{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"C\u0103derea Granadei"},"content":{"rendered":"
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28 februarie 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

C\u0103derea Granadei

Supravie\u021buirea Regatului Islamic al Granadei \u00een Andaluzia timp de dou\u0103 secole a fost un miracol al Islamului.
Aceast\u0103 insul\u0103 islamic\u0103 plutind deasupra m\u0103rii turbulente a cruciadelor, plin\u0103 de ur\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciune istoric\u0103, nu \u0219i-ar fi putut p\u0103stra faimoasa statornicie dec\u00e2t pentru c\u0103 natura statorniciei rezid\u0103 \u00een credin\u021ba \u0219i principiile islamice. F\u0103r\u0103 credin\u021ba islamic\u0103, aceast\u0103 insul\u0103 nu ar fi putut s\u0103 se men\u021bin\u0103 \u00een Andaluzia dup\u0103 ce toate ora\u0219ele \u0219i fort\u0103re\u021bele islamice c\u0103zuser\u0103 acum dou\u0103 secole.
Legea r\u0103spunsului la provocare a fost cea care a men\u021binut Granada vie \u0219i plin\u0103 de g\u00e2ndire islamic\u0103 \u0219i progres cultural timp de aceste dou\u0103 secole. Sentimentul granadinilor c\u0103 se confruntau cu un inamic care \u00eei \u00eenconjura din toate p\u0103r\u021bile, a\u0219tept\u00e2nd oportunitatea de a-i devora \u0219i c\u0103 nu aveau nicio speran\u021b\u0103 de a importa victoria din lumea islamic\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 trebuiau s\u0103 se bazeze pe ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i, acest sentiment a fost cea mai mare motiva\u021bie a lor pentru preg\u0103tirea constant\u0103, ridicarea steagului jihadului \u0219i aderarea la islamul lor.
Astfel, Granada a reu\u0219it s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 897 AH \/ 1492 d.Hr., doamna Andaluziei islamice, farul \u0219tiin\u021bei \u0219i flac\u0103ra civiliza\u021biei islamice r\u0103mase \u00een Europa.
Cu toate acestea, anii din jurul toamnei au fost martorii unei dezvolt\u0103ri \u00een via\u021ba andaluz\u0103. La nivel cre\u0219tin, a \u00eenceput o mare uniune \u00eentre cele mai mari dou\u0103 regate cre\u0219tine ostile islamului, \u0219i anume regatele Aragonului \u0219i Castiliei. Cele dou\u0103 s-au contopit \u00eentr-o uniune care a culminat cu c\u0103s\u0103toria Isabelei, regina Castiliei, cu Ferdinand, regele Aragonului. Visul care i-a b\u00e2ntuit pe cei doi regali catolici \u00een noaptea nun\u021bii lor era s\u0103 intre \u00een Granada, s\u0103-\u0219i petreac\u0103 luna de miere \u00een Alhambra \u0219i s\u0103 ridice crucea deasupra turnului de veghe al Granadei. La nivel islamic, o disput\u0103 major\u0103 izbucnise \u00een Regatul Granadei, \u00een special \u00eentre membrii familiei conduc\u0103toare. Regatul Granadei, limitat, era \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi, fiecare amenin\u021b\u00e2ndu-se pe cealalt\u0103 \u0219i st\u00e2nd \u00een calea ei. O parte se afla \u00een marea capital\u0103, Granada, condus\u0103 de Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ali Abu al-Hasan al-Nasri (ultimul rege al Granadei), iar cealalt\u0103 parte se afla \u00een Wadi Ash \u0219i periferia sa, condus\u0103 de unchiul s\u0103u, Abu Abdullah Muhammad, cunoscut sub numele de al-Zaghal.
Cei doi regi catolici au \u00eenceput atacul asupra Wadi Ash \u00een anul 894 AH \/ 1489 d.Hr. \u0219i au reu\u0219it s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 Wadi Ash, Almeria, Basta \u0219i altele, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea se aflau la periferia ora\u0219ului Granada.
Ei au trimis un mesaj sultanului Abu Abdullah Al-Nasri, cer\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 predea \u00eenfloritorul ora\u0219 Alhambra \u0219i s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 \u00een Granada sub protec\u021bia sa. A\u0219a cum este obiceiul regilor care sunt m\u0103cel\u0103ri\u021bi de istorie pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce aceasta se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103, acest rege a fost slab \u0219i nu a \u021binut cont de acea zi. \u0218tia c\u0103 aceast\u0103 cerere \u00eensemna predarea ultimului dintre regatele islamice din Andaluzia, a\u0219a c\u0103 a refuzat cererea. R\u0103zboiul a izbucnit \u00eentre musulmani \u0219i cre\u0219tini \u0219i a continuat timp de doi ani. A fost condus \u0219i a aprins zelul \u00een sufletele lupt\u0103torilor de c\u0103tre un cavaler islamic dintre cei care apar ca str\u0103lucirea soarelui \u00eenainte de apus: Musa ibn Abi Al-Ghassan.
