{"id":21973,"date":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21973"},"modified":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","slug":"tysrfgd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21973","title":{"rendered":"V\u012bnes aplenkums un Valsts nodev\u012bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019. gada 18. marts<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

V\u012bnes aplenkums<\/strong>
un valsts nodev\u012bbu<\/strong>

Austr\u0101lie\u0161u terorists uz \u0161autenes, ar kuru vi\u0146\u0161 mo\u0161ej\u0101 nogalin\u0101ja 49 neapbru\u0146otus musulma\u0146us, uzrakst\u012bja: \u201cV\u012bne 1683.\u201d Protams, 90% no musulma\u0146iem, kas las\u012bja \u0161os v\u0101rdus, nezin\u0101ja, ko tie noz\u012bm\u0113. T\u0101p\u0113c izlas\u012bsim t\u0113mu \u201cV\u012bne 1683\u201d un to, k\u0101p\u0113c \u0161is Austr\u0101lijas terorists to uzrakst\u012bja uz savas \u0161autenes.

V\u012bnes kauja notika 1683. gada 12. septembr\u012b \/ 1094. gada Ramad\u0101na 20. datum\u0101. P\u0113c tam, kad Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija divus m\u0113ne\u0161us bija aplenkusi V\u012bni, kauja salauza Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijas kundz\u012bbu Eirop\u0101, jo Polijas kara\u013ca J\u0101\u0146a III Sobieska vad\u012btie po\u013cu, v\u0101cu un austrie\u0161u sp\u0113ki kauj\u0101 uzvar\u0113ja Osma\u0146u armiju, kuru vad\u012bja Osma\u0146u sp\u0113ku komandieris lielvez\u012brs Kara Mustafa.

Osma\u0146i un V\u012bne<\/strong>
V\u012bnes iekaro\u0161ana jau sen bija Osma\u0146u sult\u0101nu sapnis, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 t\u0101s strat\u0113\u0123isko noz\u012bmi tirdzniec\u012bbas un transporta ce\u013cu kontrol\u0113\u0161an\u0101 Eiropas sird\u012b. Katru reizi osma\u0146i bija apmierin\u0101ti ar atgrie\u0161anos no V\u012bnes m\u016briem, ieguvu\u0161i bag\u0101t\u012bbu un, iesp\u0113jams, jaunas Austrumeiropas vai Centr\u0101leiropas da\u013cas saska\u0146\u0101 ar l\u012bgumiem ar Austrijas imp\u0113riju.
Pirmais aplenkums notika Suleimana I Lielisk\u0101 laik\u0101, pusotru gadsimtu iepriek\u0161, p\u0113c tam, kad vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0113c uzvaras p\u0101r ung\u0101riem briesm\u012bgaj\u0101 Moh\u0101\u010das kauj\u0101 bija ielauzies Eirop\u0101. Lielisk\u0101 karasp\u0113ks ien\u0101ca Ung\u0101rijas galvaspils\u0113t\u0101 Budape\u0161t\u0101 932. gada Dhu al-Hid\u017e\u0101 3. datum\u0101 \/ 1526. gada 10. septembr\u012b, padarot (M\u012brest\u0101nu) par v\u0113l vienu Osma\u0146u provinci un nodibinot absol\u016btu osma\u0146u kontroli Centr\u0101leirop\u0101 un Austrumeirop\u0101.
1683. gad\u0101 turki otro reizi aplenca V\u012bni, bet gr\u0101fam \u0160tarhambergam izdev\u0101s atsist turkus kauj\u0101 pie K\u0101lenberga kalna. P\u0113c tam 1686. gad\u0101 vi\u0146i atguva Budape\u0161tu no Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijas p\u0113c 145 gadiem, kad Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija bija kontrol\u0113jusi Budape\u0161tu.

