{"id":21964,"date":"2025-03-27T12:20:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:20:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21964"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:03:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:03:10","slug":"fdshgffhg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21964","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u0101ns Murads I, Ard\u0113nu kaujas moceklis"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

2019. gada 12. marts<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sult\u0101ns Murads I<\/strong>
Lauka moceklis<\/strong>

Sult\u0101ns Murads I, sult\u0101na Orhana d\u0113ls, vi\u0146a vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 osma\u0146i p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma Edirnes pils\u0113tu (762.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113. = 1360.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113.) un padar\u012bja to par savas valsts galvaspils\u0113tu. Vi\u0146\u0161 sak\u0101va Bizantijas un Bulg\u0101rijas aliansi Martizas kauj\u0101s gad\u0101 (764.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113. = 1363.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113.), un vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b sak\u0101va krustne\u0161u aliansi Kosov\u0101 gad\u0101 (791.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113. = 1389.\u00a0g.\u00a0m.\u00a0\u0113.), kur vi\u0146\u0161 tika nogalin\u0101ts mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113.

Vi\u0146a audzin\u0101\u0161ana un varas p\u0101r\u0146em\u0161ana<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads I piedzima 726. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus = 1326. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, gad\u0101, kad varu p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma vi\u0146a t\u0113vs. Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma varu p\u0113c sava t\u0113va Orhana ibn Osmana n\u0101ves 761. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus = 1360. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus. Toreiz vi\u0146am bija 36 gadi, un vi\u0146a vald\u012b\u0161ana ilga 30 gadus.

Murads I bija drosm\u012bgs, kareiv\u012bgs, d\u0101sns un reli\u0123iozs v\u012brs. Vi\u0146\u0161 m\u012bl\u0113ja k\u0101rt\u012bbu un iev\u0113roja to, k\u0101 ar\u012b bija taisn\u012bgs pret saviem pavalstniekiem un karav\u012briem. Vi\u0146\u0161 aizr\u0101v\u0101s ar iekarojumiem un mo\u0161eju, skolu un patversmju celtniec\u012bbu. Vi\u0146am blakus bija lab\u0101ko vad\u012bt\u0101ju, ekspertu un milit\u0101rpersonu grupa, no kuras vi\u0146\u0161 izveidoja padomi saviem padomniekiem. Vi\u0146\u0161 vienlaikus papla\u0161in\u0101ja savu darb\u012bbu Maz\u0101zij\u0101 un Eirop\u0101.

Murada I iekarojumi<\/strong>
Eirop\u0101 sult\u0101ns Murads I uzbruka Bizantijas imp\u0113rijas \u012bpa\u0161umiem un 1360.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus ie\u0146\u0113ma Edirnes pils\u0113tu. \u0160ai pils\u0113tai bija strat\u0113\u0123iska noz\u012bme Balk\u0101nos, un t\u0101 bija otr\u0101 pils\u0113ta Bizantijas imp\u0113rij\u0101 p\u0113c Konstantinopoles. Murads padar\u012bja \u0161o pils\u0113tu par Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijas galvaspils\u0113tu kop\u0161 1366.\u00a0gada p\u0113c Kristus.
T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Osma\u0146u galvaspils\u0113ta p\u0101rc\u0113l\u0101s no \u0100zijas uz Eiropu, un Edirne k\u013cuva par isl\u0101ma galvaspils\u0113tu. Murada m\u0113r\u0137i \u0161aj\u0101 p\u0101rcel\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 bija vair\u0101ki, tostarp:
1. Edirnes milit\u0101ro nocietin\u0101jumu sp\u0113ka un t\u0101 tuvuma d\u017eih\u0101distu oper\u0101ciju te\u0101trim izmanto\u0161ana.
2. Murada v\u0113lme anekt\u0113t Eiropas re\u0123ionus, kurus vi\u0146\u0161 bija sasniedzis d\u017eih\u0101da laik\u0101 un kuros bija nostiprin\u0101jies.
3. \u0160aj\u0101 galvaspils\u0113t\u0101 Murads apvienoja visus valsts att\u012bst\u012bbas elementus un p\u0101rvald\u012bbas principus. Taj\u0101 tika izveidotas darbinieku klases, armijas div\u012bzijas, juristu un reli\u0123isko zin\u0101tnieku grupas. Tika nodibin\u0101tas tiesas, k\u0101 ar\u012b uzceltas civil\u0101s skolas un milit\u0101rie instit\u016bti jani\u010d\u0101ru apm\u0101c\u012bbai.
Edirne saglab\u0101ja \u0161o politisko, milit\u0101ro, administrat\u012bvo, kult\u016bras un reli\u0123isko statusu l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad osma\u0146i 857. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus = 1453. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus iekaroja Konstantinopoli, un t\u0101 k\u013cuva par vi\u0146u valsts galvaspils\u0113tu.

