{"id":21940,"date":"2025-03-27T12:03:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21940"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:18:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:18:40","slug":"hfdjdjh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21940","title":{"rendered":"Sept\u012btais krusta kar\u0161 pret \u0112\u0123ipti"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019. gada 20. febru\u0101r\u012b<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sept\u012btais krusta kar\u0161 pret \u0112\u0123ipti<\/strong>

Sept\u012bt\u0101s kampa\u0146as iemesli<\/strong>
Kop\u0161 divpadsmit\u0101 gadsimta vidus Eirop\u0101 vald\u012bja uzskats, ka, kam\u0113r \u0112\u0123ipte saglab\u0101s savu sp\u0113ku un varu, krusta kariem neb\u016bs iesp\u0113jas g\u016bt pan\u0101kumus un atg\u016bt Jeruzalemi no musulma\u0146iem, kuriem 1244.\u00a0gad\u0101 kara\u013ca Al-Saliha Aj\u016bba vad\u012bb\u0101 izdev\u0101s to otro reizi atg\u016bt no krustne\u0161iem. Franki p\u0113c kara\u013ca Al-Kamila n\u0101ves 1229.\u00a0gad\u0101 franki atjaunoja Jeruzalemes citadeli, kas noz\u012bm\u0113ja, ka vi\u0146i lauza l\u012bguma un pamiera noteikumus starp vi\u0146iem un musulma\u0146iem, ko karalis Al-Kamils bija parakst\u012bjis ar vi\u0146iem 1229.\u00a0gad\u0101. Musulma\u0146i to aplenca un iekaroja, un 1240.\u00a0gad\u0101 izn\u012bcin\u0101ja citadeli, kas noz\u012bm\u0113ja, ka t\u0101 bija palikusi krustne\u0161u rok\u0101s apm\u0113ram vienpadsmit gadus, kop\u0161 Al-Kamils nodeva vi\u0146iem Jeruzalemi. \u0160is bija iemesls, kas noveda pie Luija IX vad\u012bt\u0101 Sept\u012bt\u0101 krusta kara pret \u0112\u0123ipti, kampa\u0146as, kurai krist\u012bgie Rietumi gatavoj\u0101s sadarb\u012bb\u0101 ar p\u0101vestu Inocentu IV un Francijas karali Luiju IX, un Lionas reli\u0123isk\u0101 padome 646. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1248. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus sa\u0146\u0113ma aicin\u0101jumu to r\u012bkot.

Alianse, kas nenotika<\/strong>
Kampa\u0146as m\u0113r\u0137is nebija tikai atg\u016bt Jeruzalemi vai uzbrukt \u0112\u0123iptei, jo t\u0101 bija svar\u012bga milit\u0101r\u0101 b\u0101ze un atsl\u0113ga uz Jeruzalemi. T\u0101 bija v\u0113rsta ar\u012b uz t\u0101lejo\u0161u m\u0113r\u0137i: izveidot kristie\u0161u un pag\u0101nu aliansi starp krustne\u0161iem un mongo\u013ciem, kas, no vienas puses, izn\u012bcin\u0101tu Aj\u016bb\u012bdu valsti \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un Levant\u0113, bet, no otras puses, ielenktu un aplenktu isl\u0101ma pasauli no austrumiem un rietumiem.
P\u0101vesta pl\u0101ns balst\u012bj\u0101s uz krusta karu uzbrukumu ar\u0101bu re\u0123ionam no Vidusj\u016bras krastiem un milit\u0101r\u0101s programmas s\u0101k\u0161anu, ie\u0146emot Damietu, kas tolaik bija vissvar\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 osta Vidusj\u016bras austrumu basein\u0101. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 mongo\u013cu sp\u0113ki virz\u012bsies no austrumiem, lai s\u0101ktu uzbrukumu isl\u0101ma re\u0123ionam. Barbariskajiem mongo\u013cu sp\u0113kiem bija izdevies iebrukt isl\u0101ma pasaules austrumu pus\u0113.
