u00fd\u0161i, zlo sa zhor\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1sledky bud\u00fa zl\u00e9, a tak poslali sult\u00e1na Murada so \u017eiados\u0165ou, aby sa veci ujal s\u00e1m. Sult\u00e1n Murad pri\u0161iel, chopil sa opraty moci a jani\u010diari sa mu podriadili. Poslal svojho syna Mohameda do Magn\u00e9zie ako jej guvern\u00e9ra v Anat\u00f3lii. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. zostal na osmanskom tr\u00f3ne a\u017e do posledn\u00e9ho d\u0148a svojho \u017eivota, ktor\u00fd str\u00e1vil v dob\u00fdvan\u00ed a dob\u00fdjan\u00ed.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Murad II. a jeho l\u00e1ska k b\u00e1snikom, u\u010dencom a charite<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Muhammad Harb hovor\u00ed: \u201eHoci Murad II. bol mu\u017eom s mal\u00fdm po\u010dtom b\u00e1sn\u00ed a m\u00e1me len m\u00e1lo z jeho po\u00e9zie, mal ve\u013ek\u00fd vplyv na literat\u00faru a po\u00e9ziu, \u010do nemo\u017eno poprie\u0165, preto\u017ee po\u017eehnanie ude\u013eoval b\u00e1snikom, ktor\u00fdch poz\u00fdval do svojej rady dva dni v t\u00fd\u017edni, aby povedali, \u010do mali poveda\u0165, a aby sa zaoberali podrobnos\u0165ami rozhovorov a klebiet medzi nimi a sult\u00e1nom, ktor\u00fd schva\u013eoval alebo neschva\u013eoval, vyberal alebo odmietal. \u010casto uspokojoval potreby n\u00fadznych medzi nimi ude\u013eovan\u00edm po\u017eehnan\u00ed alebo t\u00fdm, \u017ee im na\u0161iel povolanie, ktor\u00e9 by im zabezpe\u010dilo \u017eivobytie, k\u00fdm by sa nezbavili \u017eivotn\u00fdch starost\u00ed a neoddali sa p\u00edsaniu po\u00e9zie. Jeho doba priniesla mnoho b\u00e1snikov.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Murad II. premenil kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c na ak\u00fasi vedeck\u00fa akad\u00e9miu a dokonca ho v jeho bojoch sprev\u00e1dzali b\u00e1snici. Jedna z jeho b\u00e1sn\u00ed znela: \u201ePo\u010fte, spome\u0148me si na Boha, lebo na tomto svete nie sme ve\u010dn\u00ed.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Bol to vzdelan\u00fd, m\u00fadry, spravodliv\u00fd a stato\u010dn\u00fd sult\u00e1n. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok posielal zo svojich vlastn\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed tritis\u00edc p\u00e4\u0165sto din\u00e1rov obyvate\u013eom Dvoch sv\u00e4t\u00fdch me\u0161\u00edt a Jeruzalema. Z\u00e1le\u017ealo mu na vedomostiach, u\u010dencoch, \u0161ejkoch a spravodliv\u00fdch. Vydl\u00e1\u017edil cesty kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1m, zabezpe\u010dil cesty, ustanovil z\u00e1kony a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo a poni\u017eoval neveriacich a ateistov. Youssef Asaaf o \u0148om povedal: \u201eBol zbo\u017en\u00fd a spravodliv\u00fd, siln\u00fd hrdina, milovn\u00edk dobra, naklonen\u00fd s\u00facitu a dobro\u010dinnosti.\u201c<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n Murad postavil me\u0161ity, \u0161koly, pal\u00e1ce a mosty vr\u00e1tane me\u0161ity v Edirne s tromi balk\u00f3nmi. Ved\u013ea tejto me\u0161ity postavil \u0161kolu a hospic, kde dost\u00e1vali stravu chudobn\u00ed a n\u00fadzni.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Jeho smr\u0165 a z\u00e1vet<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Sult\u00e1n zomrel v pal\u00e1ci Edirne 16. muharramu 855 po hid\u017ere (18. febru\u00e1ra 1451 n. l.) vo veku 47 rokov. V s\u00falade so svojou v\u00f4\u013eou, nech sa nad n\u00edm Boh zmiluje, bol pochovan\u00fd ved\u013ea me\u0161ity Muradiye v Burse. \u017diadal, aby sa nad jeho hrobom ni\u010d nestavalo, aby sa po jeho stran\u00e1ch vybudovali priestory pre \u0161tudentov, ktor\u00ed si chc\u00fa zapam\u00e4ta\u0165 Kor\u00e1n, a aby bol pochovan\u00fd v piatok. Jeho v\u00f4\u013ea bola splnen\u00e1.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>Ke\u010f sme boli skvel\u00ed<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Z knihy Nezabudnute\u013en\u00ed vodcovia od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>14 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0644. \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 806 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1404 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21968,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,184],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21967","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115","8":"category-184"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21967"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21967\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21967"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}