Krustne\u0161u alianse pret Muradu I<\/strong>
Martizas kauja<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads turpin\u0101ja savu d\u017eih\u0101du, sludin\u0101\u0161anu un teritoriju iekaro\u0161anu Eirop\u0101. Vi\u0146a armija dev\u0101s iekarot Ma\u0137edoniju, un vi\u0146a uzvar\u0101m bija t\u0101lejo\u0161as sekas. Tika izveidota Eiropas un Balk\u0101nu krustne\u0161u alianse, ko sv\u0113t\u012bja p\u0101vests Eiropa V, un taj\u0101 ietilpa serbi, bulg\u0101ri, ung\u0101ri un Valahijas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji. Krustne\u0161u alianses dal\u012bbvalstis sp\u0113ja sapulcin\u0101t se\u0161desmit t\u016bksto\u0161u karav\u012bru lielu armiju. Osma\u0146u komandieris Lala \u0160ahins st\u0101j\u0101s pret\u012b tiem ar sp\u0113ku, kas bija maz\u0101ks par sabiedroto sp\u0113kiem. Vi\u0146\u0161 tos satika net\u0101lu no Irmenas pie Martizas upes, kur notika \u0161ausmino\u0161a kauja un sabiedroto armija tika sakauta. Abi serbu prin\u010di aizb\u0113ga, bet nosl\u012bka Martizas up\u0113. Ung\u0101rijas karalis br\u012bnumain\u0101 k\u0101rt\u0101 izgl\u0101b\u0101s no n\u0101ves. Tikm\u0113r sult\u0101ns Murads bija aiz\u0146emts ar c\u012b\u0146\u0101m Maz\u0101zij\u0101, kur vi\u0146\u0161 iekaroja vair\u0101kas pils\u0113tas. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s sav\u0101 varas kr\u0113sl\u0101, lai sak\u0101rtotu iekarot\u0101s teritorijas un valstis, k\u0101 tas ir gudra vad\u012bt\u0101ja paradums.
Osma\u0146u uzvarai Martizas up\u0113 bija svar\u012bgi rezult\u0101ti, tostarp:
1. Vi\u0146i iekaroja Tr\u0101\u0137ijas un Ma\u0137edonijas re\u0123ionus un sasniedza Bulg\u0101rijas dienvidus un Serbijas austrumus.
2. Bizantijas imp\u0113rijas, Bulg\u0101rijas un Serbijas pils\u0113tas un \u012bpa\u0161umi s\u0101ka non\u0101kt vi\u0146u rok\u0101s k\u0101 rudens lapas.

Pirmais l\u012bgums starp Osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju un krist\u012bgaj\u0101m valst\u012bm<\/strong>
Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijai k\u013c\u016bstot sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101kai, t\u0101s kaimi\u0146valstis, \u012bpa\u0161i v\u0101j\u0101k\u0101s, s\u0101ka baid\u012bties. Ragusas Republika, republika ar skatu uz Adrijas j\u016bru, uz\u0146\u0113m\u0101s iniciat\u012bvu un nos\u016bt\u012bja v\u0113stne\u0161us pie sult\u0101na Murada, lai nosl\u0113gtu ar vi\u0146u draudz\u012bgu un komerci\u0101lu l\u012bgumu. Taj\u0101 vi\u0146i ap\u0146\u0113m\u0101s maks\u0101t ikgad\u0113ju nodevu 500 zelta duk\u0101tu apm\u0113r\u0101. \u0160is bija pirmais l\u012bgums, kas nosl\u0113gts starp Osma\u0146u imp\u0113riju un krist\u012bgaj\u0101m valst\u012bm.

