{"id":21967,"date":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21967"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","slug":"sdfgsfg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21967","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u0101ns Murads II"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019. gada 14. marts<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sult\u0101ns Murads II<\/strong>

Vi\u0146\u0161 ir sult\u0101ns Murads II, ask\u0113tiskais sult\u0101ns, kur\u0161 apspieda iek\u0161\u0113jo sacel\u0161anos un sak\u0101va krustne\u0161u koal\u012bciju Varnas kauj\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir vien\u012bgais sult\u0101ns, kur\u0161 divas reizes atteic\u0101s no tro\u0146a sava d\u0113la lab\u0101, lai velt\u012btu sevi Visvaren\u0101 Dieva piel\u016bg\u0161anai.

Vi\u0146a audzin\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads II piedzima 806. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1404. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus un uzauga osma\u0146u \u0123imen\u0113, kas d\u0113liem ieaudzin\u0101ja zin\u0101\u0161anu m\u012blest\u012bbu un d\u017eih\u0101du All\u0101ha v\u0101rd\u0101. Sult\u0101ns Murads II tika audzin\u0101ts sapr\u0101t\u012bg\u0101 isl\u0101ma audzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, kas vi\u0146am \u013c\u0101va ie\u0146emt sultan\u0101ta amatu asto\u0146padsmit gadu vecum\u0101. Visiem saviem pavalstniekiem vi\u0146\u0161 bija paz\u012bstams ar savu dievbij\u012bbu, taisn\u012bgumu un l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu. Vi\u0146\u0161 bija d\u017eih\u0101da cien\u012bt\u0101js All\u0101ha v\u0101rd\u0101 un aicin\u0101ja cilv\u0113kus uz isl\u0101mu vis\u0101 Eirop\u0101.

Sultan\u0101ta p\u0101r\u0146em\u0161ana un iek\u0161\u0113jo sacel\u0161anos izskau\u0161ana<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads II p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma valsts varu p\u0113c sava t\u0113va Mehmeda \u010celebi n\u0101ves 824. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1421. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus. Sult\u0101nam Muradam izdev\u0101s apspiest sava t\u0113vo\u010da Mustafas uzs\u0101ktos iek\u0161\u0113jos sacel\u0161an\u0101s, kurus atbalst\u012bja Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijas ienaidnieki. Bizantijas imperators Manuels II bija aiz intrig\u0101m, sazv\u0113rest\u012bb\u0101m un nepatik\u0161an\u0101m, ar kur\u0101m sask\u0101r\u0101s sult\u0101ns Murads. Vi\u0146\u0161 atbalst\u012bja sult\u0101na Murada t\u0113voci, l\u012bdz Mustafa sp\u0113ja aplenkt Gallipoli pils\u0113tu, cen\u0161oties to at\u0146emt sult\u0101nam un padar\u012bt par savu b\u0101zi. Tom\u0113r sult\u0101ns Murads arest\u0113ja savu t\u0113voci un nodeva vi\u0146u kar\u0101tav\u0101m. Neskatoties uz to, imperators Manuels II turpin\u0101ja pl\u0101not sazv\u0113rest\u012bbu pret sult\u0101nu un apsk\u0101va Murada II br\u0101li, iece\u013cot vi\u0146u par sp\u0113ku vad\u012bt\u0101ju, kas ie\u0146\u0113ma N\u012bkas pils\u0113tu Anatolij\u0101. Murads dev\u0101s pret vi\u0146u un sp\u0113ja izn\u012bcin\u0101t vi\u0146a sp\u0113kus, piespie\u017eot pretinieku padoties un p\u0113c tam tiekot nogalin\u0101tam. Tad sult\u0101ns Murads nol\u0113ma sniegt imperatoram praktisku m\u0101c\u012bbu, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 \u0101tri ie\u0146\u0113ma Saloniku, uzbruka tam un 1431.\u00a0gada mart\u0101 \/ 833.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus iebruka ar sp\u0113ku, un tas k\u013cuva par neat\u0146emamu Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijas sast\u0101vda\u013cu.
Sult\u0101ns Murads II smagi kritiz\u0113ja nemiernieku kust\u012bbas Balk\u0101nos un v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s nostiprin\u0101t Osma\u0146u varu \u0161aj\u0101s zem\u0113s. Osma\u0146u armija dev\u0101s uz zieme\u013ciem, lai pak\u013cautu Valahijas re\u0123ionu un uzliktu tam ikgad\u0113ju nodevu. Jaunais Serbijas karalis Stefans Lazars bija spiests pak\u013cauties Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijai un non\u0101kt t\u0101s pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101, atjaunojot uztic\u012bbu sult\u0101nam. Osma\u0146u armija dev\u0101s uz dienvidiem, kur nostiprin\u0101ja Osma\u0146u varas pamatus Grie\u0137ij\u0101. Sult\u0101ns dr\u012bz vien turpin\u0101ja savu mision\u0101ru d\u017eih\u0101du un nov\u0113rsa \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus gan Alb\u0101nij\u0101, gan Ung\u0101rij\u0101.

