{"id":21865,"date":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21865"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","slug":"gfhgfsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21865","title":{"rendered":"Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2014. gada 2. febru\u0101r\u012b<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi

Vi\u0146\u0161 ir karalis Al-Nasirs Abu Al-Muzafars Jusufs bin Aj\u016bbs bin \u0160adi bin Marvans, Aj\u016bb\u012bdu dinastijas dibin\u0101t\u0101js \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un Levant\u0113. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir c\u0113ls bru\u0146inieks, drosm\u012bgs varonis un viens no lab\u0101kajiem cilv\u0113cei zin\u0101majiem vad\u012bt\u0101jiem. Vi\u0146a mor\u0101li apliecin\u0101ja vi\u0146a ienaidnieki krustne\u0161u vid\u016b, pirms to dar\u012bja vi\u0146a draugi un biogr\u0101fi. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir unik\u0101ls isl\u0101ma rad\u012btas milzu person\u012bbas piem\u0113rs. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir varonis Saladins Al-Aj\u016bbi, Jeruzalemes atbr\u012bvot\u0101js no krustne\u0161iem un Hattinas kaujas varonis.
Vi\u0146a audzin\u0101\u0161ana
Saladins piedzima Tikrit\u0101 532.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1138.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus kurdu \u0123imen\u0113. Vi\u0146a t\u0113vs bija Tikritas citadeles gubernators Behruza v\u0101rd\u0101, un vi\u0146a t\u0113vocis Asads ad-Dins \u0160irk\u016b bija viens no iev\u0113rojam\u0101kajiem Mosulas valdnieka Nur ad-Din Zengida armijas komandieriem. Sav\u0101di, ka Saladina Jusufa ibn Nad\u017ema ad-Dina Aj\u016bba ibn \u0160adi dzim\u0161ana sakrita ar laiku, kad vi\u0146a t\u0113vs bija spiests pamest Tikritu, kas lika vi\u0146a t\u0113vam justies neveiksm\u012bgam. Viens no kl\u0101teso\u0161ajiem vi\u0146am jaut\u0101ja: "K\u0101 tu zini, ka \u0161is jaundzimu\u0161ais k\u013c\u016bs par lielu un slavenu karali?!"
Nad\u017ems al-Dins Aj\u016bbs ar \u0123imeni p\u0101rc\u0113l\u0101s no Tikritas uz Mosulu un apmet\u0101s pie Im\u0101da al-Dina Zend\u017ei, kur\u0161 vi\u0146u godin\u0101ja. B\u0113rns Saladins uzauga sv\u0113t\u012bg\u0101 audzin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, kur vi\u0146\u0161 tika audzin\u0101ts goda un bru\u0146niec\u012bbas cien\u012bg\u0101 vid\u0113, apm\u0101c\u012bts r\u012bkoties ar iero\u010diem un d\u017eih\u0101da m\u012blest\u012bb\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 las\u012bja Sv\u0113to Kor\u0101nu, iegaum\u0113ja c\u0113los had\u012bsus un apguva ar\u0101bu valodu, cik vien sp\u0113ja.
Salah al-Din, ministrs \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113
Pirms Saladina iera\u0161an\u0101s \u0112\u0123ipte bija Fatim\u012bdu kalif\u0101ta rezidence. Taj\u0101 laik\u0101 \u0112\u0123ipte bija da\u017e\u0101du sektu iek\u0161\u0113ju sacel\u0161anos upuris, s\u0101kot no turku mamelukiem l\u012bdz sud\u0101nie\u0161iem un marok\u0101\u0146iem. Situ\u0101cija bija nestabila nemieru d\u0113\u013c, ko izrais\u012bja liela skaita Fatim\u012bdu kalifu \u012bslaic\u012bga n\u0101k\u0161ana pie varas, kuru l\u0113mumus kontrol\u0113ja virkne ministru. Krustne\u0161i iek\u0101roja \u0112\u0123ipti. Kad komandieris Nur ad-Din Mahmuds redz\u0113ja \u0161\u012bs nesaska\u0146as un saprata, ka krustne\u0161u Jeruzalemes karalis alkat\u012bgi v\u0113las okup\u0113t \u0112\u0123ipti, Nur ad-Din Mahmuds nos\u016bt\u012bja armiju no Damaskas uz \u0112\u0123ipti Asada ad-Dina \u0160irka vad\u012bb\u0101, kuram pal\u012bdz\u0113ja vi\u0146a br\u0101\u013cad\u0113ls Saladins. Kad krustne\u0161i uzzin\u0101ja par Asada ad-Dina \u0160irka iera\u0161anos, vi\u0146i pameta \u0112\u0123ipti, un Asads ad-Dins ierad\u0101s taj\u0101. P\u0113c tam Saladins nomain\u012bja vi\u0146u k\u0101 ministrs.
