{"id":21943,"date":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21943"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","slug":"fdgds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21943","title":{"rendered":"It\u0101lijas iekaro\u0161ana"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019. gada 27. febru\u0101r\u012b<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

It\u0101lijas iekaro\u0161ana<\/strong>

Musulma\u0146i divreiz iebruka C\u0113zara pils\u0113t\u0101, un diem\u017e\u0113l isl\u0101ma avotos ir maz inform\u0101cijas par \u0161iem un citiem l\u012bdz\u012bgiem iebrukumiem. Tas ir t\u0101p\u0113c, ka liel\u0101ko da\u013cu \u0161o iebrukumu veica br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgie mud\u017eahed\u012bni, neatkar\u012bgi no kalif\u0101ta varas. Tas musulma\u0146u v\u0113sturniekiem nav zin\u0101ms par liel\u0101ko da\u013cu \u0161o varon\u012bgo darbu un iekarojumu. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca inform\u0101cijas par \u0161iem iebrukumiem ir ieg\u016bta no Eiropas avotiem.

\u0160\u012b liel\u0101 eposa b\u016bt\u012bba ir t\u0101da, ka br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgie mud\u017eahed\u012bni, apspriedu\u0161ies sav\u0101 starp\u0101, nol\u0113ma iebrukt Romas pils\u0113t\u0101. Vi\u0146i iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja ar \u0161o ideju Sic\u012blijas vald\u012bbai un t\u0101s gubernatoram Al-Fadl ibn D\u017ea`far Al-Hamadhani. Vi\u0146\u0161 savuk\u0101rt nodeva \u0161o jaut\u0101jumu t\u0101 laika Aghlabid princim Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn al-Aghlab. Vi\u0146am \u0161\u012b ideja patika, un vi\u0146\u0161 nodro\u0161in\u0101ja mud\u017eahed\u012bnus ar lielu daudzumu apr\u012bkojuma, p\u0101rtikas un v\u012bru. J\u016bras kampa\u0146a s\u0101k\u0101s 231. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 846. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, virzoties uz It\u0101lijas krastiem, l\u012bdz t\u0101 sasniedza Teveres upes ieteku, kur \u0161\u012bs upes gal\u0101 atrodas Roma. Taj\u0101 laik\u0101 Romas pils\u0113tas m\u016bri neaptv\u0113ra visu vecpils\u0113tu. Dr\u012bz\u0101k reli\u0123iskais rajons, kur\u0101 atrad\u0101s slaven\u0101s P\u0113tera un P\u0101vila bazn\u012bcas, k\u0101 ar\u012b liela temp\u013cu, sv\u0113tn\u012bcu un seno kapu grupa, atrad\u0101s \u0101rpus m\u016briem. Tas bija atst\u0101ts neapsarg\u0101ts, jo kristie\u0161i uzskat\u012bja, ka t\u0101 ir sv\u0113ta vieta, ko aizsarg\u0101 debesis. Mud\u017eahed\u012bni uzbruka \u0161im apgabalam un sagr\u0101ba visus t\u0101 d\u0101rgumus, kas bija neaprakst\u0101mi. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146i aplenca C\u0113zaru pils\u0113tu, un pils\u0113ta bija uz kri\u0161anas robe\u017eas. P\u0101vests Sergijs bija p\u0101rbijies. Romas p\u0101vests toreiz tika br\u012bdin\u0101ts par pla\u0161u uzbrukumu, un vi\u0146\u0161 nos\u016bt\u012bja trauksmes sign\u0101lus Eiropas kara\u013ciem un prin\u010diem. Toreiz\u0113jais franku imperators Luijs II uz\u0146\u0113m\u0101s iniciat\u012bvu un nos\u016bt\u012bja lielu savu karav\u012bru kampa\u0146u, lai gl\u0101btu Romu un t\u0101s bazn\u012bcas. Sakar\u0101 ar domstarp\u012bb\u0101m, kas rad\u0101s starp pa\u0161iem musulma\u0146u kampa\u0146as vad\u012bt\u0101jiem, musulma\u0146i p\u0101rtrauca aplenkumu un atgriez\u0101s Sic\u012blij\u0101, apkrauti ar laup\u012bjumu un g\u016bstek\u0146iem.