Lai sasniegtu \u0161o m\u0113r\u0137i, p\u0101vests Inocents IV nos\u016bt\u012bja divas s\u016btniec\u012bbas pie mongo\u013ciem, ta\u010du t\u0101s neguva pan\u0101kumus. Mongo\u013cu lielhanam bija citi pl\u0101ni. Vi\u0146\u0161 nos\u016bt\u012bja p\u0101vestam v\u0113st\u012bjumu, l\u016bdzot atz\u012bt vi\u0146a suverenit\u0101ti un pazi\u0146ot par pak\u013cau\u0161anos vi\u0146am un Eiropas kara\u013ciem. Vi\u0146\u0161 pat l\u016bdza p\u0101vestu atvest uz savu galmu visus Eiropas kara\u013cus, lai samaks\u0101tu nodevu, uzskatot vi\u0146u par tat\u0101ru lielhanu un visas pasaules valdnieku.
Krustne\u0161u un mongo\u013cu alianses projekta neveiksme neko nemain\u012bja. Krusta kar\u0161 dev\u0101s 1248.\u00a0gada ruden\u012b no Francijas ostas Marse\u013cas uz Kipras salu un k\u0101du laiku tur palika. P\u0113c tam tas dev\u0101s ce\u013c\u0101 n\u0101kam\u0101 gada, 1249.\u00a0gada pavasar\u012b un p\u0113c labas sagatavo\u0161an\u0101s dev\u0101s uz \u0112\u0123iptes krastu. T\u0101 v\u012bru skaits sasniedza aptuveni piecdesmit t\u016bksto\u0161us karav\u012bru, kuru priek\u0161gal\u0101 bija Francijas kara\u013ca br\u0101\u013ci: K\u0101rlis no An\u017e\u016b un Roberts no Arto.

Sagatavo\u0161ana un apr\u012bkojums<\/strong>
Al-Salihs Aj\u016bbs uzzin\u0101ja par \u0161o kampa\u0146u, atrodoties Levant\u0113. Vi\u0146\u0161 dzird\u0113ja par krustne\u0161u sp\u0113ku pulc\u0113\u0161anos Kipr\u0101 un vi\u0146u gatavo\u0161anos iebrukt \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un to ie\u0146emt. Vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, neskatoties uz savu slim\u012bbu, un s\u0101ka k\u0101rtot savas milit\u0101r\u0101s lietas.
Kad Al-Salihs Aj\u016bbs uzzin\u0101ja, ka Damietas pils\u0113ta b\u016bs krustne\u0161u v\u0113lamais ce\u013c\u0161 iebrukumam \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, vi\u0146\u0161 apmet\u0101s ar saviem armijas sp\u0113kiem uz dienvidiem no t\u0101s A\u0161m\u016bnas Tanas pils\u0113t\u0101, ko tagad \u0112\u0123iptes zieme\u013cos sauc par A\u0161m\u016bnas al-Rumanu. Vi\u0146\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja pils\u0113tu nocietin\u0101t un nos\u016bt\u012bja uz to armiju prin\u010da Fakhr al-Din Jusufa vad\u012bb\u0101, pav\u0113lot vi\u0146am apmesties pils\u0113tas rietumu krast\u0101, lai ne\u013cautu ienaidniekam izs\u0113sties krast\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 tur apmet\u0101s ar nometni pret\u012b pils\u0113tai, un starp vi\u0146u bija N\u012bla.
Krustne\u0161u flote sasniedza \u0112\u0123iptes \u016bde\u0146us pie Damietas 647.\u00a0gada Safara m\u0113ne\u0161a 20.\u00a0datum\u0101 \/ 1249.\u00a0gada j\u016bnij\u0101. N\u0101kamaj\u0101 dien\u0101 krustne\u0161i izs\u0113d\u0101s N\u012blas rietumu krast\u0101. Starp vi\u0146iem un musulma\u0146iem izc\u0113l\u0101s sadursmes, p\u0113c kur\u0101m princis Fakhrs al-Dins un vi\u0146a sp\u0113ki, kas bija atbild\u012bgi par pils\u0113tas aizsardz\u012bbu, atk\u0101p\u0101s uz sult\u0101na nometni A\u0161mumastan\u0101.
