{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1d Granady"},"content":{"rendered":"
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28. febru\u00e1ra 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

P\u00e1d Granady

Pre\u017eitie Islamsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva Granada v Andal\u00fazii po\u010das dvoch storo\u010d\u00ed bolo z\u00e1zrakom islamu.
Tento islamsk\u00fd ostrov, vzn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci sa nad rozb\u00faren\u00fdm morom kri\u017eiackych v\u00fdprav, prekypuj\u00faci historickou nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou a klamstvami, by si nebol mohol udr\u017ea\u0165 svoju sl\u00e1vnu neochvejnos\u0165, keby podstata neochvejnosti nespo\u010d\u00edvala v islamskej viere a princ\u00edpoch. Bez islamskej viery by sa tento ostrov nedok\u00e1zal udr\u017ea\u0165 v Andal\u00fazii po tom, \u010do v\u0161etky islamsk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 a pevnosti padli pred dvoma storo\u010diami.
Pr\u00e1ve z\u00e1kon reagovania na v\u00fdzvy udr\u017eal Granadu pri \u017eivote a naplnen\u00fa islamsk\u00fdm myslen\u00edm a kult\u00farnym pokrokom po\u010das t\u00fdchto dvoch storo\u010d\u00ed. Pocit Granad\u010danov, \u017ee \u010delia nepriate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd ich obklopuje zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n a \u010dak\u00e1 na pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 ich pohlti\u0165, a \u017ee nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadnu n\u00e1dej na v\u00ed\u0165azstvo z islamsk\u00e9ho sveta a \u017ee sa musia spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 sami na seba, bol ich najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou motiv\u00e1ciou pre neust\u00e1lu pr\u00edpravu, dv\u00edhanie z\u00e1stavy d\u017eih\u00e1du a l\u00fape\u017e k svojmu islamu.
Granade sa tak podarilo zosta\u0165 a\u017e do roku 897 AH \/ 1492 n. l. d\u00e1mou islamskej Andal\u00fazie, maj\u00e1kom vedy a plame\u0148om zost\u00e1vaj\u00facej islamskej civiliz\u00e1cie v Eur\u00f3pe.
Roky okolo p\u00e1du v\u0161ak boli svedkami v\u00fdvoja v andal\u00fazskom \u017eivote. Na kres\u0165anskej \u00farovni sa za\u010dala ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u00fania medzi dvoma najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi kres\u0165ansk\u00fdmi kr\u00e1\u013eovstvami, ktor\u00e9 boli nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 vo\u010di islamu, a to kr\u00e1\u013eovstvami Arag\u00f3nsko a Kast\u00edlia. Tieto dve kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1 sa zl\u00fa\u010dili v \u00fanii, ktor\u00e1 vyvrcholila sob\u00e1\u0161om Izabely, kr\u00e1\u013eovnej Kast\u00edlie, s Ferdinandom, kr\u00e1\u013eom Arag\u00f3nska. Sen, ktor\u00fd prenasledoval dva katol\u00edcke kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 p\u00e1ry po\u010das ich svadobnej noci, bol vst\u00fapi\u0165 do Granady, str\u00e1vi\u0165 svadobn\u00fa cestu v Alhambre a vzt\u00fd\u010di\u0165 kr\u00ed\u017e nad str\u00e1\u017enou ve\u017eou Granady. Na islamskej \u00farovni vypukol v Granadskom kr\u00e1\u013eovstve ve\u013ek\u00fd spor, najm\u00e4 medzi \u010dlenmi vl\u00e1dnucej rodiny. Obmedzen\u00e9 Granadsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo bolo rozdelen\u00e9 na dve \u010dasti, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 sa navz\u00e1jom ohrozovala a st\u00e1la jej v ceste. Jedna \u010das\u0165 sa nach\u00e1dzala vo ve\u013ekom hlavnom meste Granada, ktor\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dol Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ali Abu al-Hasan al-Nasri (posledn\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Granady), a druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sa nach\u00e1dzala vo Wadi Ash a jej okol\u00ed, kde vl\u00e1dol jeho str\u00fdko Abu Abdullah Muhammad, zn\u00e1my ako al-Zaghal.
Dvaja katol\u00edcki kr\u00e1li za\u010dali svoj \u00fatok na Wadi Ash v roku 894 AH \/ 1489 n. l. a podarilo sa im doby\u0165 Wadi Ash, Almeriu, Bastu a \u010fal\u0161ie, tak\u017ee sa ocitli na okraji mesta Granada.
