{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Imperiul Otoman"},"content":{"rendered":"
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22 decembrie 2013<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Imperiul Otoman
(699 \u2013 1342 AH \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 AD)
Imperiul Otoman se afl\u0103 m\u00e2ndru \u00een mijlocul istoriei umane, purt\u00e2nd steagul Islamului timp de peste \u0219ase secole, cucerind Europa \u0219i Asia \u0219i stabilind un stat m\u0103re\u021b pentru Islam. Europa cruciat\u0103 s-a temut \u0219i s-a \u00eengrozit de el timp de secole, iar Europa a continuat s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 s\u0103-l elimine, a\u0219tept\u00e2nd oportunitate dup\u0103 oportunitate. Cu toate acestea, Imperiul Otoman \u0219i liderii s\u0103i le-au dat lovitur\u0103 dup\u0103 lovitur\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd, c\u00e2nd otomanii s-au pr\u0103bu\u0219it, au abandonat adev\u0103rata st\u0103p\u00e2nire islamic\u0103 \u0219i au adoptat mijloacele puterii, Europa cruciat\u0103 s-a n\u0103pustit asupra lor, i-a sf\u00e2\u0219iat \u0219i a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit francmasoneria printre tineri \u0219i lideri, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Califatul Otoman a c\u0103zut \u0219i a fost abolit de m\u00e2na lui Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
Imperiul Otoman a fost \u021bara cu cele mai multe cuceriri islamice dup\u0103 Imperiul Omeia. Otomanii au re\u00eennoit apelul la jihad \u0219i cucerire \u0219i au lansat cuceriri \u00een Europa \u0219i \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi ale Asiei Mici. Cea mai important\u0103 dintre aceste cuceriri a fost cucerirea Constantinopolului de c\u0103tre sultanul Mehmed Cuceritorul \u00een 857 AH \/ 1453 d.Hr. Califatul otoman este, de asemenea, creditat cu cucerirea Europei Centrale, deoarece otomanii au cucerit Balcanii \u00een 756 AH \/ 1355 d.Hr., iar toate \u021b\u0103rile din Europa Central\u0103 li s-au supus una dup\u0103 alta. Bulgaria a fost cucerit\u0103 \u00een 774 AH \/ 1372 d.Hr., Serbia a fost cucerit\u0103 \u00een 788 AH \/ 1386 d.Hr., Bosnia \u0219i Her\u021begovina \u00een 792 AH \/ 1389 d.Hr., precum \u0219i Croa\u021bia, Albania, Belgradul \u0219i Ungaria. Armatele otomane, conduse de sultanul Soliman Magnificul, au ajuns la zidurile Vienei \u0219i au asediat-o \u00een 936 AH \/ 1529 d.Hr., dar nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 o cucereasc\u0103. De asemenea, mai bine de o sut\u0103 cincizeci de ani mai t\u00e2rziu, armatele otomane au asediat Viena \u00een 1094 AH \/ 1683 d.Hr., \u00een timpul domniei sultanului Mehmed al IV-lea.
Majoritatea acestor teritorii au r\u0103mas \u00een m\u00e2inile musulmanilor \u0219i supuse Califatului Otoman pe toat\u0103 perioada sa de putere. Cu toate acestea, acestea au \u00eenceput treptat s\u0103 se destrame pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce Imperiul Otoman a intrat \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de sl\u0103biciune. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 1337 AH (1918 d.Hr.), Califatul Otoman nu mai avea niciun alt teritoriu r\u0103mas pe continentul european, cu excep\u021bia ora\u0219ului Istanbul. Prezen\u021ba prelungit\u0103 a acestor regiuni europene sub Califatul Otoman a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 regiuni \u00eentregi au devenit majoritar musulmane, cum ar fi Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia \u0219i Her\u021begovina, \u0219i comunit\u0103\u021bi musulmane mari \u00een Bulgaria, Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Muntenegru.
Convertirea majorit\u0103\u021bii locuitorilor regiunilor controlate de otomani la islam se datoreaz\u0103 tratamentului just \u0219i egal aplicat de otomani popula\u021biei musulmane. Un s\u0103tean slab \u0219i s\u0103rac putea ajunge \u00een cele mai \u00eenalte \u0219i influente pozi\u021bii din Imperiul Otoman, o form\u0103 de justi\u021bie social\u0103 imposibil\u0103 \u00een societ\u0103\u021bile europene contemporane. Securitatea a \u00eenlocuit conflictul \u0219i haosul \u00een aceste regiuni, iar Europa a beneficiat de organizarea meticuloas\u0103 a armatei otomane \u0219i a sistemelor sale administrative, care se bazau \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pe eficien\u021b\u0103. Adep\u021bii altor religii, precum cre\u0219tinismul \u0219i iudaismul, s-au bucurat, de asemenea, de un tratament generos \u00een regiunile conduse de otomani timp de mai multe secole, ale c\u0103rui efecte sunt clar evidente \u00een modul \u00een care aceste comunit\u0103\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 limbile, culturile \u0219i religiile p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre.

Din cartea \u201e\u021a\u0103ri de neuitat\u201d de maiorul Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(699 \u2013 1342 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 \u0645)\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}