Kad Damietas iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji redz\u0113ja garnizona atk\u0101p\u0161anos, vi\u0146i bail\u0113s un panik\u0101 b\u0113ga, atst\u0101jot st\u0101vam tiltu, kas savienoja rietumu krastu ar Damietu. Krustne\u0161i to \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja un viegli ie\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Damieta bez c\u012b\u0146as non\u0101ca Sept\u012bt\u0101 krustne\u0161a sp\u0113ku rok\u0101s.
Zi\u0146as par Damietas kri\u0161anu Al-Salihs Aj\u016bbs uztv\u0113ra ar s\u0101pju un dusmu sajaukumu. Vi\u0146\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja p\u0101rvietot vair\u0101kus b\u0113go\u0161os bru\u0146iniekus un nor\u0101ja princi Fakhru al-Dinu par vi\u0146a nolaid\u012bbu un v\u0101jumu. Vi\u0146\u0161 bija spiests p\u0101rvietot savu nometni uz Mans\u016bras pils\u0113tu. Karaku\u0123i bija izvietoti N\u012bl\u0101 pils\u0113tas virzien\u0101, un mud\u017eahed\u012bnu grupas, kas bija aizb\u0113gu\u0161as no Levantes un isl\u0101ma Magribas, pulc\u0113j\u0101s pils\u0113t\u0101.
Lieta aprobe\u017eoj\u0101s ar musulma\u0146u fedaj\u012bnu veiktiem reidiem krustne\u0161u nometn\u0113 un visu, ko vien var\u0113ja dab\u016bt rok\u0101s, nolaup\u012b\u0161anu. Vi\u0146i izstr\u0101d\u0101ja metodes, k\u0101 to izdar\u012bt, kas izrais\u012bja izbr\u012bnu un apbr\u012bnu. Viens \u0161\u0101ds piem\u0113rs bija musulma\u0146u mud\u017eah\u012bds, kur\u0161 izdoba za\u013cu arb\u016bzu, ieb\u0101za taj\u0101 galvu un tad ienirst \u016bden\u012b, l\u012bdz pietuvoj\u0101s krustne\u0161u nometnei. Da\u017ei no kaujiniekiem dom\u0101ja, ka vi\u0146\u0161 ir arb\u016bzs, kas peld \u016bden\u012b, bet, kad vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s lej\u0101 to pa\u0146emt, musulma\u0146u fedaj\u012bni vi\u0146u no\u0137\u0113ra un atveda k\u0101 ieslodz\u012bto. Krustne\u0161u g\u016bstek\u0146u procesijas Kairas iel\u0101s vairoj\u0101s, palielin\u0101jot cilv\u0113ku entuziasmu un pace\u013cot c\u012bn\u012bt\u0101ju mor\u0101li debes\u012bs.
Tikm\u0113r \u0112\u0123iptes flote aplenca eksped\u012bcijas sp\u0113kus un nogrieza vi\u0146u apg\u0101des l\u012bnijas Damiet\u0101. \u0160\u012b situ\u0101cija turpin\u0101j\u0101s se\u0161us m\u0113ne\u0161us p\u0113c eksped\u012bcijas iera\u0161an\u0101s, kam\u0113r Luijs IX gaid\u012bja sava br\u0101\u013ca, gr\u0101fa de Puatj\u0113, iera\u0161anos Damiet\u0101. Kad vi\u0146\u0161 ierad\u0101s, karalis sasauca kara padomi, lai izstr\u0101d\u0101tu uzbrukuma pl\u0101nu, un vi\u0146i nol\u0113ma doties uz Kairu. Vi\u0146u sp\u0113ki atst\u0101ja Damietu sestdien, 12. \u0161ab\u0101n\u0101, 647. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1249. gada 20. novembr\u012b, un vi\u0146u ku\u0123i ku\u0123oja l\u012bdz\u0101s vi\u0146iem pa N\u012blas atzaru. Damiet\u0101 palika krustne\u0161u garnizons.