Sazv\u0113rest\u012bbas teorijas izper\u0113ja savt\u012bgi un ambiciozi cilv\u0113ki, ta\u010du Saladins t\u0101s p\u0101rvar\u0113ja, t\u0101pat k\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101rvar\u0113ja \u0101r\u0113jos nemierus. Saladins redz\u0113ja Batinijas par\u0101d\u012b\u0161anos \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 nodibin\u0101ja divas galven\u0101s skolas \u2014 Nasirijas skolu un Kamilijas skolu \u2014, lai piev\u0113rstu cilv\u0113kus sunn\u012btu dom\u0101\u0161anas skolai, bru\u0123\u0113jot ce\u013cu v\u0113lamaj\u0101m p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m, l\u012bdz Saladins piln\u012bb\u0101 kontrol\u0113ja \u0112\u0123ipti. P\u0113c fatim\u012bdu kalifa Al-Adida n\u0101ves 566. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1171. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus Saladins mudin\u0101ja zin\u0101tniekus pasludin\u0101t Al-Mustadi par Al-Abasi kalifu, l\u016bgt par vi\u0146u piektdien\u0101s un no kanceles teikt spredi\u0137us vi\u0146a v\u0101rd\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Fatim\u012bdu kalif\u0101ts \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 beidz\u0101s, un Saladins vald\u012bja \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 k\u0101 Nur al-Dina p\u0101rst\u0101vis, kur\u0161 galu gal\u0101 atzina Abas\u012bdu kalif\u0101tu. \u0112\u0123ipte atkal atgriez\u0101s isl\u0101ma kalif\u0101ta pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101, un Saladins k\u013cuva par \u0112\u0123iptes valdnieku, nevienam citam neiebilstot taj\u0101 teik\u0161anas.
Valsts dibin\u0101\u0161ana
Nur ad-Dins Mahmuds v\u0113l bija dz\u012bvs, un Saladins baid\u012bj\u0101s, ka Nur ad-Dins ar vi\u0146u c\u012bn\u012bsies, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 apsv\u0113ra iesp\u0113ju mekl\u0113t citu vietu, kur nodibin\u0101t sev valsti. Saladins jau agri s\u0101ka s\u016bt\u012bt da\u013cu savas sv\u012btas, lai izp\u0113t\u012btu situ\u0101ciju N\u016bbij\u0101, Jemen\u0101 un Bark\u0101.
Nur ad-Din Mahmuds nomira \u0160avval\u0101 569. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1174. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus, un situ\u0101cija s\u0101ka nomierin\u0101ties Saladinam, kur\u0161 s\u0101ka str\u0101d\u0101t pie \u0112\u0123iptes un Levantes apvieno\u0161anas. P\u0113c Nur ad-Din n\u0101ves Saladins s\u0101ka doties uz Levantu. Vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s uz Damasku un veiksm\u012bgi apspieda Levant\u0113 izc\u0113lu\u0161\u0101s sacel\u0161an\u0101s, ko izrais\u012bja v\u0113lme ie\u0146emt Nur ad-Din karalisti. Vi\u0146\u0161 tur uztur\u0113j\u0101s gandr\u012bz divus gadus, lai atjaunotu vald\u012bbas stabilit\u0101ti, anekt\u0113jot Damasku, p\u0113c tam ie\u0146emot Homsu un p\u0113c tam Alepo. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di Saladins k\u013cuva par \u0112\u0123iptes un Levantes sult\u0101nu. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un uzs\u0101ka iek\u0161\u0113jas reformas, \u012bpa\u0161i Kair\u0101 un Aleksandrij\u0101. Saladina vara papla\u0161in\u0101j\u0101s vis\u0101 valst\u012b, papla\u0161inoties no N\u016bbijas dienvidos un Kirenaikas rietumos l\u012bdz arm\u0113\u0146u zem\u0113m zieme\u013cos un D\u017eazirai un Mosulai austrumos.