Vi\u0146a iekarojumi<\/strong>
Murada II vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 osma\u0146i 834. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1431. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus iekaroja Alb\u0101niju, koncentr\u0113jot savu uzbrukumu uz valsts dienvidu da\u013cu. Osma\u0146i c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s s\u012bv\u0101 c\u012b\u0146\u0101 Alb\u0101nijas zieme\u013cos, kur zieme\u013cu alb\u0101\u0146i Alb\u0101nijas kalnos sak\u0101va divas Osma\u0146u armijas. Vi\u0146i ar\u012b sak\u0101va divas sec\u012bgas Osma\u0146u kampa\u0146as, kuras vad\u012bja pats sult\u0101ns Murads. Atk\u0101p\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 osma\u0146i cieta smagus zaud\u0113jumus. Krist\u012bg\u0101s valstis atbalst\u012bja alb\u0101\u0146us c\u012b\u0146\u0101 pret osma\u0146iem, \u012bpa\u0161i Ven\u0113cijas vald\u012bbu, kas apzin\u0101j\u0101s briesmas, ko rad\u012bja osma\u0146u iekaro\u0161ana \u0161aj\u0101 svar\u012bgaj\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101 ar t\u0101 pludmal\u0113m un j\u016bras ost\u0101m, kas savienoja Ven\u0113ciju ar Vidusj\u016bras baseinu un \u0101rpasauli. Osma\u0146i ar\u012b apzin\u0101j\u0101s, ka osma\u0146i var\u0113tu aiztur\u0113t Ven\u0113cijas ku\u0123us sl\u0113gtaj\u0101 Adrijas j\u016br\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di sult\u0101ns Murads II nepieredz\u0113ja stabilu Osma\u0146u varu Alb\u0101nij\u0101.
Run\u0101jot par Ung\u0101rijas fronti, Murads II guva pan\u0101kumus 1438. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, sakaujot ung\u0101rus, sag\u016bstot 70\u00a0000 vi\u0146u karav\u012bru un ie\u0146\u0113mot vair\u0101kas poz\u012bcijas. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s iekarot Serbijas galvaspils\u0113tu Belgradu, ta\u010du vi\u0146a m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums cieta neveiksmi. Dr\u012bz vien tika izveidota liela krustne\u0161u alianse, ko sv\u0113t\u012bja p\u0101vests, un kuras m\u0113r\u0137is bija piln\u012bb\u0101 padz\u012bt osma\u0146us no Eiropas. Alians\u0113 ietilpa p\u0101vesta vara, Ung\u0101rija, Polija, Serbija, Valahija, D\u017eenova, Ven\u0113cija, Bizantijas imp\u0113rija un Burgundijas hercogiste. Aliansei pievienoj\u0101s ar\u012b v\u0101cu un \u010dehu karasp\u0113ks. Krustne\u0161u sp\u0113ku vad\u012bbu uztic\u0113ja sp\u0113j\u012bgajam ung\u0101ru komandierim J\u0101nim Hunjadi. Hunjadi vad\u012bja krustne\u0161u sauszemes sp\u0113kus un dev\u0101s uz dienvidiem, \u0161\u0137\u0113rsojot Donavu un 1442. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus nodarot osma\u0146iem divas smagas sak\u0101ves. Osma\u0146i bija spiesti mekl\u0113t mieru. \u0160\u010decin\u0101 1444.\u00a0gada j\u016blij\u0101 tika nosl\u0113gts desmit gadu miera l\u012bgums, kur\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 atdeva Serbiju un atzina D\u017eord\u017eu Brankovi\u010du par t\u0101s princi. Sult\u0101ns Murads ar\u012b atdeva Ung\u0101rijai Valahiju (Rum\u0101niju) un par 60\u00a0000 duk\u0101tiem izpirka savu znotu Mahmudu \u010celebi, kur\u0161 bija Osma\u0146u armijas virspav\u0113lnieks. \u0160is l\u012bgums bija sarakst\u012bts osma\u0146u un ung\u0101ru valod\u0101. Ung\u0101rijas karalis Ladislavs zv\u0113r\u0113ja pie B\u012bbeles, un sult\u0101ns Murads zv\u0113r\u0113ja pie Kor\u0101na godpr\u0101t\u012bgi un uztic\u012bgi pild\u012bt l\u012bguma noteikumus.

