{"id":21943,"date":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21943"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","slug":"fdgds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/archives\/21943","title":{"rendered":"Italijos u\u017ekariavimas"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019 m. vasario 27 d.<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Italijos u\u017ekariavimas<\/strong>

Musulmonai du kartus \u012fsiver\u017e\u0117 \u012f Cezario miest\u0105 ir, deja, islamo \u0161altiniuose yra ma\u017eai informacijos apie \u0161iuos ir kitus pana\u0161ius \u012fsiver\u017eimus. Taip yra tod\u0117l, kad daugum\u0105 \u0161i\u0173 \u012fsiver\u017eim\u0173 vykd\u0117 savanoriai mud\u017eahedinai, nepriklausomi nuo Kalifato vald\u017eios. D\u0117l to musulmon\u0173 istorikai ne\u017einojo apie daugum\u0105 \u0161i\u0173 didvyri\u0161k\u0173 \u017eygdarbi\u0173 ir u\u017ekariavim\u0173. Did\u017eioji dalis informacijos apie \u0161iuos \u012fsiver\u017eimus yra gauta i\u0161 Europos \u0161altini\u0173.

\u0160io did\u017eiojo epo esm\u0117 yra ta, kad savanoriai mud\u017eahedinai, pasitar\u0119 tarpusavyje, nusprend\u0117 \u012fsiver\u017eti \u012f Romos miest\u0105. Jie pateik\u0117 \u0161i\u0105 id\u0117j\u0105 Sicilijos vyriausybei ir jos gubernatoriui Al-Fadl ibn Ja`far Al-Hamadhani. Jis savo ruo\u017etu perdav\u0117 \u0161\u012f klausim\u0105 tuometiniam Aghlabid\u0173 princui Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn al-Aghlab. Jam patiko \u0161i id\u0117ja, ir jis apr\u016bpino mud\u017eahedinus daugybe \u012frangos, atsarg\u0173 ir vyr\u0173. Karinio j\u016br\u0173 laivyno kampanija prasid\u0117jo 231 m. AH \/ 846 m. po Kr. Italijos pakran\u010di\u0173 link, kol pasiek\u0117 Tevere up\u0117s \u017eiotis, kur \u0161ios up\u0117s gale yra Roma. Tuo metu Romos miesto sienos neap\u0117m\u0117 viso senamies\u010dio. Vietoj to, religinis rajonas, kuriame buvo garsiosios Petro ir Povilo ba\u017eny\u010dios bei didel\u0117 \u0161ventykl\u0173, \u0161ventovi\u0173 ir senovini\u0173 kap\u0173 grup\u0117, buvo u\u017e sien\u0173. Jis buvo paliktas nesaugomas, nes krik\u0161\u010dionys man\u0117, kad tai \u0161venta vieta, saugoma dangaus. Mud\u017eahedinai u\u017epuol\u0117 t\u0105 rajon\u0105 ir u\u017egrob\u0117 visus jo lobius, kuri\u0173 buvo ne\u012fmanoma apsakyti. Tada jie apgul\u0117 Cezari\u0173 miest\u0105, ir miestas buvo ant gri\u016bties ribos. Popie\u017eius Sergijus buvo siaubingai i\u0161sigand\u0119s. Tuo metu Romos popie\u017eius buvo \u012fsp\u0117tas apie plataus masto puolim\u0105 ir i\u0161siunt\u0117 pagalbos \u0161auksmus Europos karaliams ir kunigaik\u0161\u010diams. Tuometinis frank\u0173 imperatorius Liudvikas II \u0117m\u0117si iniciatyvos ir pasiunt\u0117 didel\u0119 savo kareivi\u0173 kampanij\u0105 gelb\u0117ti Romos ir jos ba\u017eny\u010di\u0173. D\u0117l nesutarim\u0173, kilusi\u0173 tarp pa\u010di\u0173 musulmon\u0173 kampanijos lyderi\u0173, musulmonai nutrauk\u0117 apgult\u012f ir gr\u012f\u017eo \u012f Sicilij\u0105, apkrauti grobiu ir belaisviais.

