{"id":21858,"date":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21858"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:55:30","slug":"fdgshhgs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21858","title":{"rendered":"Moceklis Jusefs Al-Azma"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2014. gada 22. janv\u0101r\u012b<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Moceklis Jusefs Al-Azma
Vi\u0146\u0161 ir Jusefs Bejs bin Ibrahims bin Abdulrahmans Al-Azma. Vi\u0146\u0161 pieder pie iev\u0113rojamas Damaskas dzimtas. Vi\u0146\u0161 g\u0101ja boj\u0101 mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113, konfront\u0113joties ar Francijas armiju, kas ierad\u0101s okup\u0113t S\u012briju un Lib\u0101nu, kur vi\u0146\u0161 bija kara ministrs ar\u0101bu vald\u012bb\u0101 S\u012brij\u0101, kuru vad\u012bja karalis Faisals I. Vi\u0146\u0161 bija pirmais ar\u0101bu kara ministrs, kur\u0161 c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s kauj\u0101 un g\u0101ja boj\u0101 mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113.
Vi\u0146a audzin\u0101\u0161ana
Moceklis Jusefs Al-Azmehs piedzima 1884. gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus Damask\u0101, Al-\u0160aguras apkaim\u0113, liel\u0101 un di\u017ecilt\u012bg\u0101 \u0123imen\u0113. Kad vi\u0146am bija 6 gadi, nomira vi\u0146a t\u0113vs, t\u0101p\u0113c par vi\u0146u r\u016bp\u0113j\u0101s br\u0101lis Az\u012bzs.
Al-Azmehs, s\u0101kot ar 1893. gadu, m\u0101c\u012bj\u0101s Damask\u0101, Ru\u0161dihas milit\u0101raj\u0101 skol\u0101, p\u0113c tam no 1897. gada \u2013 Milit\u0101raj\u0101 sagatavo\u0161anas skol\u0101. 1900. gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101rc\u0113l\u0101s uz Milit\u0101ro milit\u0101ro skolu Stambul\u0101. N\u0101kamaj\u0101 gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 iest\u0101j\u0101s Augst\u0101kaj\u0101 milit\u0101raj\u0101 skol\u0101 (Harbiya \u015eahane), kuru absolv\u0113ja 1903. gad\u0101, ieg\u016bstot otr\u0101 leitnanta pak\u0101pi. 1905. gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 tika paaugstin\u0101ts par virsleitnantu un p\u0113c tam, kad Stambul\u0101 bija pabeidzis viet\u0113jo \u0161t\u0101ba kursu, 1907. gad\u0101 \u2013 par kapteini. 1909. gada beig\u0101s vi\u0146\u0161 tika nos\u016bt\u012bts m\u0101c\u012bbu misij\u0101 uz V\u0101ciju, kur divus gadus m\u0101c\u012bj\u0101s Augst\u0101kaj\u0101 milit\u0101r\u0101 \u0161t\u0101ba skol\u0101. P\u0113c tam vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s Stambul\u0101 un tika iecelts par milit\u0101ro ata\u0161eju Osma\u0146u Augstaj\u0101 komisij\u0101 Kair\u0101.
Al-Azma piedal\u012bj\u0101s Balk\u0101nu kar\u0101 1912. gad\u0101, un 1917. gad\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 tika iecelts par Osma\u0146u armijas \u0123ener\u0101linspektora Envera Pa\u0161as pal\u012bgu. Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara beig\u0101s vi\u0146\u0161 str\u0101d\u0101ja par Pirm\u0101 turku korpusa \u0161t\u0101ba priek\u0161nieku, kas aizst\u0101v\u0113ja Dardane\u013cus l\u012bdz kara beig\u0101m. P\u0113c pamiera Al-Azma palika Turcij\u0101, l\u012bdz uzzin\u0101ja par ar\u0101bu vald\u012bbas izveido\u0161anu Damask\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 atk\u0101p\u0101s no amata Turcijas armij\u0101, neskatoties uz laul\u012bb\u0101m ar turcieti, ar kuru vi\u0146am bija vien\u012bgais b\u0113rns, un pievienoj\u0101s ar\u0101bu armijai.