Sultan\u0101ta atteik\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong>
Kad Murads pabeidza pamieru ar saviem Eiropas ienaidniekiem, vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s Anatolij\u0101. Vi\u0146u \u0161ok\u0113ja sava d\u0113la, prin\u010da Alaa n\u0101ve, un vi\u0146a b\u0113das pastiprin\u0101j\u0101s. Vi\u0146\u0161 atteic\u0101s no pasaules un kara\u013cvalsts un atdeva sultan\u0101ta troni savam d\u0113lam Mehmedam II, kuram tobr\u012bd bija \u010detrpadsmit gadu. Jaun\u0101 vecuma d\u0113\u013c t\u0113vs vi\u0146u ielenca ar da\u017eiem gudriem un dom\u0101jo\u0161iem savas valsts v\u012brie\u0161iem. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s uz Magn\u0113ziju Maz\u0101zij\u0101, lai atliku\u0161o m\u016b\u017eu pavad\u012btu izol\u0101cij\u0101 un mier\u0101, veltot sevi \u0161aj\u0101 nosl\u0113gt\u012bb\u0101 Dieva piel\u016bg\u0161anai un p\u0101rdom\u0101jot Vi\u0146a valst\u012bbu p\u0113c tam, kad bija p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka vi\u0146a valsts re\u0123ionos ir nodibin\u0101ta dro\u0161\u012bba un miers. Sult\u0101ns ilgi nebaud\u012bja \u0161o nosl\u0113gt\u012bbu un piel\u016bgsmi, jo kardin\u0101ls \u010cezar\u012bni un da\u017ei vi\u0146a pal\u012bgi aicin\u0101ja lauzt l\u012bgumus ar osma\u0146iem un padz\u012bt vi\u0146us no Eiropas, jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c, ka sult\u0101ns Murads bija atst\u0101jis Osma\u0146u troni savam jaunajam d\u0113lam, kuram nebija nek\u0101das pieredzes un nebija nek\u0101du briesmu no t\u0101. P\u0101vests Ei\u017eens IV bija p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts par \u0161o s\u0101tanisko ideju un l\u016bdza kristie\u0161us lauzt l\u012bgumu un uzbrukt musulma\u0146iem. Vi\u0146\u0161 paskaidroja kristie\u0161iem, ka ar musulma\u0146iem nosl\u0113gtais l\u012bgums nav sp\u0113k\u0101, jo tas tika nosl\u0113gts bez p\u0101vesta, Kristus vietnieka uz zemes, at\u013caujas. Kardin\u0101ls \u010cezar\u012bni bija \u013coti akt\u012bvs, vienm\u0113r kust\u012bb\u0101, nekad nenoguris str\u0101d\u0101t, cen\u0161oties izn\u012bcin\u0101t osma\u0146us. T\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 m\u0113dza apmekl\u0113t krist\u012bgos kara\u013cus un vi\u0146u vad\u012bt\u0101jus un k\u016bd\u012bja vi\u0146us lauzt l\u012bgumu ar musulma\u0146iem. Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101rliecin\u0101ja ikvienu, kas vi\u0146am iebilda, lauzt l\u012bgumu un teica vi\u0146am: "P\u0101vesta v\u0101rd\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 atbr\u012bvo vi\u0146us no atbild\u012bbas par t\u0101 lau\u0161anu un sv\u0113t\u012b vi\u0146u karav\u012brus un iero\u010dus. Vi\u0146iem j\u0101seko vi\u0146a ce\u013cam, jo tas ir slavas un pest\u012b\u0161anas ce\u013c\u0161. Ikvienam, kam p\u0113c tam ir sirdsapzi\u0146a, kas ir pretrun\u0101 ar vi\u0146u un baid\u0101s no gr\u0113ka, b\u016bs j\u0101nes vi\u0146a nasta un gr\u0113ks."

