{"id":21865,"date":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21865"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","slug":"gfhgfsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/my\/archives\/21865","title":{"rendered":"Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1016\u1031\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e \u1042\u104a \u1042\u1040\u1041\u1044<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi

\u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a Al-Nasir Abu Al-Muzaffar Yusuf bin Ayyub bin Shadhi bin Marwan \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Levant \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Ayyubid \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101b\u1032\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1030\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u104f \u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102c\u101b\u102d\u1010\u1039\u1010\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102f\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1039\u1005\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1019\u103e \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1027\u101b\u102c\u1019\u1005\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104f \u1011\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1036\u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 Saladin Al-Ayyubi \u104a \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Hattin \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u104f\u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u104f\u104b
Saladin \u1000\u102d\u102f 532 AH \/ 1138 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Tikrit \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1037\u1012\u103a\u1019\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1019\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1016\u1001\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a Behrouz \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038 Tikrit Citadel \u104f\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1026\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1038 Asad ad-Din Shirkuh \u101e\u100a\u103a Mosul \u104f\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030 Nur ad-Din Zengid \u104f\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u1030\u1038\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c Saladin Yusuf ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub ibn Shadhi \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1016\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102e\u1000\u101b\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103d\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1015\u1004\u103a\u104a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1016\u1001\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1036\u1019\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1000 "\u1012\u102e\u1019\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u101c\u1031\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102d\u1010\u102c\u101c\u1032?"
Najm al-Din Ayyub \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 Tikrit \u1019\u103e Mosul \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1002\u102f\u100f\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c Imad al-Din Zengi \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1030\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u101c\u1031\u1038\u104a Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1002\u102f\u100f\u103a\u1021\u101e\u101b\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1000\u102c \u101e\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1000\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u101b\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101f\u1012\u102e\u1038\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u101b\u1017\u102e\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1019\u103b\u103e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036 \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 Salah al-Din
Saladin \u1019\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a Fatimid Caliphate \u104f\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000 \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1030\u101b\u1000\u102e\u1019\u103e \u1019\u1019\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1001\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1006\u1030\u1012\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1002\u102d\u102f\u100f\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u101e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Fatimid Caliph \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000 \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 Nur ad-Din Mahmud \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a Crusader \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1018\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b Nur ad-Din Mahmud \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1010\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030 Asad ad-Din Shirkuh \u104f\u1000\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1012\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1000\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a Asad ad-Din Shirkuh \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103d\u102c\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c Asad ad-Din \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a Saladin \u1000 \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1000 \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1010\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Batiniyya \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f Sunni \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a Nasiriyya School \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Kamiliyya School \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b 566 AH \/ 1171 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Fatimid Caliph Al-Adid \u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u104a Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Al-Mustadi Al-Abbassi Caliph \u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d Fatimid Caliphate \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Abbasid Caliphate \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a Nur al-Din \u104f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103e\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1039\u1005\u101c\u102c\u1019\u1037\u103a Caliphate \u104f\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1011\u1032\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u104f \u1021\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1018\u1032\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b
Nur ad-Din Mahmud \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Nur ad-Din \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Nubia\u104a Yemen \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Barqa \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1005\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1030\u104f\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
Nur ad-Din Mahmud \u101e\u100a\u103a Shawwal 569 AH \/ 1174 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Levant \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c Saladin \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u103b\u1005\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Nur ad-Din \u101e\u1031\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a Levant \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1012\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1000\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1001\u103b\u102e\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Nur ad-Din \u104f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a Levant \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1000\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101f\u102f\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u104f Sultan \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Levant \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1007\u1014\u1039\u1012\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u104f \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d Nubia \u1019\u103e \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d Cyrenaica \u1019\u103e \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102e\u1038\u101a\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1018\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d Jazira \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Mosul \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
Saladin \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Jihad
Saladin\u104a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104a \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1012\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f \u101e\u1010\u1039\u1010\u101d\u102b\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a Imam Al-Dhahabi \u1000 Al-Seer \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a- "\u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1012\u103a\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101d\u102b\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1016\u1030\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1004\u103a\u104b"
\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1001\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1015\u102b\u104a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1019\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u104a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 Baha' al-Din \u1000 \u1024\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u2013 "\u101c\u1030\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1011\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1010\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1000\u101a\u103a\u104d \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u101c\u103d\u1032\u104d \u1002\u103b\u102e\u101f\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103d\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a dinar \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a dirham \u1019\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u104a