Poslali spr\u00e1vu sult\u00e1novi Abu Abdullahovi Al-Nasrimu so \u017eiados\u0165ou, aby sa vzdal prosperuj\u00faceho mesta Alhambra a zostal na\u017eive v Granade pod jeho ochranou. Ako to u\u017e b\u00fdva u kr\u00e1\u013eov, ktor\u00fdch hist\u00f3ria ovplyv\u0148uje, tento kr\u00e1\u013e bol slab\u00fd a nebral tento de\u0148 do \u00favahy. Vedel, \u017ee t\u00e1to \u017eiados\u0165 znamen\u00e1 kapitul\u00e1ciu posledn\u00e9ho islamsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva v Andal\u00fazii, a tak \u017eiados\u0165 odmietol. Vojna medzi moslimami a kres\u0165anmi vypukla a trvala dva roky. Viedol ju a zap\u00e1lil horlivos\u0165 v du\u0161iach bojovn\u00edkov islamsk\u00fd rytier z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa javia ako \u017eiara slnka pred z\u00e1padom slnka: Musa ibn Abi Al-Ghassan.
V\u010faka tomuto rytierovi a jemu podobn\u00fdm Granada dva roky odol\u00e1vala katol\u00edckym kr\u00e1\u013eom a sedem mesiacov vydr\u017eala ich obliehanie. O konci konfliktu v\u0161ak nebolo poch\u00fdb. Ab\u00fa Abdull\u00e1h, ktor\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo mu\u017ei neudr\u017eali, a rozdelenie rodov a vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 spory v kr\u00e1\u013eovstve, na rozdiel od \u00faplnej jednoty na kres\u0165anskom fronte, okrem \u00farody dlhej hist\u00f3rie str\u00e1t, predislamsk\u00e9ho nacionalizmu a konfliktov \u010faleko od islamu, ktor\u00fdm Granada \u017eila a zdedila to, \u010do zdedila po padl\u00fdch \u0161panielskych islamsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eovstv\u00e1ch.
V\u0161etky tieto faktory p\u00f4sobili na uhasenie poslednej islamskej svie\u010dky v Andal\u00fazii, a\u017e k\u00fdm \u0161panielski kr\u00e1li Ferdinand a Izabela nedok\u00e1zali doby\u0165 Granadu po jej kapitul\u00e1cii sult\u00e1nom Ab\u00fa Abdull\u00e1hom al-Nasrim v roku 897 AH, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 2. janu\u00e1ru 1492 n. l. V Andal\u00fazii zostali st\u00e1tis\u00edce moslimov, ke\u010f\u017ee dohoda o kapitul\u00e1cii stanovovala ob\u010diansku slobodu pre moslimov, zachovanie ich majetku a mo\u017enos\u0165 \u017ei\u0165 ako ob\u010dania. \u0160panieli v\u0161ak \u010doskoro za\u010dali prenasledova\u0165 moslimov a n\u00fati\u0165 ich konvertova\u0165 na kres\u0165anstvo v takzvanej inkviz\u00edcii. Moslimovia sa vzb\u00farili a pok\u00fasili sa \u0160panielom odola\u0165, ale nakoniec boli n\u00faten\u00ed opusti\u0165 Andal\u00faziu. Sto dvadsa\u0165 rokov po p\u00e1de Granady u\u017e v \u0160panielsku a Portugalsku nezostali \u017eiadni moslimovia, a to po vydan\u00ed kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho dekr\u00e9tu v \u0160panielsku v mene Filipa III. v roku 1018 AH \/ 1609 n. l., v ktorom varoval moslimov v \u0160panielsku, aby do 72 hod\u00edn opustili kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 \u00fazemia. V tom \u010dase to nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010delom rozhodnutia bolo vyhladi\u0165 posledn\u00fdch zost\u00e1vaj\u00facich moslimov.
T\u00e1to krvav\u00e1 trag\u00e9dia trvala desa\u0165 mesiacov, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch bolo zabit\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 400 000 moslimov. Zvy\u0161ok utiekol do Maroka a Al\u017e\u00edrska a niektor\u00ed z nich zo strachu konvertovali na kres\u0165anstvo.
Ke\u010f Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1h, posledn\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Granady, nast\u00fapil na svoju lo\u010f a opustil islamsk\u00fa Granadu, l\u00fa\u010diac sa s Andal\u00faziou po \u00f4smich storo\u010diach \u017eivota v tieni islamu, v tejto n\u00e1silnej dramatickej situ\u00e1cii Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1h oplak\u00e1val svoje straten\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo a od svojej matky dostal slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 si hist\u00f3ria zachovala: \u201ePla\u010dte ako \u017eeny za kr\u00e1\u013eovstvom, ktor\u00e9 ste nechr\u00e1nili tak, ako to robia mu\u017ei.\u201c
Pravdou je, \u017ee t\u00fdmito jeho slovami ho matka fackovala a fackovala mnoh\u00fdch vl\u00e1dcov v islame, ktor\u00ed plakali ako \u017eeny nad kr\u00e1\u013eom, ktor\u00e9ho nechr\u00e1nili tak, ako by to robili mu\u017ei!

Pre\u010do sme boli skvel\u00ed
Kniha (Nezabudnute\u013en\u00e9 krajiny) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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