Pirms kaujas<\/strong>
V\u0101cija sacent\u0101s ar osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju Ung\u0101rij\u0101 un Slov\u0101kij\u0101, un Osma\u0146u lielvez\u012brs bija aiz\u0146emts ar domu dot sp\u0113c\u012bgu triecienu, lai aptur\u0113tu V\u0101cijas iejauk\u0161anos Ung\u0101rijas liet\u0101s. Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a pierun\u0101ja Osma\u0146u sult\u0101nu Mehmedu IV un imperatora div\u0101nu (Ministru padomi) pieteikt karu V\u0101cijai. Lielvez\u012brs Ahmeds Pa\u0161a K\u00f6pr\u00fclu dev\u0101s ce\u013c\u0101 no Edirnes un ierad\u0101s Ung\u0101rij\u0101 aptuveni 120\u00a0000 karav\u012bru lielas armijas priek\u0161gal\u0101, kas bija apr\u012bkota ar lielgabaliem un mun\u012bciju, kas bija uzmont\u0113ta uz 60\u00a0000 kamie\u013cu un 10\u00a0000 m\u016b\u013cu. Vi\u0146\u0161 ieg\u0101ja Slov\u0101kij\u0101, izn\u012bcinot visus milit\u0101ros nocietin\u0101jumus sav\u0101 ce\u013c\u0101, virzoties uz Nohzelas pili, kas atrodas uz zieme\u013crietumiem no Budape\u0161tas, aptuveni 110\u00a0km uz austrumiem no V\u012bnes un 80\u00a0km no Bratislavas. V\u0101cie\u0161i to bija nocietin\u0101ju\u0161i, padarot to \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi nocietin\u0101tu, k\u013c\u016bstot par vienu no sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kajiem cietok\u0161\u0146iem Eirop\u0101. Osma\u0146u armija s\u0101ka aplenkumu 1663.\u00a0gada 17.\u00a0august\u0101 \/ 13.\u00a0muharram\u0101 1074.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus.
Osma\u0146u pils aplenkums ilga 37 dienas, piespie\u017eot pils garnizona komandieri piepras\u012bt t\u0101s pado\u0161anos. Lielvez\u012brs tam piekrita ar nosac\u012bjumu, ka garnizons evaku\u0113s pili bez iero\u010diem un mun\u012bcijas. \u0160\u012b kampa\u0146a izrais\u012bja milz\u012bgu sa\u0161utumu Eirop\u0101, iedve\u0161ot bailes un paniku t\u0101s kara\u013cu sird\u012bs kopum\u0101. P\u0113c \u0161\u012bs varen\u0101s pils pado\u0161an\u0101s aptuveni 30 Austrijas pilis padev\u0101s Osma\u0146u armijai.
\u0160is lielais iekarojums noveda pie Ahmeda K\u00f6pr\u00fclu armijas virz\u012b\u0161an\u0101s uz priek\u0161u, iekarojot Mor\u0101vijas (\u010cehoslov\u0101kij\u0101) un Sil\u0113zijas re\u0123ionus Centr\u0101leirop\u0101.

Kara padome<\/strong>
Lielvez\u012brs Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a sasauca sav\u0101 armij\u0101 kara padomi un pazi\u0146oja, ka ie\u0146ems V\u012bni un tur dikt\u0113s savus nosac\u012bjumus V\u0101cijai. Vi\u0146\u0161 teica, ka Jangkales, pils\u0113tas, kas tiek uzskat\u012bta par V\u012bnes atsl\u0113gu un atrodas 80 km uz austrumiem no V\u012bnes Rabas upes rietumu krast\u0101, ie\u0146em\u0161ana nepak\u013caus V\u0101ciju un ne\u013caus tai iejaukties Ung\u0101rijas liet\u0101s.
Kara Mustafas Pa\u0161as l\u0113mums izrais\u012bja apjukumu un str\u012bdus ministru vid\u016b. Ministrs Ibrahims Pa\u0161a iebilda, apgalvojot, ka sult\u0101na Mehmeda IV v\u0113lme bija ie\u0146emt Jangkalu un uzbrukt Centr\u0101leiropai ar Osma\u0146u komandas brig\u0101d\u0113m, un ka kampa\u0146a pret V\u012bni, visticam\u0101k, notiks n\u0101kamgad. Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a atbild\u0113ja, ka armijai ir gr\u016bti atkal sapulc\u0113ties ar t\u0101du bl\u012bvumu un sp\u0113ku, un ka \u0161im jaut\u0101jumam nepiecie\u0161ams sp\u0113c\u012bgs, iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161s trieciens v\u0101cie\u0161iem, pret\u0113j\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 kar\u0161 ar vi\u0146iem ieilgtu, jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c, ka V\u0101cija ir nosl\u0113gusi miera l\u012bgumu ar Franciju un ir dro\u0161a rietumu pus\u0113, un ka imperators Leopolds ir vienojies ar Polijas karali Sobieski par Padoli re\u0123iona atjauno\u0161anu, un ka \u0161aj\u0101 l\u012bgum\u0101 j\u0101iek\u013cauj Ven\u0113cija, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Krievija un p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s Eiropas valstis pievienosies \u0161ai krist\u012bgajai aliansei l\u012bdz\u0101s V\u0101cijai. Tas pras\u012bja to lauzt un izn\u012bcin\u0101t \u0161o topo\u0161o aliansi taj\u0101 gad\u0101, pret\u0113j\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 kar\u0161 ieilgtu uz nezin\u0101mu laiku.