Krustne\u0161i lau\u017e der\u012bbu<\/strong>
Krustne\u0161i lauza savas der\u012bbas, mobiliz\u0113ja armijas c\u012b\u0146ai pret musulma\u0146iem un aplenca Bulg\u0101rijas pils\u0113tu Varnu, kas atrodas Meln\u0101s j\u016bras piekrast\u0113 un kuru musulma\u0146i bija atbr\u012bvoju\u0161i. Der\u012bbu lau\u0161ana ir rakstur\u012bga \u0161\u012bs reli\u0123ijas ienaidniekiem, un t\u0101p\u0113c Visvarenais Allahs uzlika musulma\u0146iem pien\u0101kumu c\u012bn\u012bties pret vi\u0146iem. Vi\u0146\u0161 saka: {Bet, ja vi\u0146i p\u0113c der\u012bbas lau\u017e savus zv\u0113restus un uzbr\u016bk j\u016bsu reli\u0123ijai, tad c\u012bnieties pret netic\u012bbas l\u012bderiem. Patie\u0161\u0101m, vi\u0146iem nav nek\u0101du zv\u0113restu. Varb\u016bt vi\u0146i mit\u0113sies.} [At-Tawbah: 12]. Vi\u0146i neciena der\u012bbas vai vieno\u0161an\u0101s, k\u0101 tas vienm\u0113r ir bijis vi\u0146u rakstur\u0101. Vi\u0146i nevilcin\u0101s uzbrukt jebkurai tautai, jebkurai personai, kur\u0101 vi\u0146i saskata v\u0101jumu, nogalin\u0101\u0161anu un slakti\u0146u.

Atgrie\u0161an\u0101s d\u017eih\u0101d\u0101<\/strong>
Kad kristie\u0161i s\u0101ka virz\u012bties uz Osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju un musulma\u0146i Edirn\u0113 dzird\u0113ja par krustne\u0161u kust\u012bbu un virz\u012bbu, vi\u0146us p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma bailes un \u0161ausmas. Valstsv\u012bri s\u016bt\u012bja zi\u0146u sult\u0101nam Muradam, aicinot vi\u0146u ierasties un st\u0101ties pret\u012b \u0161iem draudiem. Mud\u017eah\u012bdu sult\u0101ns izn\u0101ca no savas vientul\u012bbas, lai vad\u012btu Osma\u0146u armijas pret krustne\u0161u draudiem. Muradam izdev\u0101s vienoties ar D\u017eenovas floti par \u010detrdesmit t\u016bksto\u0161u Osma\u0146u armijas v\u012bru p\u0101rve\u0161anu no \u0100zijas uz Eiropu krustne\u0161u flotes redzeslok\u0101 un aus\u012bs apmai\u0146\u0101 pret vienu din\u0101ru par katru karav\u012bru.
Sult\u0101ns Murads pa\u0101trin\u0101ja savu g\u0101jienu, ierodoties Varn\u0101 taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 dien\u0101, kad krustne\u0161i. N\u0101kamaj\u0101 dien\u0101 starp kristie\u0161u un musulma\u0146u armij\u0101m izc\u0113l\u0101s s\u012bva kauja. Sult\u0101ns Murads uzlika uz \u0161\u0137\u0113pa gala l\u012bgumu, ko vi\u0146a ienaidnieki bija lauzu\u0161i, lai vi\u0146i un visas debesis un zeme b\u016btu liecinieki vi\u0146u nodev\u012bbai un agresijai, un lai vairotu savu karav\u012bru entuziasmu. Abas puses c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s, un starp t\u0101m notika briesm\u012bga kauja, kur\u0101 uzvara gandr\u012bz pien\u0101ca kristie\u0161iem vi\u0146u reli\u0123isk\u0101s dedz\u012bbas un p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bg\u0101 entuziasma d\u0113\u013c. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012b aizsardz\u012bba un p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgais entuziasms sad\u016br\u0101s ar osma\u0146u d\u017eih\u0101distu garu. Karalis Ladisls, der\u012bbas lauz\u0113js, tik\u0101s ar der\u012bbas tur\u0113t\u0101ju sult\u0101nu Muradu aci pret aci, un vi\u0146i c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s. Starp vi\u0146iem notika briesm\u012bga kauja 848. gada Rajaba 28. datum\u0101 \/ 1444. gada 10. novembr\u012b. Musulma\u0146u sult\u0101nam izdev\u0101s nogalin\u0101t krist\u012bgo Ung\u0101rijas karali. Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101rsteidza vi\u0146u ar sp\u0113c\u012bgu \u0161\u0137\u0113pa sitienu, kas lika vi\u0146am nokrist no zirga. Da\u017ei mud\u017eahed\u012bni met\u0101s \u0161urp, nocirta vi\u0146am galvu un, slav\u0113jot un l\u012bksmojot, pac\u0113la to uz \u0161\u0137\u0113pa. Viens no mud\u017eahed\u012bniem uzsauca ienaidniekam: "Ak, netic\u012bgie, \u0161\u012b ir j\u016bsu \u0137\u0113ni\u0146a galva!" \u0160\u012b aina sp\u0113c\u012bgi ietekm\u0113ja kristie\u0161u p\u016b\u013cus, un tos p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma bailes un panika. Musulma\u0146i uzs\u0101ka sp\u0113c\u012bgu uzbrukumu, izkl\u012bdin\u0101ja tos un sagr\u0101va briesm\u012bg\u0101 sak\u0101v\u0113. Kristie\u0161i pagrieza muguras, atgr\u016b\u017eot viens otru. Sult\u0101ns Murads nevaj\u0101ja savu ienaidnieku un bija apmierin\u0101ts ar... T\u0101 ir uzvaras robe\u017ea, un t\u0101 ir liela uzvara.
\u0160\u012b kauja vismaz uz desmit gadiem izsl\u0113dza Ung\u0101riju no to valstu saraksta, kas sp\u0113j uzs\u0101kt ofens\u012bvas milit\u0101ras oper\u0101cijas pret Osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju.