Kosovas kauja<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads pats un ar savu komandieru starpniec\u012bbu bija iek\u013cuvis Balk\u0101nos, kas izprovoc\u0113ja serbus, kuri vair\u0101kk\u0101rt m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja izmantot sult\u0101na promb\u016btni no Eiropas, lai uzbruktu Osma\u0146u armij\u0101m Balk\u0101nos un apk\u0101rt\u0113jos apgabalos. Tom\u0113r vi\u0146iem neizdev\u0101s g\u016bt iev\u0113rojamas uzvaras p\u0101r Osma\u0146iem. T\u0101p\u0113c serbi, bosnie\u0161i un bulg\u0101ri apvienoj\u0101s un sagatavoja lielu Eiropas krustne\u0161u armiju c\u012b\u0146ai pret sult\u0101nu, kur\u0161 bija ieradies ar sav\u0101m labi sagatavotaj\u0101m armij\u0101m Balk\u0101nu Kosovas re\u0123ion\u0101.

Viens no neaizmirstam\u0101kajiem notikumiem ir tas, ka sult\u0101na Murada ministrs n\u0113s\u0101ja l\u012bdzi Kor\u0101na eksempl\u0101ru. Vi\u0146\u0161 to net\u012b\u0161\u0101m atv\u0113ra un uzd\u016br\u0101s \u0161im pantam: "Ak, Pravieti, mudiniet tic\u012bgos c\u012bn\u012bties. Ja no jums b\u016bs divdesmit, paciet\u012bgie, vi\u0146i uzvar\u0113s divus simtus, un, ja no jums b\u016bs simts, vi\u0146i uzvar\u0113s t\u016bksto\u0161 netic\u012bgo, jo vi\u0146i ir tauta, kas nesaprot." (Al-Anfal: 65). Vi\u0146\u0161 priec\u0101j\u0101s par uzvaru, un musulma\u0146i priec\u0101j\u0101s kop\u0101 ar vi\u0146u. Dr\u012bz vien starp ab\u0101m armij\u0101m izc\u0113l\u0101s c\u012b\u0146a, t\u0101 saasin\u0101j\u0101s, un kauja k\u013cuva s\u012bv\u0101ka. Kar\u0161 beidz\u0101s ar musulma\u0146u p\u0101rliecino\u0161u un iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161u uzvaru.

Sult\u0101na Murada mocek\u013ca n\u0101ve<\/strong>
P\u0113c uzvaras Kosov\u0101 sult\u0101ns Murads apskat\u012bja kaujas lauku, staig\u0101jot starp miru\u0161o musulma\u0146u rind\u0101m un l\u016bdzot par vi\u0146iem. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b p\u0101rbaud\u012bja ievainotos. Tikm\u0113r serbu karav\u012brs, kur\u0161 bija izlicies par miru\u0161u, met\u0101s pie sult\u0101na. Sargi sp\u0113ja vi\u0146u arest\u0113t, bet vi\u0146\u0161 izlik\u0101s, ka v\u0113las run\u0101t ar sult\u0101nu un pazi\u0146ot par savu piev\u0113r\u0161anos isl\u0101mam no vi\u0146a rok\u0101m. \u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b sult\u0101ns deva sargiem z\u012bmi vi\u0146u atbr\u012bvot. Vi\u0146\u0161 izlik\u0101s, ka v\u0113las nosk\u016bpst\u012bt sult\u0101na roku, un ar \u0101tru kust\u012bbu izvilka saind\u0113tu dunci un sad\u016bra sult\u0101nu. Sult\u0101ns Murads tika nogalin\u0101ts mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113 \u2013 lai Dievs vi\u0146am ap\u017e\u0113lojas \u2013 1389. gada 30. j\u016blij\u0101, \u0160abana m\u0113ne\u0161a 15. datum\u0101 (791 AH). Jani\u010d\u0101ri nekav\u0113joties nogalin\u0101ja serbu karav\u012bru.

Sult\u0101na Murada p\u0113d\u0113jie v\u0101rdi<\/strong>
\u0160is di\u017eenais sult\u0101ns tika nogalin\u0101ts mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113 65 gadu vecum\u0101. Vi\u0146a p\u0113d\u0113jie v\u0101rdi bija: "Aizejot, es varu tikai pateikties Dievam. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir neredzam\u0101 zin\u0101t\u0101js, tr\u016bkumciet\u0113ju l\u016bg\u0161anu pie\u0146\u0113m\u0113js. Es liecinu, ka nav cita dieva k\u0101 vien Dievs, un neviens nav peln\u012bjis pateic\u012bbu un slavu k\u0101 vien Vi\u0146\u0161. Mana dz\u012bve tuvojas beig\u0101m, un es esmu redz\u0113jis isl\u0101ma karav\u012bru uzvaru. Paklausi manam d\u0113lam Jaz\u012bdam, nemoci ieslodz\u012btos, nenodari vi\u0146iem p\u0101ri un neaplaupi vi\u0146us. No \u0161\u012b br\u012b\u017ea es uzticu tevi un m\u016bsu lielo uzvaro\u0161o armiju Dieva \u017e\u0113last\u012bbai, jo Vi\u0146\u0161 ir Tas, kur\u0161 pasarg\u0101 m\u016bsu valsti no visa \u013caunuma."