Datorit\u0103 acestui cavaler \u0219i altora ca el, Granada s-a opus regilor catolici timp de doi ani \u0219i a \u00eendurat asediul lor timp de \u0219apte luni. Cu toate acestea, nu exista nicio \u00eendoial\u0103 cu privire la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul conflictului. Abu Abdullah, al c\u0103rui regat nu a fost p\u0103strat de b\u0103rba\u021bi, \u0219i diviziunea familial\u0103 \u0219i conflictele interne din regat, \u00een contrast cu unitatea complet\u0103 pe frontul cre\u0219tin, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 recolta unei lungi istorii de pierderi, na\u021bionalism preislamic \u0219i conflicte departe de Islam, pe care Granada a tr\u0103it-o \u0219i a mo\u0219tenit-o din ceea ce a mo\u0219tenit de la regatele islamice spaniole dec\u0103zute.
To\u021bi ace\u0219ti factori au contribuit la stingerea ultimei lum\u00e2n\u0103ri islamice din Andaluzia, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd regii spanioli Ferdinand \u0219i Isabella au reu\u0219it s\u0103 cucereasc\u0103 Granada dup\u0103 capitularea acesteia de c\u0103tre sultanul Abu Abdullah al-Nasri \u00een anul 897 AH, corespunz\u00e2nd datei de 2 ianuarie 1492 d.Hr. Sute de mii de musulmani au r\u0103mas \u00een Andaluzia, dat fiind c\u0103 acordul de capitulare prevedea libertatea civil\u0103 pentru musulmani, p\u0103strarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor lor \u0219i posibilitatea de a tr\u0103i ca cet\u0103\u021beni. Cu toate acestea, spaniolii au \u00eenceput cur\u00e2nd s\u0103 persecute musulmanii \u0219i s\u0103-i for\u021beze s\u0103 se converteasc\u0103 la cre\u0219tinism \u00een ceea ce este cunoscut sub numele de Inchizi\u021bie. Musulmanii s-au revoltat \u0219i au \u00eencercat s\u0103 reziste spaniolilor, dar \u00een cele din urm\u0103 au fost for\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 Andaluzia. La o sut\u0103 dou\u0103zeci de ani dup\u0103 c\u0103derea Granadei, nu mai existau musulmani \u00een Spania \u0219i Portugalia, dup\u0103 emiterea unui decret regal \u00een Spania \u00een numele lui Filip al III-lea \u00een anul 1018 AH \/ 1609 d.Hr., prin care acesta i-a avertizat pe musulmanii din Spania s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2nturile regale \u00een termen de 72 de ore. Acest lucru era imposibil la acea vreme, iar scopul deciziei era exterminarea ultimilor musulmani r\u0103ma\u0219i.
Aceast\u0103 tragedie s\u00e2ngeroas\u0103 a durat zece luni, timp \u00een care aproximativ 400.000 de musulmani au fost uci\u0219i. Restul au fugit \u00een Maroc \u0219i Algeria, iar unii dintre ei s-au convertit la cre\u0219tinism de fric\u0103.
C\u00e2nd Abu Abdullah, ultimul rege al Granadei, s-a \u00eembarcat pe corabia sa, p\u0103r\u0103sind Granada islamic\u0103, lu\u00e2ndu-\u0219i r\u0103mas bun de la Andaluzia dup\u0103 opt secole de via\u021b\u0103 sub umbra islamului, \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie dramatic\u0103 \u0219i violent\u0103, Abu Abdullah a pl\u00e2ns pentru regatul s\u0103u pierdut \u0219i a primit de la mama sa cuvintele pe care istoria le-a p\u0103strat: \u201ePl\u00e2nge\u021bi ca femeile pentru un regat pe care nu l-a\u021bi protejat a\u0219a cum fac b\u0103rba\u021bii.\u201d
Adev\u0103rul este c\u0103, cu acele cuvinte ale sale, mama lui \u00eel p\u0103lmuia \u0219i p\u0103lmuia mul\u021bi conduc\u0103tori din Islam care pl\u00e2ngeau ca femeile pentru un rege pe care nu-l protejau a\u0219a cum ar fi f\u0103cut-o b\u0103rba\u021bii!

De ce am fost grozavi
Cartea (\u021a\u0103ri de neuitat) de Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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