Kara\u013ca Al-Saliha n\u0101ve<\/strong>
Kam\u0113r krustne\u0161u kampa\u0146a rit\u0113ja piln\u0101 spar\u0101, \u0160abana piecpadsmit\u0101 datuma nakt\u012b 647. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1249. gada 22. novembr\u012b nomira karalis As-Salihs Aj\u016bbs. Vi\u0146a sieva \u0160ajarata al-Durra p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma valsts lietas, nosl\u0113pusi zi\u0146as par vi\u0146a n\u0101vi, baidoties no nesaska\u0146\u0101m musulma\u0146u vid\u016b. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 vi\u0146a nos\u016bt\u012bja zi\u0146u savam aud\u017eud\u0113lam un mantiniekam Turanam \u0160aham, mudinot vi\u0146u pamest Hisn Kaifu, net\u0101lu no Ir\u0101kas robe\u017eas, un steigties atgriezties \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, lai k\u0101ptu tron\u012b, aizst\u0101jot savu t\u0113vu.
Zi\u0146as par kara\u013ca As-Saliha Aj\u016bba n\u0101vi nopl\u016bda krustne\u0161u rok\u0101s, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i s\u0101ka doties ce\u013c\u0101. Vi\u0146i atst\u0101ja Damietu un dev\u0101s uz dienvidiem gar N\u012blas austrumu krastu l\u012bdz Damietas atzaram, vi\u0146u ku\u0123iem virzoties l\u012bdz\u0101s pa N\u012blu, l\u012bdz sasniedza A\u0161mumas j\u016bru jeb kan\u0101lu, kas m\u016bsdien\u0101s paz\u012bstams k\u0101 "Maz\u0101 j\u016bra". Pa labi no vi\u0146iem bija N\u012blas atzars, bet priek\u0161\u0101 - A\u0161mumas kan\u0101ls, kas vi\u0146us atdal\u012bja no musulma\u0146u nometn\u0113m net\u0101lu no Mans\u016bras pils\u0113tas.
Lai turpin\u0101tu g\u0101jienu, krustne\u0161iem bija j\u0101\u0161\u0137\u0113rso Damietas atzars jeb A\u0161mumas kan\u0101ls. Luijs IX izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s kan\u0101lu un \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja to ar da\u017eu nodev\u0113ju pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Musulma\u0146i nezin\u0101ja, ka krustne\u0161i ir iebruku\u0161i vi\u0146u nometn\u0113. \u0112\u0123iptes karav\u012bru vid\u016b izc\u0113l\u0101s panika, un krustne\u0161i Roberta Artu\u0101 vad\u012bb\u0101 ie\u0146\u0113ma vienus no Mans\u016bras v\u0101rtiem. Vi\u0146iem izdev\u0101s iek\u013c\u016bt pils\u0113t\u0101 un vi\u0146i s\u0101ka nogalin\u0101t \u0113\u0123iptie\u0161us pa labi un pa kreisi, l\u012bdz vi\u0146u avangards sasniedza pa\u0161as sult\u0101na pils v\u0101rtus. Vi\u0146i izkl\u012bda pils\u0113tas alej\u0101s, kur cilv\u0113ki s\u0101ka mest uz vi\u0146iem akme\u0146us, \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cus un bultas.
Kam\u0113r vi\u0146i atrad\u0101s \u0161\u0101d\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b, dom\u0101jot, ka uzvara ir vi\u0146u rok\u0101s, realit\u0101te, nevis il\u016bzija, un vi\u0146u dv\u0113seles bija nomierin\u0101ju\u0161as \u0161ie pan\u0101kumi un triumfs, Bahri mameluki "Bajbarsa al-Bundukdari" vad\u012bb\u0101 uzbruka krustne\u0161iem, kam\u0113r tie bija saj\u016bsm\u0101 un augstpr\u0101t\u012bb\u0101, 647. gada Dhul-Qi'dah 4. datum\u0101 \/ 1250. gada 8. febru\u0101r\u012b p\u0113c Kristus. Vi\u0146u uzvara p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0101s sak\u0101v\u0113, un mameluki vi\u0146us pla\u0161i nogalin\u0101ja, l\u012bdz gandr\u012bz piln\u012bb\u0101 izn\u012bcin\u0101ja, tostarp pa\u0161u gr\u0101fu Artu\u0101.