Sult\u0101ns Murads I tr\u012bsdesmit gadus vad\u012bja Osma\u0146u tautu ar gudr\u012bbu un prasmi, k\u0101du nebija iesp\u0113jams p\u0101rsp\u0113t nevienam citam vi\u0146a laika valstsv\u012bram. Bizantijas v\u0113sturnieks Halko Nedelass par Muradu I teica: \u201cMurads veica daudzus svar\u012bgus uzdevumus. Vi\u0146\u0161 piedal\u012bj\u0101s 37 kauj\u0101s gan Anatolij\u0101, gan Balk\u0101nos un katr\u0101 no t\u0101m guva uzvaru. Vi\u0146\u0161 iztur\u0113j\u0101s pret saviem pavalstniekiem ar l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu neatkar\u012bgi no rases vai reli\u0123ijas.\u201d

Fran\u010du v\u0113sturnieks Krin\u0101rs par vi\u0146u saka: \u201cMurads bija viens no izcil\u0101kajiem Osma\u0146u dinastijas v\u012brie\u0161iem, un, ja m\u0113s vi\u0146u v\u0113rt\u0113jam person\u012bgi, m\u0113s vi\u0146u atrodam augst\u0101k\u0101 l\u012bmen\u012b nek\u0101 visus Eiropas valdniekus vi\u0146a vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101.\u201d

Murads I no sava t\u0113va mantoja lielu emir\u0101tu 95\u00a0000 kvadr\u0101tkilometru plat\u012bb\u0101. P\u0113c savas mocek\u013ca n\u0101ves vi\u0146a d\u0113ls Bajez\u012bds p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma \u0161o Osma\u0146u emir\u0101tu, kas bija sasniedzis 500\u00a0000 kvadr\u0101tkilometru. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, aptuveni 29 gadu laik\u0101 tas bija palielin\u0101jies vair\u0101k nek\u0101 piecas reizes, sal\u012bdzinot ar to, ko vi\u0146am bija atst\u0101jis t\u0113vs Orhans.

Sult\u0101na Murada l\u016bg\u0161ana pirms Kosovas kaujas s\u0101kuma<\/strong>
Sult\u0101ns Murads zin\u0101ja, ka c\u012bn\u0101s All\u0101ha v\u0101rd\u0101, un ka uzvara n\u0101ca no Vi\u0146a. T\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 bie\u017ei l\u016bdza un mudin\u0101ja All\u0101hu, l\u016bdzot Vi\u0146u un pa\u013caujoties uz Vi\u0146u. No vi\u0146a pazem\u012bg\u0101s l\u016bg\u0161anas m\u0113s uzzin\u0101m, ka sult\u0101ns Murads pazina savu Kungu un saprata kalpo\u0161anas noz\u012bmi. Sult\u0101ns Murads sav\u0101 l\u016bg\u0161an\u0101 savam Kungam saka: \u201cAk, All\u0101h, ak, Vis\u017e\u0113lsird\u012bg\u0101kais, ak, debesu Kungs, ak, Tu, kas pie\u0146em l\u016bg\u0161anas, neapkaunojiet mani. Ak, Vis\u017e\u0113lsird\u012bg\u0101kais, ak, Vis\u017e\u0113lsird\u012bg\u0101kais, \u0161oreiz atbildi uz Sava nabaga kalpa l\u016bg\u0161anu. S\u016bti p\u0101r mums bag\u0101t\u012bgu lietu un kliedini tumsas m\u0101ko\u0146us, lai m\u0113s var\u0113tu redz\u0113t savu ienaidnieku, jo m\u0113s neesam nekas cits k\u0101 Tavi gr\u0113c\u012bgie kalpi. Tu esi Dev\u0113js, un m\u0113s esam Tavi nabagie.\u201d "Es neesmu nekas cits k\u0101 Tavs nabaga, l\u016bdzo\u0161ais kalps, un Tu esi Viszino\u0161ais, ak, neredzam\u0101, nosl\u0113pumu un sir\u017eu sl\u0113pjamais. Man nav nek\u0101du m\u0113r\u0137u, intere\u0161u, un es nemekl\u0113ju pe\u013c\u0146u. Es v\u0113los tikai Tavu prieku, ak All\u0101h, ak, Viszino\u0161ais, ak, Kl\u0101teso\u0161ais vis\u0101 esam\u012bb\u0101. Es upur\u0113\u0161u savu dv\u0113seli Tev, t\u0101p\u0113c pie\u0146em manu cer\u012bbu un ne\u013cauj musulma\u0146iem ciest sak\u0101vi no ienaidnieka. Ak, All\u0101h, ak, Vis\u017e\u0113l\u012bg\u0101kais no \u017e\u0113lsird\u012bgajiem, nepadari mani par vi\u0146u n\u0101ves c\u0113loni; dr\u012bz\u0101k padari vi\u0146us uzvar\u0113t\u0101jus. Es upur\u0113\u0161u savu dv\u0113seli Tev, ak, Kungs. Es vienm\u0113r esmu v\u0113l\u0113jies tikt mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113 isl\u0101ma karav\u012bru d\u0113\u013c, t\u0101p\u0113c ne\u013cauj man redz\u0113t vi\u0146u p\u0101rbaud\u012bjumus, ak, mans Dievs, un \u013cauj man, ak, mans Dievs, \u0161oreiz tikt mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113 Tav\u0101 lab\u0101 un Tavam priekam."

