{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21855\" class=\"elementor elementor-21855\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d4c04cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d4c04cf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1779729f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1779729f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">2013. gada 22. decembr\u012b<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Darb\u012bbas, kas j\u0101veic saist\u012bb\u0101 ar \u0161o ierakstu\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\">Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija<br class=\"html-br\" \/>(699\u20131342\u00a0AH \/ 1300\u20131924 AD)<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija lepni st\u0101v cilv\u0113ces v\u0113stures vid\u016b, nesot isl\u0101ma karogu vair\u0101k nek\u0101 se\u0161us gadsimtus, iekarojot Eiropu un \u0100ziju un nodibinot di\u017eu isl\u0101ma valsti. Krustne\u0161u Eiropa gadsimtiem ilgi no t\u0101s baid\u012bj\u0101s un baid\u012bj\u0101s, un Eiropa turpin\u0101ja gatavoties t\u0101s izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anai, gaidot iesp\u0113ju p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas. Tom\u0113r Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija un t\u0101s vad\u012bt\u0101ji deva vienu triecienu p\u0113c otra, l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad osma\u0146i sabruka zem\u0113, atteic\u0101s no paties\u0101s isl\u0101ma varas un p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma varas l\u012bdzek\u013cus, krustne\u0161u Eiropa uzbruka vi\u0146iem, saplos\u012bja vi\u0146us un izplat\u012bja br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu jaunie\u0161u un vad\u012bt\u0101ju vid\u016b, l\u012bdz Osma\u0146u kalif\u0101ts krita un tika likvid\u0113ts ar Mustafas Kemala Ataturka rok\u0101m.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rija bija valsts ar visvair\u0101k isl\u0101ma iekarojumiem p\u0113c Umej\u0101du imp\u0113rijas. Osma\u0146i atjaunoja aicin\u0101jumu uz d\u017eih\u0101du un iekarojumiem un uzs\u0101ka iekarojumus Eirop\u0101 un da\u013c\u0101 Maz\u0101zijas. Visiev\u0113rojam\u0101kais no \u0161iem iekarojumiem bija Konstantinopoles iekaro\u0161ana, ko veica sult\u0101ns Mehmeds Iekarot\u0101js 1453. gad\u0101. Osma\u0146u kalif\u0101tam tiek pied\u0113v\u0113ta ar\u012b Centr\u0101leiropas iekaro\u0161ana, jo osma\u0146i 1355. gad\u0101 iekaroja Balk\u0101nus, un visas Centr\u0101leiropas valstis viena p\u0113c otras pak\u013c\u0101v\u0101s vi\u0146iem. Bulg\u0101rija tika iekarota 1372. gad\u0101, Serbija tika iekarota 1386. gad\u0101, Bosnija un Hercegovina 1389. gad\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b Horv\u0101tija, Alb\u0101nija, Belgrada un Ung\u0101rija. Osma\u0146u armijas sult\u0101na Suleimana Liel\u0101 vad\u012bb\u0101 sasniedza V\u012bnes m\u016brus un aplenca to 1529. gad\u0101, bet nesp\u0113ja to iekarot. T\u0101pat vair\u0101k nek\u0101 simt piecdesmit gadus v\u0113l\u0101k Osma\u0146u armijas 1683.\u00a0gad\u0101 p\u0113c Kristus aplenca V\u012bni sult\u0101na Mehmeda IV vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca \u0161o zemju palika musulma\u0146u rok\u0101s un pak\u013cautas Osma\u0146u kalif\u0101tam vis\u0101 t\u0101 varas laik\u0101. Tom\u0113r t\u0101s pak\u0101peniski s\u0101ka sabrukt, Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rijai s\u0101koties v\u0101juma periodam. L\u012bdz 1337.\u00a0gadam p\u0113c Kristus (1918.\u00a0g. m.\u0113.) Osma\u0146u kalif\u0101tam Eiropas kontinent\u0101 vairs nebija citas teritorijas, iz\u0146emot Stambulas pils\u0113tu. \u0160o Eiropas re\u0123ionu ilgsto\u0161\u0101 atra\u0161an\u0101s Osma\u0146u kalif\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113ja, ka veseli re\u0123ioni k\u013cuva par musulma\u0146u vair\u0101kuma re\u0123ioniem, piem\u0113ram, Ma\u0137edonija, Alb\u0101nija, Bosnija un Hercegovina, un lielas musulma\u0146u kopienas Bulg\u0101rij\u0101, Rum\u0101nij\u0101 un Melnkaln\u0113.<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca Osma\u0146u kontrol\u0113to re\u0123ionu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju piev\u0113rs\u0101s isl\u0101mam, pateicoties Osma\u0146u taisn\u012bgajai un vienl\u012bdz\u012bgajai attieksmei pret musulma\u0146u iedz\u012bvot\u0101jiem. V\u0101j\u0161, nabadz\u012bgs ciema iedz\u012bvot\u0101js var\u0113ja ie\u0146emt augst\u0101kos un ietekm\u012bg\u0101kos amatus Osma\u0146u imp\u0113rij\u0101, kas bija soci\u0101l\u0101 taisn\u012bguma forma, kas m\u016bsdienu Eiropas sabiedr\u012bb\u0101s nebija iesp\u0113jama. Dro\u0161\u012bba \u0161ajos re\u0123ionos aizst\u0101ja konfliktus un haosu, un Eiropa guva labumu no Osma\u0146u milit\u0101r\u0101s sist\u0113mas un t\u0101s administrat\u012bvo sist\u0113mu r\u016bp\u012bg\u0101s organiz\u0101cijas, kas galvenok\u0101rt balst\u012bj\u0101s uz efektivit\u0101ti. Ar\u012b citu reli\u0123iju, piem\u0113ram, kristiet\u012bbas un j\u016bdaisma, sekot\u0101ji vair\u0101kus gadsimtus baud\u012bja d\u0101snu attieksmi Osma\u0146u p\u0101rvald\u012btajos re\u0123ionos, un \u0161\u012bs ietekmes ir skaidri redzamas veid\u0101, k\u0101 \u0161\u012bs kopienas saglab\u0101 savas valodas, kult\u016bru un reli\u0123ijas l\u012bdz pat m\u016bsdien\u0101m.<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>No majora Tamera Badra gr\u0101matas &quot;Neaizmirstamas valstis&quot;\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(699 \u2013 1342 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 \u0645)\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}