\u0160is musulma\u0146u mud\u017eahed\u012bnu drosm\u012bgais m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums atkl\u0101ja Romas pils\u0113tas, kas savulaik bija sen\u0101s pasaules galvaspils\u0113ta un glob\u0101l\u0101s kristiet\u012bbas centrs, aizsardz\u012bbas v\u0101jumu un trauslumu. Musulma\u0146i nol\u0113ma m\u0113\u0123in\u0101t v\u0113lreiz, l\u012bdz rad\u012bsies iesp\u0113ja. Tas notika 870. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, ar sp\u0113c\u012bgu t\u0101 laika aglab\u012bdu prin\u010da Muhameda ibn Ahmada ibn al-Aglaba atbalstu. \u0160im princim gadu iepriek\u0161, 869. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, bija izdevies iekarot Maltas salu. Vi\u0146a amb\u012bcijas pieauga, lai sasniegtu Romas iekaro\u0161anas godu. Patie\u0161\u0101m, mud\u017eahed\u012bnu flotes tik\u0101s ar aglab\u012bdu flot\u0113m, un t\u0101s dev\u0101s pa to pa\u0161u mar\u0161rutu k\u0101 iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 kampa\u0146\u0101, l\u012bdz sasniedza Teveres upes ieteku. Toreiz\u0113jais Romas p\u0101vests Leons IV, m\u0101c\u012bjies no iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 iebrukuma, steidz\u0101s un l\u016bdza D\u017eenovas un Neapoles flot\u0113m atvair\u012bt musulma\u0146u j\u016bras kampa\u0146u pret Romu. Net\u0101lu no Ostijas ostas \u016bde\u0146iem starp ab\u0101m pus\u0113m izc\u0113l\u0101s milz\u012bga j\u016bras kauja, kur\u0101 musulma\u0146i gandr\u012bz sagr\u0101va kristie\u0161u flotes. Ja Ostiju neb\u016btu sk\u0101ra sp\u0113c\u012bga j\u016bras v\u0113tra, kaujas b\u016btu apst\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s.

\u0160\u012b sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101 v\u0113tra neattur\u0113ja musulma\u0146us, un, neskatoties uz lielajiem zaud\u0113jumiem v\u0113tras rezult\u0101t\u0101, vi\u0146i uzst\u0101ja turpin\u0101t iebrukumu un ar visliel\u0101ko sp\u0113ku aplenca pils\u0113tu, l\u012bdz t\u0101 bija uz kri\u0161anas robe\u017eas. Tas pamudin\u0101ja p\u0101vestu J\u0101ni VIII, kur\u0161 nomain\u012bja Leonu IV, kur\u0161 nomira no b\u0113d\u0101m par kristiet\u012bbai nodar\u012btaj\u0101m nelaim\u0113m, pak\u013cauties musulma\u0146u nosac\u012bjumiem un maks\u0101t vi\u0146iem ikgad\u0113ju nodevu divdesmit piecu t\u016bksto\u0161u sudraba mitkalu apm\u0113r\u0101. Tam bija smaga ietekme uz krist\u012bgaj\u0101m valst\u012bm kopum\u0101 un jo \u012bpa\u0161i uz Eiropu, jo k\u0101 gan p\u0101vests var\u0113ja maks\u0101t nodevas musulma\u0146iem? Ta\u010du \u0161\u012b ir neap\u0161aub\u0101ma v\u0113sturiska paties\u012bba. To ir redz\u0113ju\u0161i un pierakst\u012bju\u0161i ienaidnieki sav\u0101s gr\u0101mat\u0101s, pat ja tas vi\u0146us apkauno un apb\u0113dina. T\u0101 ir ar\u012b viena no pag\u0101tnes lepnuma, cie\u0146as un varon\u012bbas ain\u0101m, par kuru musulma\u0146iem tagad ir j\u0101m\u0101c\u0101s un j\u0101g\u016bst labums.

K\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s bij\u0101m lieliski
Tamera Badra gr\u0101mata (Neaizmirstamas valstis)\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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