Kara ministrs
P\u0113c pievieno\u0161an\u0101s Faisala Ar\u0101bu armijai Al-Azmehs tika iecelts par sakaru virsnieku Beir\u016bt\u0101, kur vi\u0146\u0161 pirmo reizi izmantoja \u0161ifru Ar\u0101bu vald\u012bbas biroj\u0101. P\u0113c monarhijas pasludin\u0101\u0161anas vi\u0146\u0161 tika p\u0101rcelts no Beir\u016btas un p\u0113c paaugstin\u0101\u0161anas brig\u0101des \u0123ener\u0101\u013ca pak\u0101p\u0113 iecelts par Ar\u0101bu sp\u0113ku \u0161t\u0101ba priek\u0161nieku. P\u0113c tam, kad 1920. gada 3. maij\u0101 tika izveidota Ha\u0161ima al-Atasi Aizsardz\u012bbas ministrija, vi\u0146am tika pie\u0161\u0137irta Kara ministrija, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 velt\u012bja sevi t\u0101s organiz\u0113\u0161anai un jaun\u0101s Ar\u0101bu armijas stiprin\u0101\u0161anai. Vi\u0146\u0161 pat r\u012bkoja milit\u0101ro par\u0101di Damask\u0101, lai uzlabotu mor\u0101li armij\u0101 un iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju vid\u016b, ta\u010du liktenis nedeva vi\u0146am laiku pabeigt \u0161\u012bs armijas organiz\u0113\u0161anu un stiprin\u0101\u0161anu.
Vi\u0146a atrib\u016bti
Jusefs Al-Azmehs bija v\u012brs vis\u0101s \u0161\u012b v\u0101rda noz\u012bm\u0113s, nep\u0101rprotami lepns par sevi un savu ar\u0101bu identit\u0101ti, un vi\u0146am piemita daudzas labas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, ko apliecin\u0101ja pat vi\u0146a ienaidnieki. Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0113c dabas bija ar\u012b milit\u0101rists, uzskatot, ka armijai ir viens uzdevums \u2013 c\u012bn\u012bties neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai vi\u0146\u0161 \u0161aj\u0101 c\u012b\u0146\u0101 uzvar\u0113s vai zaud\u0113s. Vi\u0146\u0161 zin\u0101ja, ka starp s\u012brie\u0161iem un Franciju ir j\u0101b\u016bt iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161ai kaujai, un vi\u0146am nekas netrauc\u0113ja to c\u012bn\u012bties, jo vi\u0146\u0161 jau iepriek\u0161 zin\u0101ja, ka zaud\u0113s, jo uzskat\u012bja, ka fran\u010du karav\u012bru sam\u012bd\u012b\u0161ana pa cilv\u0113ku \u0137erme\u0146iem un izn\u012bcin\u0101to pils\u0113tu ie\u0146em\u0161ana ir t\u016bksto\u0161 rei\u017eu lab\u0101ka un godpiln\u0101ka nek\u0101 valsts v\u0101rtu atv\u0113r\u0161ana, lai Francijas armija var\u0113tu viegli ien\u0101kt un augstpr\u0101t\u012bgi staig\u0101t pa t\u0101s iel\u0101m.
Okup\u0101cija v\u0113las S\u012briju
Kad Francijas vald\u012bba s\u0101ka \u012bstenot Versa\u013cas konferences apstiprin\u0101to mand\u0101tu saska\u0146\u0101 ar Saiksa-Piko l\u012bguma sadal\u012bjumu pilna m\u0113roga milit\u0101ras okup\u0101cijas veid\u0101, Francija nosl\u0113dza pamieru ar Turciju, nos\u016bt\u012bja uz austrumiem lielu skaitu sp\u0113ku un pilnvaroja savu augsto komis\u0101ru \u0123ener\u0101li Guro nos\u016bt\u012bt gal\u012bgo ultim\u0101tu karalim Faisalam. Princis Faisals sa\u0146\u0113ma ultim\u0101tu no \u0123ener\u0101\u013ca Guro, kur\u0161 jau bija izs\u0113dies S\u012brijas piekrast\u0113, pieprasot ar\u0101bu armijas izform\u0113\u0161anu, dzelzce\u013ca nodo\u0161anu Francijas kontrolei, Francijas bankno\u0161u apriti un citus pas\u0101kumus, kas grautu valsts neatkar\u012bbu un bag\u0101t\u012bbu. Karalis Faisals un vi\u0146a kabinets sv\u0101rst\u012bj\u0101s starp piekri\u0161anu un atteik\u0161anos, bet liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no vi\u0146iem piekrita padoties. Vi\u0146i telegraf\u0113ja \u0123ener\u0101lim Guro, un Faisals pav\u0113l\u0113ja izform\u0113t armiju. Tam stingri iebilda kara ministrs Jusufs al Azma, kur\u0161 bija spiests piekrist saviem vald\u012bbas kol\u0113\u0123iem un samierin\u0101ties ar \u0161o pie\u0146em\u0161anu, neskatoties uz savu past\u0101v\u012bgo p\u0101rliec\u012bbu, ka "armija past\u0101v, lai c\u012bn\u012btos, pat ja kaujas izn\u0101kums ir pret to".