Eiropas nost\u0101ja<\/strong>
Eiropas lielvalstis steidz\u0101s gl\u0101bt V\u012bni no kri\u0161anas. P\u0101vests pasludin\u0101ja krusta karu pret osma\u0146iem un pav\u0113l\u0113ja Polijas karalim Sobieskim lauzt l\u012bgumu ar osma\u0146iem. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b pav\u0113l\u0113ja Saksijas un Bav\u0101rijas v\u0101cu prin\u010diem, tuv\u0101kajiem Eiropas prin\u010diem, p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas \u0101tr\u0101k doties uz V\u012bni. Sapulc\u0113j\u0101s Eiropas armijas no Polijas, V\u0101cijas un Austrijas, kuru skaits bija 70\u00a0000 karav\u012bru. Lotringas hercogs atst\u0101ja visp\u0101r\u0113jo komandvad\u012bbu Polijas karalim J\u0101nim III Sobieskim. Vi\u0146u sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s darbi tika pabeigti piektdien, 11. septembr\u012b, p\u0113c tam, kad vi\u0146i uzskat\u012bja, ka V\u012bnes kri\u0161ana ir tikai da\u017eu dienu att\u0101lum\u0101. T\u0101p\u0113c eiropie\u0161i nol\u0113ma ar varu \u0161\u0137\u0113rsot Donas tiltu, kuru kontrol\u0113ja osma\u0146i, neatkar\u012bgi no izmaks\u0101m, jo kr\u0101jumus nevar\u0113ja pieg\u0101d\u0101t V\u012bnei, ne\u0161\u0137\u0113rsojot \u0161o tiltu.

nodev\u012bba<\/strong>
Kara Mustafa bija izvietojis lielus Osma\u0146u sp\u0113kus Krimas valdnieka Murada Karaja vad\u012bb\u0101 pie Donas tilta, vien\u012bg\u0101 ce\u013ca, kas veda uz V\u012bni no rietumiem, lai nov\u0113rstu eiropie\u0161u virz\u012bbu. Murads Karajs pav\u0113l\u0113ja tiltu nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 uzspridzin\u0101t.
Te notika kaut kas t\u0101ds, ko neviens, ne osma\u0146i, ne eiropie\u0161i, nebija gaid\u012bju\u0161i. Murads Karajs izdar\u012bja lielu isl\u0101ma un musulma\u0146u nodev\u012bbu, \u013caujot eiropie\u0161iem \u0161\u0137\u0113rsot tiltu bez c\u012b\u0146as. Tas bija saist\u012bts ar vi\u0146a naidu un naid\u012bgumu pret Karu Mustafu. Mustafa Pa\u0161a ien\u012bda Muradu Karaju un iztur\u0113j\u0101s pret vi\u0146u slikti. Savuk\u0101rt Murads uzskat\u012bja, ka Mustafas Pa\u0161as neveiksme V\u012bn\u0113 noved\u012bs pie vi\u0146a kri\u0161anas no varas un l\u012bdera amata. \u0160im nodev\u012bgajam l\u012bderim nekad neien\u0101ca pr\u0101t\u0101, ka osma\u0146u zaud\u0113jums V\u012bnei main\u012bs pasaules v\u0113stures gaitu. T\u0101p\u0113c Murads nol\u0113ma palikt v\u0113rot\u0101js, kam\u0113r Eiropas sp\u0113ki \u0161\u0137\u0113rso Donjas tiltu, lai p\u0101rtrauktu V\u012bnes aplenkumu, nekustinot ne pirksta. Turkl\u0101t Osma\u0146u armij\u0101 bija ministri un beji, kuri nev\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s, lai Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a k\u013c\u016btu par V\u012bnes iekarot\u0101ju, kur cieta neveiksmi sult\u0101ns Suleimans Lielais.

Iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161\u0101 c\u012b\u0146a<\/strong>
Sestdien, 1094. gada 20. Ramad\u0101n\u0101 \/ 1683. gada 12. septembr\u012b, abas armijas tik\u0101s pie V\u012bnes m\u016briem. Eiropie\u0161i bija priec\u012bgi, ka bija \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoju\u0161i Donnas tiltu, neizlejot ne asi\u0146u l\u0101si. Osma\u0146u armija bija p\u0101rsteigta, ieraugot eiropie\u0161us sev priek\u0161\u0101 p\u0113c Donnas tilta \u0161\u0137\u0113rso\u0161anas. Tom\u0113r Mustafa Pa\u0161a uzs\u0101ka pretuzbrukumu ar liel\u0101ko da\u013cu savu sp\u0113ku un da\u013cu no elites jani\u010d\u0101riem, lai iebruktu pils\u0113t\u0101. Turku komandieri bija iecer\u0113ju\u0161i ie\u0146emt V\u012bni pirms J\u0101\u0146a III Sobieska iera\u0161an\u0101s, ta\u010du laiks pietr\u016bka. Tobr\u012bd milit\u0101rie in\u017eenieri sagatavoja v\u0113l vienu lielu un p\u0113d\u0113jo spr\u0101dzienu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu piek\u013cuvi pils\u0113tai. Kam\u0113r turki steig\u0161us pabeidza savu darbu un aizz\u012bmogoja tuneli, lai spr\u0101dziens b\u016btu efekt\u012bv\u0101ks, austrie\u0161i p\u0113cpusdien\u0101 atkl\u0101ja alu. Viens no vi\u0146iem ieg\u0101ja tunel\u012b un tie\u0161i laik\u0101 neitraliz\u0113ja spr\u0101dzienu.
V\u0113l viena liela nodev\u012bba notika no Osma\u0146u armijas lab\u0101 sp\u0101rna komandiera Oglu Ibrahima puses, kad vi\u0146\u0161 atk\u0101p\u0101s no kaujas lauka. \u0160ai atk\u0101p\u0161anai bija visliel\u0101k\u0101 ietekme uz Osma\u0146u sak\u0101vi. Kara Mustafa sp\u0113ja organiz\u0113ti atk\u0101pties no kaujas lauka, un, atce\u013c\u0101 atgrie\u017eoties, Kara Mustafa sod\u012bja ar n\u0101vi gan Muradu Karaju, gan Oglu Ibrahimu, ta\u010du tas nepal\u012bdz\u0113ja vi\u0146am pie sult\u0101na Mehmeda IV, kur\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja vi\u0146u sod\u012bt ar n\u0101vi.
Kauj\u0101s krita aptuveni 15\u00a0000 Osma\u0146u v\u012brie\u0161u un gandr\u012bz 4000 eiropie\u0161u. Atk\u0101p\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 Osma\u0146u armija sag\u016bst\u012bja 81\u00a0000 ieslodz\u012bto, un aplenkums, kas ilga 59 dienas, beidz\u0101s.

Kaujas rezult\u0101ti<\/strong>
Osma\u0146u sak\u0101ve pie V\u012bnes m\u016briem bija pagrieziena punkts Osma\u0146u un Eiropas v\u0113stur\u0113. P\u0113c sak\u0101ves V\u012bn\u0113 Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija zaud\u0113ja savu impulsu uzbrukumam un ekspansijai Eirop\u0101. \u0160\u012b sak\u0101ve iez\u012bm\u0113ja strupce\u013cu Osma\u0146u v\u0113stur\u0113. Kristie\u0161u alianses armijas turpm\u0101kajos gadsimtos dev\u0101s iekarot da\u013cas Osma\u0146u teritorijas Eirop\u0101.

K\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s bij\u0101m lieliski<\/strong>
Tamera Badra gr\u0101mata (Neaizmirstamas dienas... Svar\u012bgas lappuses no isl\u0101ma v\u0113stures)\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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