Atgrie\u0161an\u0101s pie izol\u0101cijas un uztic\u012bbas<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads neatsac\u012bj\u0101s no sava ask\u0113tisma \u0161aj\u0101 pasaul\u0113 un valst\u012bb\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 atdeva troni savam d\u0113lam Muhamedam un atgriez\u0101s sav\u0101 nosl\u0113gt\u012bb\u0101 Magnesij\u0101, glu\u017ei k\u0101 uzvaro\u0161s lauva atgrie\u017eas sav\u0101 midzen\u012b.
V\u0113sture mums ir piemin\u0113jusi grupu \u0137\u0113ni\u0146u un valdnieku, kas atteic\u0101s no saviem tro\u0146iem un norobe\u017eoj\u0101s no tautas un karalistes kr\u0101\u0161\u0146uma, un ka da\u017ei no \u0161iem \u0137\u0113ni\u0146iem atgriez\u0101s tron\u012b, ta\u010du m\u0113s neesam piemin\u0113ju\u0161i nevienu no vi\u0146iem, kas divas reizes atteic\u0101s no tro\u0146a, iz\u0146emot sult\u0101nu Muradu. Vi\u0146\u0161 tikko bija non\u0101cis izol\u0101cij\u0101 Maz\u0101zij\u0101, kad jani\u010d\u0101ri Edirn\u0113 sac\u0113l\u0101s, nemieri, niknums, dump\u012bba, dump\u012bba un korump\u0113t\u012bba. Sult\u0101ns Mehmeds II bija nesens jauneklis, un da\u017ei no valsts v\u012briem baid\u012bj\u0101s, ka situ\u0101cija saasin\u0101sies, briesmas pieaugs, \u013caunums pasliktin\u0101sies un sekas b\u016bs sliktas, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i s\u016bt\u012bja zi\u0146u pie sult\u0101na Murada, l\u016bdzot vi\u0146u pa\u0161am p\u0101r\u0146emt \u0161\u012bs lietas vad\u012bbu. Sult\u0101ns Murads ierad\u0101s un sagr\u0101ba varas gro\u017eus, un jani\u010d\u0101ri vi\u0146am pak\u013c\u0101v\u0101s. Vi\u0146\u0161 s\u016bt\u012bja savu d\u0113lu Muhamedu uz Magn\u0113ziju par t\u0101s gubernatoru Anatolij\u0101. Sult\u0101ns Murads II palika Osma\u0146u tron\u012b l\u012bdz savas dz\u012bves p\u0113d\u0113jai dienai, kuru vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bja iekarojumos un iekarojumos.