Saladins un d\u017eih\u0101ds
Saladins, lai Dievs vi\u0146am ap\u017e\u0113lojas, bija pilns m\u012blest\u012bbas pret d\u017eih\u0101du un aizraut\u012bbas par to. T\u0101 p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma visu vi\u0146a b\u016bt\u012bbu, tik \u013coti, ka im\u0101ms Al-Dahab\u012b par vi\u0146u Al-S\u012br\u0101 rakst\u012bja: "Vi\u0146am bija aizraut\u012bba ar d\u017eih\u0101da nodibin\u0101\u0161anu un ienaidnieku izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anu, k\u0101da nekad nebija dzird\u0113ta ne par vienu pasaul\u0113."
\u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c, lai Dievs vi\u0146am ap\u017e\u0113lojas, vi\u0146\u0161 pameta savu \u0123imeni, b\u0113rnus un valsti. Vi\u0146am nebija nek\u0101das tieksmes, iz\u0146emot pret vi\u0146u, un nek\u0101das m\u012blest\u012bbas, iz\u0146emot pret vi\u0146a v\u012briem. Tiesnesis Baha al-Dins saka: "Kad k\u0101ds v\u012brietis v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s vi\u0146am tuvoties, vi\u0146\u0161 mudin\u0101ja vi\u0146u c\u012bn\u012bties d\u017eih\u0101d\u0101. Ja vi\u0146\u0161 zv\u0113r\u0113ja, ka p\u0113c do\u0161an\u0101s d\u017eih\u0101d\u0101 nav izt\u0113r\u0113jis ne din\u0101ra, ne dirhama, iz\u0146emot d\u017eih\u0101dam vai kr\u0101jumu ieg\u0101dei, vi\u0146a zv\u0113rests bija patiess un j\u0101pilda."
Katram cilv\u0113kam ir savas r\u016bpes, un cilv\u0113ka r\u016bpes ir proporcion\u0101las vi\u0146a r\u016bp\u0113m. It k\u0101 Ibn al-Kajims, lai Dievs vi\u0146am ap\u017e\u0113lojas, aprakst\u012btu Salah al-Dinu, kad teica: "Sv\u0113tlaime netiek sasniegta caur sv\u0113tlaimi. Prieks un bauda rodas, p\u0101rcie\u0161ot \u0161ausmas un gr\u016bt\u012bbas. Nav prieka tam, kam nav r\u016bpju, nav baudas tam, kam nav paciet\u012bbas, nav sv\u0113tlaimes tam, kam nav cie\u0161anu, un nav atp\u016btas tam, kam nav noguruma."
T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di visa Saladina dz\u012bve bija c\u012b\u0146a. Vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s no viena iekarojuma pie otra, no vienas kaujas pie otra. Ibn al-Atira biogr\u0101fija par vi\u0146u gr\u0101mat\u0101 "Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh" aiz\u0146\u0113ma vair\u0101k nek\u0101 220 lappuses, un visas no t\u0101m bija piepild\u012btas ar c\u012b\u0146u. Hat\u012bnas kauja bija viena no vi\u0146a kauj\u0101m, kas tika uzrakst\u012bta ar gaismas spalv\u0101m uz zelta lappus\u0113m, un t\u0101 tika ierakst\u012bta v\u0113stures pieres k\u0101 liecinieks vis\u0101m c\u012b\u0146as un upuru noz\u012bm\u0113m.
Kar\u0161 ar krustne\u0161iem
Kam\u0113r Saladins papla\u0161in\u0101ja savu ietekmi Levant\u0113, vi\u0146\u0161 bie\u017ei atst\u0101ja krustne\u0161us mier\u0101, atliekot konfront\u0101ciju ar vi\u0146iem, lai gan bie\u017ei vien apzin\u0101j\u0101s t\u0101s neizb\u0113gam\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r, kad konfront\u0101cija tom\u0113r notika, vi\u0146\u0161 parasti uzvar\u0113ja. Iz\u0146\u0113mums bija Montgis\u0101ras kauja 573.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1177.\u00a0gada 25.\u00a0novembr\u012b. Krustne\u0161i nepretoj\u0101s, un Saladins pie\u013c\u0101va k\u013c\u016bdu, atst\u0101jot savus karasp\u0113kus izkl\u012bst un dz\u012bties paka\u013c laup\u012bjumam. Jeruzalemes kara\u013ca Baldvina VI, Reinolda un Templie\u0161u bru\u0146inieku sp\u0113ki uzbruka un sak\u0101va vi\u0146u. Tom\u0113r Saladins atgriez\u0101s un uzbruka franku valst\u012bm no rietumiem, sakaujot Baldvinu Mard\u017eas Aj\u016bnas kauj\u0101 575.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1179.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus un v\u0113lreiz n\u0101kamaj\u0101 gad\u0101 J\u0113kaba l\u012b\u010da kauj\u0101. P\u0113c tam 576.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1180.\u00a0gad\u0101 starp krustne\u0161iem un Saladinu tika nosl\u0113gts pamiers.