\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102e\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b "Ibn al-Qayyim, \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1001\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u104a \u1006\u102c\u101c\u102c\u1021\u101c\u103a-\u1012\u1004\u103a" \u1000 "\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u1019\u103e\u102e\u1015\u102b \u104b \u101d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u102c\u101a\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103e \u1021\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a \u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1030 \u104a \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101a\u103e\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030\u104b\u201d
\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a Saladin \u104f\u1018\u101d\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a "Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh" \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1017\u103a\u1014\u102f\u1021\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a-\u1021\u102c\u101e\u102e\u101b\u103a\u104f \u1021\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102f\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c \u1042\u1042\u1040 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1010\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101f\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1001\u1036\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032
Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a Levant \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1032\u1037\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102c \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1019\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1032\u1019\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f\u101e\u1010\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1036\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u103c\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c 573 AH \/ November 25, 1177 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Montgisard \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1018\u1032 Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102c \u101c\u102f\u101a\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Baldwin VI \u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u104a Raynald \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Knights Templar \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e Frankish \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 575 AH \/ 1179 AD Marj Ayun \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Baldwin \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1000\u102c \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Jacob's Bay \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1036\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a 576 AH \/ 1180 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Saladin \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1001\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1032\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102c\u104f \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102c\u101c\u102c\u1012\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101b\u1031\u1014\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u101b\u1031\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101a\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a 577 AH \/ 1182 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Beirut \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1018\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1038 30 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1014\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1000\u1039\u1000\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1012\u102e\u1014\u102c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1001\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a 1183 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 1184 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a Raynald \u104f \u1021\u1019\u102c\u1001\u1036\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031 Karak \u1001\u1036\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b 581 AH \/ 1185 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 Raynald \u1000 \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
\u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038
\u1021\u1031\u1012\u102e 583 AH \/ 1187 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u104f\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a Saladin \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a Saladin \u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a Rabi' al-Akhir 24, 583 AH \/ July 4, 1187 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Hattin \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Crusader \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Saladin \u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1021\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f King al-Adil \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u101b\u102e\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102e\u104f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f Acre\u104a Beirut\u104a Sidon\u104a Jaffa\u104a Caesarea \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Ashkelon \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u104f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u104f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1021\u1031\u1012\u102e \u1041\u1041\u1048\u1047 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101c \u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Saladin \u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1004\u101a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1030 \u1046\u1040,\u1040\u1040\u1040 \u104f\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1012\u100f\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u104b \u1001\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Rajab 27, 583 AH \/ October 12, 1187 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1036\u1001\u102b\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Sultan Saladin \u104f \u1021\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1011\u1030\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
Saladin \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u102c\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u102e\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u1030\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u100a\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u102c\u100a\u103e\u102c\u101e\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101c\u102f\u101a\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101a\u1030\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1019\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u1031\u104b
Lionheart Richard \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032
\u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Saladin \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101f\u102f \u101c\u1030\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1005\u103a\u104f \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u1038\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1000\u102c \u1010\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u1021\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a- \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u1014\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a Richard the Lionheart\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a Philip Augustus; \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Frederick Barbarossa \u104a \u1002\u103b\u102c\u1019\u1014\u102e\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1019\u1027\u1000\u101b\u102c\u1007\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u101b\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a 587 AH \/ 1191 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c Acre \u104f \u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1036\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u101c\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101c 7 \u101b\u1000\u103a 1191 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Saladin \u104f\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a Arsuf \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Richard \u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c Crusader \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Saladin \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1001\u101b\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1002\u103b\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b 587 AH \/ 1192 AD \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a Richard \u101e\u100a\u103a Saladin \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Ramla \u1005\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem \u1000\u102d\u102f Jaffa \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Tyre \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1005\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u1031\u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1001\u101b\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u101b\u1005\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104b
Saladin \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Richard \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b Richard \u1016\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u1019\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u102b Saladin \u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u102c\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1021\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1036\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u1031\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Richard \u101e\u100a\u103a Arsuf \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030\u104f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b Saladin \u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
Saladin \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Richard \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a messenger \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
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Major Tamer Badr \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1019\u1031\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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