{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21855\" class=\"elementor elementor-21855\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4c04cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d4c04cf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1779729f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1779729f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">22. decembra 2013<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Akcie, ktor\u00e9 treba vykona\u0165 pre tento pr\u00edspevok\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\">Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a<br class=\"html-br\" \/>(699 \u2013 1342 AH \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 AD)<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a hrdo stoj\u00ed uprostred \u013eudsk\u00fdch dej\u00edn, niesla z\u00e1stavu islamu viac ako \u0161es\u0165 storo\u010d\u00ed, dobyla Eur\u00f3pu a \u00c1ziu a zalo\u017eila ve\u013ek\u00fd islamsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t. Kri\u017eiacka Eur\u00f3pa sa jej po st\u00e1ro\u010dia b\u00e1la a desila a Eur\u00f3pa sa na\u010falej pripravovala na jej odstr\u00e1nenie, \u010dakaj\u00fac na pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 za pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou. Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a a jej vodcovia im v\u0161ak zasadili ranu za ranou, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa Osmani nezr\u00fatili, neopustili prav\u00fa islamsk\u00fa vl\u00e1du a neprijali prostriedky moci. Kri\u017eiacka Eur\u00f3pa sa na nich vrhla, roztrhala ich a \u0161\u00edrila slobodomur\u00e1rstvo medzi jeho ml\u00e1de\u017eou a vodcami, a\u017e k\u00fdm Osmansk\u00fd kalif\u00e1t nepadol a nebol zru\u0161en\u00fd rukami Mustafu Kemala Atat\u00fcrka.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a bola krajinou s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom islamsk\u00fdch v\u00fdbojov po Umajjovskej r\u00ed\u0161i. Osmani obnovili v\u00fdzvu na d\u017eih\u00e1d a dob\u00fdvanie a spustili v\u00fdboje v Eur\u00f3pe a \u010dastiach Malej \u00c1zie. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm z t\u00fdchto v\u00fdbojov bolo dobytie Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu sult\u00e1nom Mehmedom Dobyvate\u013eom v roku 857 AH \/ 1453 n. l. Osmansk\u00e9mu kalif\u00e1tu sa pripisuje aj dobytie strednej Eur\u00f3py, ke\u010f\u017ee Osmani dobyli Balk\u00e1n v roku 756 AH \/ 1355 n. l. a v\u0161etky krajiny strednej Eur\u00f3py sa im postupne podrobili. Bulharsko bolo dobyt\u00e9 v roku 774 AH \/ 1372 n. l., Srbsko bolo dobyt\u00e9 v roku 788 AH \/ 1386 n. l., Bosna a Hercegovina v roku 792 AH \/ 1389 n. l., ako aj Chorv\u00e1tsko, Alb\u00e1nsko, Belehrad a Ma\u010farsko. Osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy veden\u00e9 sult\u00e1nom Sulejmanom Ve\u013ekolep\u00fdm dosiahli hradby Viedne a obliehali ju v roku 936 AH \/ 1529 n. l., ale nedok\u00e1zali ju doby\u0165. Podobne, o viac ako stop\u00e4\u0165desiat rokov nesk\u00f4r, osmansk\u00e9 vojsk\u00e1 obliehali Viede\u0148 v roku 1094 AH \/ 1683 n. l. za vl\u00e1dy sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto \u00fazem\u00ed zostala v ruk\u00e1ch moslimov a podliehala Osmansk\u00e9mu kalif\u00e1tu po\u010das cel\u00e9ho obdobia jeho moci. Postupne sa v\u0161ak za\u010dali rozpada\u0165, ke\u010f Osmansk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a vst\u00fapila do obdobia slabosti. Do roku 1337 AH (1918 n. l.) u\u017e Osmansk\u00fd kalif\u00e1t nemal na eur\u00f3pskom kontinente \u017eiadne in\u00e9 \u00fazemie okrem mesta Istanbul. Dlhodob\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto eur\u00f3pskych regi\u00f3nov pod Osmansk\u00fdm kalif\u00e1tom znamenala, \u017ee cel\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny sa stali moslimsk\u00fdmi, ako napr\u00edklad Maced\u00f3nsko, Alb\u00e1nsko, Bosna a Hercegovina a ve\u013ek\u00e9 moslimsk\u00e9 komunity v Bulharsku, Rumunsku a \u010ciernej Hore.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Konverzia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny obyvate\u013eov oblast\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Osmanmi na islam je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 spravodliv\u00fdm a rovnak\u00fdm zaobch\u00e1dzan\u00edm Osmanov s moslimsk\u00fdm obyvate\u013estvom. Slab\u00fd, chudobn\u00fd dedin\u010dan sa mohol v Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161i dosta\u0165 na najvy\u0161\u0161ie a najvplyvnej\u0161ie poz\u00edcie, \u010do bola forma soci\u00e1lnej spravodlivosti, ktor\u00e1 bola v s\u00fadob\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych spolo\u010dnostiach nemo\u017en\u00e1. Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 nahradila konflikty a chaos v t\u00fdchto regi\u00f3noch a Eur\u00f3pa \u0165a\u017eila z prec\u00edznej organiz\u00e1cie osmanskej arm\u00e1dy a jej administrat\u00edvnych syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sa spoliehali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na efekt\u00edvnos\u0165. St\u00fapenci in\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev, ako napr\u00edklad kres\u0165anstvo a judaizmus, sa v regi\u00f3noch ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Osmanmi po nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed te\u0161ili \u0161tedr\u00e9mu zaobch\u00e1dzaniu, \u010doho \u00fa\u010dinky s\u00fa jasne zrejm\u00e9 v sp\u00f4sobe, ak\u00fdm si tieto komunity zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa svoje jazyky, kult\u00fary a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 dodnes.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Z knihy \u201eNezabudnute\u013en\u00e9 krajiny\u201c od majora Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(699 \u2013 1342 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 \u0645)\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21855"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}