Tom\u0113r krustne\u0161u sirojumi atgriez\u0101s, pamudinot Saladinu atbild\u0113t. Reinolds ar savu floti Sarkanaj\u0101 j\u016br\u0101 apdraud\u0113ja tirgot\u0101jus un musulma\u0146u sv\u0113tce\u013cniekus. Saladins 1182.\u00a0gad\u0101 uzb\u016bv\u0113ja 30 ku\u0123u floti, lai uzbruktu Beir\u016btai. P\u0113c tam Reinolds draud\u0113ja uzbrukt Mekai un Medinai. Saladins divas reizes \u2014 1183.\u00a0gad\u0101 un 1184.\u00a0gad\u0101 \u2014 aplenca Karakas cietoksni, Reinolda atbalsta punktu. Reinolds atbild\u0113ja, 1185.\u00a0gad\u0101 uzbr\u016bkot musulma\u0146u sv\u0113tce\u013cnieku karav\u0101n\u0101m.
Jeruzalemes iekaro\u0161ana
1187.\u00a0gad\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca Jeruzalemes karalistes pils\u0113tu un cietok\u0161\u0146u non\u0101ca Saladina rok\u0101s. P\u0113c tam Saladina armijas 1187.\u00a0gada 4.\u00a0j\u016blij\u0101, Rabi al Ahir\u0101, Hattinas kauj\u0101 sak\u0101va krustne\u0161u sp\u0113kus. P\u0113c kaujas Saladina un vi\u0146a br\u0101\u013ca, kara\u013ca al Adila, sp\u0113ki \u0101tri ie\u0146\u0113ma gandr\u012bz visas piekrastes pils\u0113tas uz dienvidiem no Tripoles: Akri, Beir\u016btu, Sidonu, Jafu, C\u0113zareju un A\u0161kelonu. Jeruzalemes Lat\u012b\u0146u karalistes sakari ar Eiropu tika p\u0101rtraukti, un 1187.\u00a0gada septembra otraj\u0101 pus\u0113 Saladina sp\u0113ki aplenca Jeruzalemi. T\u0101s nelielais garnizons nesp\u0113ja to aizst\u0101v\u0113t pret 60\u00a0000 v\u012bru spiedienu. T\u0101 padev\u0101s p\u0113c se\u0161\u0101m dien\u0101m. 1187. gada 12. oktobr\u012b \/ 583. gada 27. Rad\u017eab\u0101 v\u0101rti tika atv\u0113rti un virs Jeruzalemes tika pacelts sult\u0101na Saladina dzeltenais karogs.
Saladins iztur\u0113j\u0101s pret Jeruzalemi un t\u0101s iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem daudz ieciet\u012bg\u0101k un maig\u0101k nek\u0101 krustne\u0161u iebruc\u0113ji, kad tie gandr\u012bz gadsimtu iepriek\u0161 at\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tu no \u0112\u0123iptes varas. Nebija nek\u0101du slepkav\u012bbu, laup\u012b\u0161anu vai bazn\u012bcu izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anas gad\u012bjumu. Jeruzalemes karalistes kri\u0161ana pamudin\u0101ja Romu s\u0101kt gatavoties tre\u0161ajam krusta karam, lai atg\u016btu Jeruzalemi, ta\u010du tas neizdev\u0101s.
