{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Osman\u0173 imperija"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2013 m. gruod\u017eio 22 d.<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Osman\u0173 imperija
(699\u20131342 AH \/ 1300\u20131924 m. po Kr.)
Osman\u0173 imperija did\u017eiuojasi \u017emonijos istorijos \u012fkar\u0161tyje, daugiau nei \u0161e\u0161is \u0161imtme\u010dius ne\u0161dama islamo v\u0117liav\u0105, u\u017ekariaudama Europ\u0105 ir Azij\u0105 bei \u012fkurdama did\u017ei\u0105 islamo valstyb\u0119. Kry\u017eiuo\u010di\u0173 Europa jos bijojo ir baiminosi \u0161imtme\u010dius, ir Europa toliau ruo\u0161\u0117si j\u0105 sunaikinti, laukdama progos po progos. Ta\u010diau Osman\u0173 imperija ir jos lyderiai smog\u0117 jiems sm\u016bg\u012f po sm\u016bgio, kol, kai Osmanai susmuko ant \u017eem\u0117s, atsisak\u0117 tikrosios islamo vald\u017eios ir per\u0117m\u0117 vald\u017eios priemones, kry\u017eiuo\u010di\u0173 Europa puol\u0117 juos, drask\u0117 juos ir skleid\u0117 masonerija tarp jaunimo ir lyderi\u0173, kol Osman\u0173 kalifatas \u017elugo ir buvo panaikintas Mustafos Kemalo Ataturko rankomis.
Osman\u0173 imperija buvo \u0161alis, po Umejad\u0173 imperijos u\u017ekariavusi daugiausia islamo paj\u0117g\u0173. Osmanai atnaujino raginim\u0105 d\u017eihadui ir u\u017ekariavimams bei prad\u0117jo u\u017ekariavimus Europoje ir Ma\u017eosios Azijos dalyse. \u017dymiausias i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 u\u017ekariavim\u0173 buvo Konstantinopolio u\u017ekariavimas, kur\u012f 1453 m. u\u017ekariavo sultonas Mehmedas U\u017ekariautojas. Osman\u0173 kalifatui taip pat priskiriami Vidurio Europos u\u017ekariavimai, nes 1355 m. u\u017ekariavo Balkanus, o visos Vidurio Europos \u0161alys jiems viena po kitos pakluso. Bulgarija buvo u\u017ekariauta 1372 m., Serbija \u2013 1386 m., Bosnija ir Hercegovina \u2013 1389 m., taip pat Kroatija, Albanija, Belgradas ir Vengrija. Sultono Suleimano Did\u017eiojo vadovaujamos Osman\u0173 armijos pasiek\u0117 Vienos sienas ir 1529 m. apgul\u0117 miest\u0105, ta\u010diau nesugeb\u0117jo jo u\u017ekariauti. Pana\u0161iai, po daugiau nei \u0161imto penkiasde\u0161imties met\u0173, 1094 m. AH \/ 1683 m. po Kr., Osman\u0173 armijos apgul\u0117 Vien\u0105, valdant sultonui Mehmedui IV.
Dauguma \u0161i\u0173 \u017eemi\u0173 liko musulmon\u0173 rankose ir buvo pavald\u017eios Osman\u0173 kalifatui per vis\u0105 jo valdymo laikotarp\u012f. Ta\u010diau jos pama\u017eu \u0117m\u0117 irti, Osman\u0173 imperijai \u017eengiant silpnumo laikotarpiu. Iki 1337 m. (1918 m. po Kr.) Osman\u0173 kalifatas netur\u0117jo jokios kitos teritorijos Europos \u017eemyne, i\u0161skyrus Stambulo miest\u0105. Ilgalaikis \u0161i\u0173 Europos region\u0173 buvimas Osman\u0173 kalifato vald\u017eioje rei\u0161k\u0117, kad i\u0161tisi regionai tapo musulmoni\u0161kais, pavyzd\u017eiui, Makedonija, Albanija, Bosnija ir Hercegovina, ir didel\u0117s musulmon\u0173 bendruomen\u0117s Bulgarijoje, Rumunijoje ir Juodkalnijoje.
Daugelio Osman\u0173 kontroliuojam\u0173 region\u0173 gyventoj\u0173 atsivertimas \u012f islam\u0105 \u012fvyko d\u0117l teisingo ir lygiateisi\u0161ko Osman\u0173 elgesio su musulmonais. Silpnas, neturtingas kaimietis gal\u0117jo pakilti \u012f auk\u0161\u010diausias ir \u012ftakingiausias pareigas Osman\u0173 imperijoje \u2013 tokia socialinio teisingumo forma buvo ne\u012fmanoma \u0161iuolaikin\u0117se Europos visuomen\u0117se. \u0160iuose regionuose saugumas pakeit\u0117 konfliktus ir chaos\u0105, o Europa pasinaudojo kruop\u0161\u010dia Osman\u0173 kariuomen\u0117s ir jos administracini\u0173 sistem\u0173 organizacija, kuri pirmiausia r\u0117m\u0117si efektyvumu. Kit\u0173 religij\u0173, toki\u0173 kaip krik\u0161\u010dionyb\u0117 ir judaizmas, i\u0161pa\u017ein\u0117jai taip pat d\u017eiaug\u0117si dosniu elgesiu Osman\u0173 valdomuose regionuose kelis \u0161imtme\u010dius, o to poveikis ai\u0161kiai matomas i\u0161 to, kaip \u0161ios bendruomen\u0117s iki \u0161iol i\u0161laiko savo kalbas, kult\u016br\u0105 ir religijas.

I\u0161 majoro Tamerio Badro knygos \u201eNepamir\u0161tamos \u0161alys\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(699 \u2013 1342 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 \u0645)\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}