Dienu p\u0113c Mans\u016bras kaujas \u0112\u0123iptes armijas virspav\u0113lnieks princis Fariss al-Dins Aktajs sar\u012bkoja kara padomi, kur\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 par\u0101d\u012bja saviem virsniekiem gr\u0101fa Artu\u0101 m\u0113teli, uzskatot to par kara\u013ca m\u0113teli. Vi\u0146\u0161 pazi\u0146oja, ka kara\u013ca n\u0101ve prasa t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113ju uzbrukumu krustne\u0161iem, pamatojot to ar v\u0101rdiem: "Tauta bez kara\u013ca ir \u0137ermenis bez galvas, un no t\u0101s nav nek\u0101du briesmu." T\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 pazi\u0146oja, ka bez vilcin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s uzbruks krustne\u0161u armijai.
Piektdienas, 1250. gada 11. febru\u0101ra (p\u0113c Kristus 647. gada Dhu al-Qi'dah) r\u012btausm\u0101 \u0112\u0123iptes armija s\u0101ka uzbrukumu franku nometnei, ta\u010du karalis Luijs sp\u0113ja notur\u0113t savas poz\u012bcijas p\u0113c smagiem zaud\u0113jumiem. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di beidz\u0101s Otr\u0101 Mans\u016bras kauja. P\u0113c \u0161\u012bs kaujas krustne\u0161i saprata, ka nevar palikt sav\u0101s poz\u012bcij\u0101s un ka vi\u0146iem j\u0101atk\u0101pjas uz Damietu, pirms nav par v\u0113lu.
Turans \u0160ahs un vi\u0146a pl\u0101ns
P\u0113c \u0161\u012bs kaujas nepag\u0101ja daudz dienu, l\u012bdz Turans \u0160ahs ierad\u0101s 1250. gada 27. febru\u0101r\u012b (647. gada Dhul-Qi'dah 23. datum\u0101). Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma armijas vad\u012bbu un s\u0101ka gatavot pl\u0101nu, k\u0101 piespiest karali Luiju IX padoties, nogrie\u017eot fran\u010du atk\u0101p\u0161an\u0101s l\u012bniju. Vi\u0146\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja vair\u0101kus demont\u0113tus ku\u0123us p\u0101rvest uz kamie\u013ciem un izkraut aiz krustne\u0161u l\u012bnij\u0101m N\u012bl\u0101.
T\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 \u0113\u0123iptie\u0161u flotes var\u0113ja uzbrukt krustne\u0161u ku\u0123iem, kas bija piekrauti ar p\u0101rtiku un kr\u0101jumiem, tos sagr\u0101bt un sag\u016bst\u012bt uz kl\u0101ja eso\u0161os cilv\u0113kus. Tas noveda pie fran\u010du situ\u0101cijas pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, vi\u0146u nometn\u0113 izc\u0113loties badam un karav\u012bru vid\u016b izplatoties slim\u012bb\u0101m un epid\u0113mij\u0101m. Tad Luijs IX l\u016bdza pamieru un Damietas nodo\u0161anu apmai\u0146\u0101 pret krustne\u0161u Jeruzalemes un da\u017eu Levantes piekrastes zemju ie\u0146em\u0161anu. \u0112\u0123iptie\u0161i atteic\u0101s no t\u0101 un uzst\u0101ja uz d\u017eih\u0101da turpin\u0101\u0161anu.