Cit\u0101 st\u0101st\u012bjum\u0101: \u201cAk, mans Dievs, es zv\u0113ru pie Tavas god\u012bbas un majest\u0101tes, ka es nemekl\u0113ju no sava d\u017eih\u0101da \u0161o \u012bslaic\u012bgo pasauli, bet gan Tavu prieku un neko citu k\u0101 vien Tavu prieku, ak, mans Dievs. Es zv\u0113ru pie Tavas god\u012bbas un majest\u0101tes, ka esmu d\u017eih\u0101ds Tav\u0101 liet\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c vairo savu godu, mirstot Tav\u0101 liet\u0101.\u201d

Cit\u0101 st\u0101st\u012bjum\u0101: \u201cAk, mans Dievs un mans Skolot\u0101j, pie\u0146em manu l\u016bg\u0161anu un l\u016bg\u0161anu un Sav\u0101 \u017e\u0113last\u012bb\u0101 s\u016bti p\u0101r mums lietu, kas nodz\u0113s\u012bs v\u0113tru putek\u013cus ap mums un iegremd\u0113s m\u016bs gaism\u0101, kas klied\u0113s tumsu ap mums, lai m\u0113s var\u0113tu redz\u0113t m\u016bsu ienaidnieka atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu un c\u012bn\u012bties ar vi\u0146u Tavas c\u0113l\u0101 reli\u0123ijas godin\u0101\u0161anas v\u0101rd\u0101.\u201d
Mans Dievs un mans Kungs, Tev pieder valst\u012bba un vara. Tu t\u0101s pie\u0161\u0137ir, kam vien v\u0113lies no saviem kalpiem. Esmu Tavs bezpal\u012bdz\u012bgais un nabaga kalps. Tu zini manus nosl\u0113pumus un manus publiskos darbus. Es zv\u0113ru pie Tavas god\u012bbas un majest\u0101tes, ka sav\u0101 c\u012b\u0146\u0101 nemekl\u0113ju \u0161\u012bs p\u0101rejo\u0161\u0101s pasaules gru\u017eus, bet gan Tavu prieku un neko citu k\u0101 vien Tavu prieku.
Mans Dievs un mans Skolot\u0101j, es l\u016bdzu Tevi, pie Tava c\u0113l\u0101 vaiga presti\u017ea, padar\u012bt mani par upuri visiem musulma\u0146iem un nepadar\u012bt mani par iemeslu neviena musulma\u0146a pazu\u0161anai par citu ce\u013cu, nevis Tavu taisno ce\u013cu.
Mans Dievs un mans Skolot\u0101j, ja mana mocek\u013ca n\u0101ve gl\u0101bs musulma\u0146u armiju, tad neliedz man mocek\u013ca n\u0101vi Tav\u0101 liet\u0101, lai es var\u0113tu baud\u012bt Tavu sabiedr\u012bbu, un cik gan laba ir Tava sabiedr\u012bba.
"Mans Dievs un mans Kungs, Tu mani esi pagodin\u0101jis, vadot mani pa d\u017eih\u0101da ce\u013cu Tav\u0101 liet\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c vairo manu godu, mirstot Tav\u0101 liet\u0101."