Murads II un vi\u0146a m\u012blest\u012bba pret dzejniekiem, zin\u0101tniekiem un labdar\u012bbu<\/strong>
Muhameds Harbs saka: \u201cLai gan Murads II sarakst\u012bja maz dzejo\u013cu un mums ir tikai nedaudz vi\u0146a dzejas, vi\u0146am bija liela ietekme uz literat\u016bru un dzeju, ko nevar noliegt, jo vi\u0146\u0161 sv\u0113t\u012bja dzejniekus, kurus divas dienas ned\u0113\u013c\u0101 aicin\u0101ja uz savu padomi, lai tie pateiktu, kas vi\u0146iem bija sak\u0101ms, un p\u0101rrun\u0101tu sarunas un tenkas starp vi\u0146iem un sult\u0101nu, kur\u0161 tos apstiprin\u0101ja vai noraid\u012bja, izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s vai noraid\u012bja. Vi\u0146\u0161 bie\u017ei apmierin\u0101ja tr\u016bc\u012bgo vajadz\u012bbas, pie\u0161\u0137irot sv\u0113t\u012bbas vai atrodot vi\u0146iem profesiju, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101tu iztiku, l\u012bdz vi\u0146i b\u016btu atbr\u012bvoju\u0161ies no dz\u012bves raiz\u0113m un velt\u012bti dzejas rakst\u012b\u0161anai. Vi\u0146a laikmets rad\u012bja daudzus dzejniekus.\u201d
Murads II p\u0101rveidoja karalisko pili par sava veida zin\u0101tnisko akad\u0113miju un pat sav\u0101s c\u012b\u0146\u0101s pavad\u012bja dzejniekus. Viens no vi\u0146a dzejo\u013ciem bija: "N\u0101ciet, atcer\u0113simies Dievu, jo m\u0113s neesam m\u016b\u017e\u012bgi \u0161aj\u0101 pasaul\u0113."
Vi\u0146\u0161 bija zino\u0161s, gudrs, taisn\u012bgs un drosm\u012bgs sult\u0101ns. Katru gadu vi\u0146\u0161 no savas naudas s\u016bt\u012bja tr\u012bs t\u016bksto\u0161us piecsimt din\u0101rus Divu sv\u0113to mo\u0161eju un Jeruzalemes iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem. Vi\u0146am r\u016bp\u0113ja zin\u0101\u0161anas, zin\u0101tnieki, \u0161eihi un taisn\u012bgie. Vi\u0146\u0161 bru\u0123\u0113ja ce\u013cu kara\u013cvalst\u012bm, nodro\u0161in\u0101ja ce\u013cus, nodibin\u0101ja likumus un reli\u0123iju un pazemoja netic\u012bgos un ateistus. Jusefs Asaafs par vi\u0146u teica: "Vi\u0146\u0161 bija dievbij\u012bgs un taisn\u012bgs, sp\u0113c\u012bgs varonis, labest\u012bbas cien\u012bt\u0101js, nosliece uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu un labv\u0113l\u012bbu."
Sult\u0101ns Murads uzc\u0113la mo\u0161ejas, skolas, pilis un tiltus, tostarp Edirnes mo\u0161eju ar t\u0101s trim balkoniem. Blakus \u0161ai mo\u0161ejai vi\u0146\u0161 uzc\u0113la skolu un hospisi, kur tika pa\u0113din\u0101ti tr\u016bc\u012bgie un tr\u016bc\u012bgie.

Vi\u0146a n\u0101ve un griba<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns nomira Edirnes pil\u012b 855. gada 16. Muharrama gad\u0101 (1451. gada 18. febru\u0101r\u012b) 47 gadu vecum\u0101. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar vi\u0146a gribu, lai Dievs vi\u0146am ap\u017e\u0113lojas, vi\u0146\u0161 tika apglab\u0101ts blakus Muradijes mo\u0161ejai Burs\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 l\u016bdza, lai virs vi\u0146a kapa nekas netiktu uzcelts, lai t\u0101 mal\u0101s tiktu izveidotas vietas, kur iegaum\u0113t\u0101ji var\u0113tu s\u0113d\u0113t un las\u012bt Sv\u0113to Kor\u0101nu, un lai vi\u0146\u0161 tiktu apglab\u0101ts piektdien\u0101. Vi\u0146a griba tika izpild\u012bta.

Kad m\u0113s bij\u0101m lieliski<\/strong>
No Tamera Badra gr\u0101matas "Neaizmirstamie l\u012bderi"\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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