Gatavo\u0161an\u0101s pretest\u012bbai
Kam\u0113r uz robe\u017eas izvietot\u0101 ar\u0101bu armija, kas bija izform\u0113ta p\u0113c kara\u013ca Faisala pav\u0113les, atk\u0101p\u0101s, Francijas armija virz\u012bj\u0101s uz priek\u0161u p\u0113c \u0123ener\u0101\u013ca Guro pav\u0113les. Kad \u0123ener\u0101lim Guro tika jaut\u0101ts par \u0161o jaut\u0101jumu, vi\u0146\u0161 atbild\u0113ja, ka Faisala telegramma, kur\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 pie\u0146\u0113ma ultim\u0101ta noteikumus, bija sasniegusi vi\u0146u p\u0113c 24 stundu perioda beig\u0101m. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di karalis un vald\u012bba secin\u0101ja, ka vairs nav vietas \u0161o jauno nosac\u012bjumu pie\u0146em\u0161anai, un tie tika noraid\u012bti. Nacion\u0101listu sp\u0113ki s\u0101ka aicin\u0101t cilv\u0113kus doties uz Maisalunu, lai atvair\u012btu ienaidnieku. Faisals atkal aicin\u0101ja S\u012brijas nacion\u0101listus izveidot civilo armiju, lai aizst\u0101tu izform\u0113to armiju valsts aizst\u0101v\u0113\u0161an\u0101. Tur steidz\u0101s liels p\u016blis, bru\u0146ojies ar vec\u0101m \u0161auten\u0113m, pistol\u0113m, zobeniem un pat katapult\u0101m, lai pievienotos armijas paliek\u0101m, ko Al-Azma bija m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jis sapulcin\u0101t, pirms izpild\u012bja pav\u0113li par t\u0101s izform\u0113\u0161anu, kas iepriek\u0161 bija izdota, rea\u0123\u0113jot uz ultim\u0101tu. Jusufs Al-Azma dev\u0101s uz priek\u0161u, vadot neorganiz\u0113to br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgo p\u016bli kop\u0101 ar nelielu skaitu virsnieku un karav\u012bru. Vi\u0146\u0161 un vi\u0146a pal\u012bgs dev\u0101s uz karalisko pili, lai l\u016bgtu kara\u013ca Faisala at\u013cauju doties uz fronti.
Nebija citas alternat\u012bvas k\u0101 vien izc\u012bn\u012bt nevienl\u012bdz\u012bgu c\u012b\u0146u starp Francijas armiju, kas bija apr\u012bkota ar jaun\u0101kajiem modernajiem iero\u010diem un kuras karav\u012bru skaits bija 9000 un kuru vad\u012bja \u0123ener\u0101lis Gub\u0113, viena no krustne\u0161u vado\u0146u, kur\u0161 1147. gad\u0101 Otr\u0101 krusta kara laik\u0101 iebruka m\u016bsu valst\u012b, mazd\u0113ls, un 8000 karav\u012bru, no kuriem vismaz puse bija br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgie, bru\u0146oti ar novecoju\u0161iem iero\u010diem un bez tankiem, lidma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m vai smag\u0101 apr\u012bkojuma, kurus vad\u012bja Jusufs al Azma.
Maisalunas kauja
1920. gada 23. j\u016blij\u0101 Al-Azma p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma armijas vad\u012bbu Maisal\u016bn\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 tik\u0101s ar virsniekiem, kuri nebija izpild\u012bju\u0161i demobiliz\u0101cijas pav\u0113li, un pazi\u0146oja vi\u0146iem, ka kar\u0161 ir neizb\u0113gams. Vi\u0146\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja visiem sp\u0113kiem b\u016bt gataviem atvair\u012bt uzbr\u016bko\u0161o ienaidnieku. Vi\u0146\u0161 mutiski iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja savus komandierus ar savu aizsardz\u012bbas-uzbrukuma pl\u0101nu, kas sast\u0101v\u0113ja no aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bnijas organiz\u0113\u0161anas frontes centr\u0101 ab\u0101s ce\u013ca pus\u0113s (sird\u012b), vieglo vien\u012bbu izvieto\u0161anas pa labi un pa kreisi no frontes, lai aizsarg\u0101tu flangus (labo un kreiso sp\u0101rnu), k\u0101 ar\u012b viet\u0113ji izgatavotu m\u012bnu izvieto\u0161anas uz ce\u013ciem, kas ved uz \u0161o apgabalu...