Krustne\u0161iem nebija citas izv\u0113les k\u0101 vien tumsas aizseg\u0101 atk\u0101pties uz Damietu. Karalis pav\u0113l\u0113ja nojaukt A\u0161mumas kan\u0101la tiltu, ta\u010du vi\u0146i steidz\u0101s un aizmirsa tiltu p\u0101rcirst. \u0112\u0123iptie\u0161i to nekav\u0113joties \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja tre\u0161dien, Muharrama m\u0113ne\u0161a 3. datum\u0101, 648. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1250. gada apr\u012bl\u012b. Vi\u0146i vaj\u0101ja krustne\u0161us un vaj\u0101ja tos l\u012bdz Faraskurai, aplencot tos no vis\u0101m pus\u0113m un uzbr\u016bkot k\u0101 zibens sp\u0113rienam. Vi\u0146i nogalin\u0101ja vair\u0101k nek\u0101 desmit t\u016bksto\u0161us no vi\u0146iem un sag\u016bst\u012bja desmitiem t\u016bksto\u0161u. Starp g\u016bstek\u0146iem bija pats karalis Luijs IX, kur\u0161 tika sag\u016bst\u012bts "Minja Abdulas" ciemat\u0101 uz zieme\u013ciem no Mans\u016bras pils\u0113tas. Vi\u0146\u0161 tika p\u0101rvietots uz tiesne\u0161a Fahra al-Dina ibn Lukmana m\u0101ju, kur vi\u0146\u0161 palika g\u016bsteknis. Karalim Luijam IX tika noteikti bargi nosac\u012bjumi, lai vi\u0146\u0161 atpirktos no g\u016bsta, tostarp tas, ka vi\u0146\u0161 atpirksies ar asto\u0146simt t\u016bksto\u0161iem zelta din\u0101ru, no kuriem pusi vi\u0146\u0161 samaks\u0101s nekav\u0113joties, bet otru pusi n\u0101kotn\u0113 k\u0101 kompens\u0101ciju par \u0112\u0123iptei nodar\u012bto kait\u0113jumu. Turans \u0160ahs krustne\u0161us tur\u0113ja g\u016bst\u0101 l\u012bdz\u2026 Tika samaks\u0101ta atliku\u0161\u0101 izpirkuma summa, k\u0101 ar\u012b atbr\u012bvoti musulma\u0146u g\u016bstek\u0146i, nodota Damietas pils\u0113ta musulma\u0146iem, nosl\u0113gts desmit gadu pamiers starp ab\u0101m pus\u0113m un dots sol\u012bjums vairs neatgriezties \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113. Puse no izpirkuma summas tika sav\u0101kta ar gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m, un karalis Luijs IX tika atbr\u012bvots un vi\u0146am tika at\u013cauts pamest \u0112\u0123ipti. Vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s uz Akru un p\u0113c tam atgriez\u0101s sav\u0101 valst\u012b.

Krustne\u0161u v\u0113sturnieks Metj\u016b Pariss apraksta krustne\u0161u izjusto s\u0101pju apm\u0113ru p\u0113c sak\u0101ves \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, sakot: \u201cAk vai, visa kristie\u0161u armija \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 tika saplos\u012bta gabalos! Taj\u0101 bija Francijas di\u017ecilt\u012bgie, hospit\u0101\u013cu bru\u0146inieki, Sv\u0113t\u0101s Marijas teitoni un Sv\u0113t\u0101 L\u0101cara bru\u0146inieki.\u201d

Sept\u012btais krusta kar\u0161 bija p\u0113d\u0113jais lielais krusta kar\u0161 pret \u0112\u0123ipti, un krustne\u0161i nekad nesp\u0113ja atg\u016bt Jeruzalemi. \u0160\u012b uzvara pav\u0113ra ce\u013cu Bahri mamelukiem, kuri drosm\u012bgi pretoj\u0101s krusta karam, lai uz Aj\u016bb\u012bdu valsts drup\u0101m \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 nodibin\u0101tu savu valsti. Nepilnu m\u0113nesi p\u0113c \u0161\u012bs uzvaras mameluki nogalin\u0101ja Turanu \u0160ahu un iec\u0113la \u0160ad\u017earu al-Duru par \u0112\u0123iptes sult\u0101ni. Tas iez\u012bm\u0113ja mameluku sult\u0101nu \u0113ras s\u0101kumu \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un Levant\u0113.

K\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s bij\u0101m lieliski<\/span><\/h1>


Gr\u0101mata (Neaizmirstamie st\u0101vok\u013ci) no noda\u013cas par Aj\u016bb\u012bdu valsti, kuras autors ir Tamers Badrs\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 642 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1244\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21940","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21940\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}