\u0160\u012b pazem\u012bg\u0101 l\u016bg\u0161ana liecina par sult\u0101na Murada zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m par Visvareno Dievu un to, ka vi\u0146\u0161 izpild\u012bja monoteisma deklar\u0101cijas nosac\u012bjumus (nav cita dieva k\u0101 vien Dievs), un \u0161ie nosac\u012bjumi tika izpild\u012bti vi\u0146a r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101 un dz\u012bv\u0113.

Sult\u0101ns Murads saprata tic\u012bbas paties\u012bbu un monoteisma v\u0101rdu un izbaud\u012bja t\u0101 ietekmi sav\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di vi\u0146\u0101 tika ieaudzin\u0101ts lepnums un cie\u0146a, kas izriet\u0113ja no tic\u012bbas Dievam. Vi\u0146\u0161 k\u013cuva p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka neviens nav labv\u0113l\u012bgs, iz\u0146emot Dievu \u2013 Visvareno; Vi\u0146\u0161 ir dz\u012bv\u012bbas un n\u0101ves Dev\u0113js, un Vi\u0146\u0161 ir varas, autorit\u0101tes un suverenit\u0101tes \u012apa\u0161nieks. T\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 no savas sirds atbr\u012bvoj\u0101s no vis\u0101m bailes, iz\u0146emot no Vi\u0146a \u2013 Visvaren\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 nenolieca galvu nevienas rad\u012bbas priek\u0161\u0101, nel\u016bdz\u0101s Vi\u0146am, un vi\u0146u neiebied\u0113ja vi\u0146a lepnums un di\u017eenums; jo vi\u0146\u0161 bija p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka Dievs ir Visvarenais, Di\u017eenais. Tic\u012bba Dievam deva vi\u0146am lielu ap\u0146\u0113m\u012bbas un drosmes sp\u0113ku, paciet\u012bbu un nelok\u0101m\u012bbu, uztic\u012bbu un tiek\u0161anos p\u0113c augst\u0101kaj\u0101m liet\u0101m; mekl\u0113jot Vi\u0146a \u2013 Visvaren\u0101 \u2013 labv\u0113l\u012bbu. T\u0101p\u0113c c\u012b\u0146\u0101s, kur\u0101s vi\u0146\u0161 c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s, vi\u0146\u0161 bija tikpat nelok\u0101ms k\u0101 nelok\u0101mi kalni, un vi\u0146\u0161 bija stingri p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka vien\u012bgais vi\u0146a un savas bag\u0101t\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161nieks ir Dievs \u2013 Visvarenais. T\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 neiebilda upur\u0113t visu, d\u0101rgu vai l\u0113tu, sava Kunga lab\u0101.

Sult\u0101ns Murads dz\u012bvoja tic\u012bbas paties\u012bbu; t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 met\u0101s d\u017eih\u0101da ar\u0113n\u0101s un upur\u0113ja visu, kas vi\u0146am bija, aicin\u0101juma uz isl\u0101mu v\u0101rd\u0101.

Kad m\u0113s bij\u0101m lieliski<\/strong>
No Tamera Badra gr\u0101matas "Neaizmirstamie l\u012bderi"\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2019. gada 12. marts Sult\u0101ns Murads I Lauka moceklis Sult\u0101ns Murads I, sult\u0101na Orhana d\u0113ls, savas vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 osma\u0146i ie\u0146\u0113ma Edirnes pils\u0113tu (762 m.\u0113. = 1360 m.\u0113.), padarot to par savas valsts galvaspils\u0113tu, un 1363 m.\u0113. div\u0101s Martizas kauj\u0101s sak\u0101va Bizantijas-Bulg\u0101rijas aliansi, k\u0101 ar\u012b 1389 m.\u0113. Kosov\u0101 sak\u0101va krustne\u0161u aliansi, kur vi\u0146\u0161 tika nogalin\u0101ts mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113. Vi\u0146a audzin\u0101\u0161ana un varas p\u0101r\u0146em\u0161ana Sult\u0101ns Murads I piedzima [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21965,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,184],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21964","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115","8":"category-184"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}