Al-Azma ie\u0146\u0113ma poz\u012bcijas frontes komandcentr\u0101, uz augst\u0101k\u0101 kalna, no kura pav\u0113r\u0101s skats uz visu fronti. P\u0113c r\u012bta l\u016bg\u0161anas veik\u0161anas 24.\u00a0datum\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 s\u0101ka gatavoties kaujai, kas ilga no r\u012btausmas l\u012bdz pusdienlaikam.
Pulksten devi\u0146os kauja s\u0101k\u0101s, kad fran\u010du artil\u0113rija s\u0101ka p\u0101rvar\u0113t ar\u0101bu artil\u0113riju, un fran\u010du tanki s\u0101ka virz\u012bties uz ar\u0101bu frontes l\u012bniju aizsardz\u012bbas centr\u0101. Al-Azma pa\u013c\u0101v\u0101s uz apraktaj\u0101m m\u012bn\u0101m, lai aptur\u0113tu \u0161o tanku virz\u012bbu, ta\u010du m\u012bnas neizpild\u012bja savu uzdevumu un nedeva nek\u0101du efektu, t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146\u0161 steidz\u0101s t\u0101s mekl\u0113t un atkl\u0101ja, ka to stieples ir p\u0101rgrieztas!
Fran\u010diem izdev\u0101s g\u016bt negod\u012bgu uzvaru, pateicoties lielajam skaitam un sp\u0113c\u012bgajam bru\u0146ojumam, un neskatoties uz mud\u017eahed\u012bnu drosmi aizst\u0101v\u0113t ar\u0101bu cie\u0146u.
Vi\u0146a mocek\u013ca n\u0101ve
Kaujas laik\u0101, kad beidz\u0101s mun\u012bcija, Al-Azma nok\u0101pa no savas poz\u012bcijas ce\u013ca mal\u0101, kur atrad\u0101s \u0101tr\u0161aujo\u0161a ar\u0101bu lielgabala \u0161\u0101v\u0113js. Vi\u0146\u0161 pav\u0113l\u0113ja ser\u017eantam Sadinam Al-Madfam \u0161aut uz tuvojo\u0161ajiem tankiem. Viens no lielgabalniekiem iz\u0161\u0101va no sava lielgabala uz Al-Azmu, un vi\u0146\u0161 krita k\u0101 moceklis. Vi\u0146\u0161 un lielgabala ser\u017eants, kas atrad\u0101s vi\u0146am blakus, atdeva savas t\u012br\u0101s dv\u0113seles 1920. gada 24. j\u016blij\u0101 plkst. 10:30. Al-Azma g\u0101ja boj\u0101 mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113 Al-Karamas kauj\u0101, kuras izn\u0101kums bija gaid\u0101ms. Vi\u0146\u0161 c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s, aizst\u0101vot savu milit\u0101ro godu un savas valsts godu. Vi\u0146a dz\u012bv\u012bba un valsts, kuru vi\u0146\u0161 aizst\u0101v\u0113ja, dz\u012bv\u012bba beidz\u0101s.
Kauja beidz\u0101s p\u0113c 400 ar\u0101bu karav\u012bru mocek\u013ca n\u0101ves, sal\u012bdzinot ar 42 kritu\u0161ajiem un 154 ievainotajiem franc\u016b\u017eiem.
Al-Azma tika apglab\u0101ts viet\u0101, kur vi\u0146\u0161 tika nogalin\u0101ts mocek\u013ca n\u0101v\u0113, un vi\u0146a kaps Mai\u0161alun\u0101 l\u012bdz pat \u0161ai dienai ir k\u013cuvis par nemirst\u012bgu nacion\u0101l\u0101s upura simbolu, uz kuru katru gadu tiek nesti vainagi no visas S\u012brijas.
Kad fran\u010di bija nostiprin\u0101ju\u0161i kontroli, \u0123ener\u0101lis Guro 1920.\u00a0gada augusta s\u0101kum\u0101 \/ 1338.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus ierad\u0101s Damask\u0101. Pirmais, ko vi\u0146\u0161 izdar\u012bja p\u0113c iera\u0161an\u0101s, bija doties uz varo\u0146a Saladina al Aj\u016bbi kapu un uzrun\u0101t vi\u0146u ar sarkasmu un l\u012bksm\u012bbu: \u201cAk, Saladin, tu krusta karu laik\u0101 mums teici, ka esi atst\u0101jis Austrumus un tur neatgriez\u012bsies, un te nu m\u0113s esam atpaka\u013c. Celies aug\u0161\u0101 un satiec m\u016bs S\u012brij\u0101!\u201d

No majora Tamera Badra gr\u0101matas "Neaizmirstamie l\u012bderi"\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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