Ri\u010dards Lauvassirds un Tre\u0161ais krusta kar\u0161
Jeruzalemes iekaro\u0161ana izrais\u012bja tre\u0161o krusta karu, ko Anglij\u0101 un da\u013c\u0101 Francijas finans\u0113ja \u012bpa\u0161s nodoklis, kas Rietumos bija paz\u012bstams k\u0101 Saladina nodoklis. Kampa\u0146u vad\u012bja tr\u012bs no t\u0101 laika ietekm\u012bg\u0101kajiem Eiropas kara\u013ciem: Anglijas karalis Ri\u010dards Lauvassirds; Francijas karalis Filips Augusts; un V\u0101cijas karalis un Sv\u0113t\u0101s Romas imperators Fr\u012bdrihs Barbarossa. Tom\u0113r p\u0113d\u0113jais ce\u013cojuma laik\u0101 g\u0101ja boj\u0101, un p\u0101r\u0113jie divi pievienoj\u0101s Akras aplenkumam, kas krita 587. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1191. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus. Tr\u012bs t\u016bksto\u0161i musulma\u0146u ieslodz\u012bto, tostarp sievietes un b\u0113rni, tika sod\u012bti ar n\u0101vi. 1191. gada 7. septembr\u012b Saladina armijas sad\u016br\u0101s ar Ri\u010darda vad\u012btaj\u0101m krustne\u0161u armij\u0101m Arsufas kauj\u0101, kur\u0101 Saladins tika sakauts. Tom\u0113r krustne\u0161i nesp\u0113ja iebrukt iek\u0161zem\u0113 un palika piekrast\u0113. Visi vi\u0146u m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumi iekarot Jeruzalemi neizdev\u0101s. 1192. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus Ri\u010dards parakst\u012bja Ramlas l\u012bgumu ar Saladinu, saska\u0146\u0101 ar kuru vi\u0146\u0161 atjaunoja krustne\u0161u Jeruzalemes karalisti piekrastes josl\u0101 starp Jafu un T\u012bru. Jeruzaleme tika atv\u0113rta ar\u012b sv\u0113tce\u013cniekiem. Kristie\u0161iem.
Saladina un Ri\u010darda attiec\u012bbas bija bru\u0146nieciskuma un savstarp\u0113jas cie\u0146as piem\u0113rs, neskatoties uz vi\u0146u milit\u0101ro s\u0101ncens\u012bbu. Kad Ri\u010dards saslima ar drudzi, Saladins ats\u016bt\u012bja vi\u0146am savu person\u012bgo \u0101rstu, k\u0101 ar\u012b svaigus aug\u013cus un ledu dz\u0113rienu atdzes\u0113\u0161anai. Kad Ri\u010dards Arsuf\u0101 pazaud\u0113ja savu zirgu, Saladins vi\u0146am ats\u016bt\u012bja divus.
Ir zin\u0101ms, ka Saladins un Ri\u010dards nekad nav tiku\u0161ies aci pret aci un ka sazi\u0146a starp vi\u0146iem notika rakstiski vai ar kurjeru starpniec\u012bbu.
Vi\u0146a n\u0101ve
Saladinam 589. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus \/ 1193. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus bija piecdesmit septi\u0146i gadi, ta\u010du izs\u012bkums un nogurums, ko vi\u0146\u0161 piedz\u012bvoja konfront\u0101cijas laik\u0101 ar krustne\u0161iem, bija nov\u0101jin\u0101jis vi\u0146a vesel\u012bbu. Vi\u0146\u0161 palika Jeruzalem\u0113, l\u012bdz uzzin\u0101ja par Ri\u010darda Lauvassirds aizie\u0161anu. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 piev\u0113rs\u0101s Palest\u012bnas re\u0123iona administrat\u012bvo lietu organiz\u0113\u0161anai, ta\u010du darbs spieda vi\u0146u doties uz Damasku. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 administrat\u012bv\u0101s probl\u0113mas un organizatorisko uzdevumu uzkr\u0101\u0161an\u0101s, kas vi\u0146am bija uzkr\u0101jusies \u010detru gadu laik\u0101, ko vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bja karojot, lika atlikt vi\u0146a viz\u012bti \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113 un had\u017ea sv\u0113tce\u013cojuma veik\u0161anu, un vi\u0146am bija j\u0101pieliek lielas p\u016bles, lai kompens\u0113tu karu post\u012bjumus. Br\u012bvo laiku vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bja, diskut\u0113jot ar zin\u0101tniekiem par reli\u0123iskiem jaut\u0101jumiem, un da\u017ereiz dev\u0101s med\u012bb\u0101s. Tom\u0113r visi, kas vi\u0146u redz\u0113ja ziemas beig\u0101s, saprata, ka vi\u0146a vesel\u012bba ir sabrukusi. Vi\u0146\u0161 s\u0101ka s\u016bdz\u0113ties par nogurumu un aizm\u0101r\u0161\u012bbu, un vairs nesp\u0113ja uz\u0146emt cilv\u0113kus.