\u0160is dr\u0105sus musulmon\u0173 mud\u017eaheid\u0173 bandymas atskleid\u0117 Romos miesto, kuris kadaise buvo senov\u0117s pasaulio sostin\u0117 ir pasaulin\u0117s krik\u0161\u010dionyb\u0117s centras, gynybos silpnum\u0105 ir trapum\u0105. Musulmonai nusprend\u0117 bandyti dar kart\u0105, kol pasitaikys proga. Tai \u012fvyko 870 m. po Kr., gav\u0119 tvirt\u0105 tuometinio Aghlabid\u0173 princo Muhammado ibn Ahmado ibn al-Aghlabo param\u0105. \u0160is princas metais anks\u010diau, 869 m. po Kr., buvo u\u017ekariav\u0119s Maltos sal\u0105. Jo ambicijos i\u0161augo \u2013 pasiekti Romos u\u017ekariavimo garb\u0119. I\u0161 ties\u0173, mud\u017eaheid\u0173 laivynai susitiko su Aghlabid\u0173 laivynais ir jie jud\u0117jo tuo pa\u010diu mar\u0161rutu kaip ir ankstesn\u0117s kampanijos metu, kol pasiek\u0117 Tever\u0117s up\u0117s \u017eiotis. Tuometinis Romos popie\u017eius Leonas IV, pasimok\u0119s i\u0161 ankstesn\u0117s invazijos, suskubo ir papra\u0161\u0117 Genujos ir Neapolio laivyn\u0173 atremti musulmon\u0173 j\u016br\u0173 kampanij\u0105 prie\u0161 Rom\u0105. Netoli Ostijos uosto vanden\u0173 tarp abiej\u0173 pusi\u0173 kilo did\u017eiulis j\u016br\u0173 m\u016b\u0161is, kuriame musulmonai beveik sutriu\u0161kino krik\u0161\u010dioni\u0173 laivynus. Jei ne smarki j\u016bros audra, kovos b\u016bt\u0173 liovusios.

\u0160i galinga audra neatbaid\u0117 musulmon\u0173 ir, nepaisant dideli\u0173 nuostoli\u0173 d\u0117l audros, jie tvirtai t\u0119s\u0117 invazij\u0105 ir visa j\u0117ga apgul\u0117 miest\u0105, kol \u0161is atsid\u016br\u0117 ant gri\u016bties ribos. Tai paskatino popie\u017ei\u0173 Jon\u0105 VIII, kuris pakeit\u0117 Leon\u0105 IV, mirus\u012f i\u0161 sielvarto d\u0117l krik\u0161\u010dionybei padaryt\u0173 nelaimi\u0173, paklusti musulmon\u0173 s\u0105lygoms ir mok\u0117ti jiems metin\u0119 dvide\u0161imt penki\u0173 t\u016bkstan\u010di\u0173 sidabrini\u0173 mitkal\u0173 duokl\u0119. Tai tur\u0117jo didel\u012f poveik\u012f krik\u0161\u010dioni\u0173 tautoms apskritai ir Europai ypa\u010d, nes kaip popie\u017eius gal\u0117t\u0173 mok\u0117ti duokl\u0119 musulmonams? Ta\u010diau tai yra nusistov\u0117jusi istorin\u0117 tiesa, kuri nekelia abejoni\u0173. Tai yra tai, k\u0105 prie\u0161ai mat\u0117 ir u\u017era\u0161\u0117 savo knygose, nors tai juos g\u0117dina ir li\u016bdina. Tai taip pat vienas i\u0161 pasidid\u017eiavimo, orumo ir didvyri\u0161kumo pavyzd\u017ei\u0173 praeityje, apie kur\u012f musulmonai dabar turi pasimokyti ir i\u0161 kurio turi pasimokyti.

Kod\u0117l mes buvome puik\u016bs
Tamer Badr knyga (Nepamir\u0161tamos \u0161alys)\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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