1193. gada 21. febru\u0101r\u012b \/ 589. gada 16. Saf\u0101ra m\u0113nes\u012b \/ vi\u0146u piemekl\u0113ja \u017eults drudzis, kas ilga divpadsmit dienas. Vi\u0146\u0161 slim\u012bbas simptomus pacieta ar sp\u0113ku un mieru, zinot, ka gals ir tuvu. 1. mart\u0101 \/ 24. Saf\u0101ra m\u0113nes\u012b vi\u0146\u0161 non\u0101ca kom\u0101. P\u0113c r\u012btausmas l\u016bg\u0161anas tre\u0161dien, 4. mart\u0101 \/ 27. Saf\u0101ra m\u0113nes\u012b, kam\u0113r klases im\u0101ms \u0161eihs Abu D\u017eafars las\u012bja Kor\u0101nu vi\u0146a priek\u0161\u0101, l\u012bdz sasniedza pantu: {Vi\u0146\u0161 ir All\u0101hs, bez kura nav cita dieva, neredzam\u0101 un liecinieka zin\u0101t\u0101js}, Saladins atv\u0113ra acis un pasmaid\u012bja, vi\u0146a seja iemirdz\u0113j\u0101s, un vi\u0146\u0161 dzird\u0113ja vi\u0146u sak\u0101m: "Patiesi..." Tad vi\u0146\u0161 dev\u0101s pie sava Kunga Damaskas citadel\u0113. Tiesnesis al Fadils un tiesnesis-v\u0113sturnieks Ibn \u0160adads veica vi\u0146a sagatavo\u0161anas darbus, Damaskas sludin\u0101t\u0101js vi\u0146u nomazg\u0101ja, \u013caudis sapulc\u0113j\u0101s citadel\u0113, l\u016bdza par vi\u0146u, un vi\u0146\u0161 tur tika apglab\u0101ts, un b\u0113das izplat\u012bj\u0101s starp jauniem un veciem. Tad vi\u0146a d\u0113ls, karalis al Afdals Ali, tr\u012bs dienas s\u0113d\u0113ja s\u0113r\u0101s un nos\u016bt\u012bja v\u0113stules savam br\u0101lim al Az\u012bzam Usmanam \u0112\u0123ipt\u0113, savam br\u0101lim al Zahiram Gazi Alepo un savam t\u0113vocim al Ad\u012blam al Karak\u0101, un vi\u0146i abi piedal\u012bj\u0101s. Tad vi\u0146a \u012bpa\u0161ums tika nov\u0113rt\u0113ts un sasniedza vienu din\u0101ru un tr\u012bsdesmit se\u0161us dirhamus. Vi\u0146\u0161 neatst\u0101ja nek\u0101du citu naudu, ne fiks\u0113tu, ne kustamu, jo liel\u0101ko da\u013cu savas bag\u0101t\u012bbas bija izt\u0113r\u0113jis labdar\u012bbai.
Lai gan Saladina dibin\u0101t\u0101 valsts p\u0113c vi\u0146a n\u0101ves ilgi nepast\u0101v\u0113ja, isl\u0101ma apzi\u0146\u0101 Saladins tiek uzskat\u012bts par Jeruzalemes atbr\u012bvot\u0101ju, un vi\u0146a t\u0113ls ir iedvesmojis eposus, dzeju un pat ar\u0101bu valstu nacion\u0101l\u0101s izgl\u012bt\u012bbas programmas. Par vi\u0146a dz\u012bvi ir sarakst\u012btas desmitiem gr\u0101matu, un ir adapt\u0113tas lugas, dramatiskie darbi un citi darbi. Saladins joproj\u0101m tiek min\u0113ts k\u0101 ide\u0101la musulma\u0146u l\u012bdera piem\u0113rs, kur\u0161 izl\u0113m\u012bgi st\u0101j\u0101s pret\u012b saviem ienaidniekiem, lai atbr\u012bvotu musulma\u0146u zemes, neapdraudot bru\u0146niec\u012bbas un c\u0113las mor\u0101les principus.
No majora Tamera Badra gr\u0101matas "Neaizmirstamie l\u012bderi"\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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