{"id":21970,"date":"2025-03-27T12:24:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21970"},"modified":"2025-04-20T08:59:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T08:59:21","slug":"jhgk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/archives\/21970","title":{"rendered":"\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1785\u179a\u178e\u17cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21970\" class=\"elementor elementor-21970\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7209d7b6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7209d7b6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c8249d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35c8249d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"x1cy8zhl x2bj2ny x78zum5 x1q0g3np\"><div class=\"x1iyjqo2\"><div class=\"x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u\"><div class=\"xu06os2 x1ok221b\"><h1 class=\"html-div xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1q0g3np\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x4k7w5x x1h91t0o x1h9r5lt x1jfb8zj xv2umb2 x1beo9mf xaigb6o x12ejxvf x3igimt xarpa2k xedcshv x1lytzrv x1t2pt76 x7ja8zs x1qrby5j\">\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8 17 \u1781\u17c2\u1798\u17b8\u1793\u17b6 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div class=\"x1i10hfl x1qjc9v5 xjqpnuy xa49m3k xqeqjp1 x2hbi6w x9f619 x1ypdohk xdl72j9 x2lah0s xe8uvvx x2lwn1j xeuugli x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1ja2u2z x1t137rt x1o1ewxj x3x9cwd x1e5q0jg x13rtm0m x1q0g3np x87ps6o x1lku1pv x1a2a7pz xjyslct xjbqb8w x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x3nfvp2 xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x1n2onr6 x3ajldb x194ut8o x1vzenxt xd7ygy7 xt298gk x1xhcax0 x1s928wv x10pfhc2 x1j6awrg x1v53gu8 x1tfg27r xitxdhh\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"menu\" aria-label=\"\u179f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4\"><div class=\"x1ey2m1c xds687c x17qophe xg01cxk x47corl x10l6tqk x13vifvy x1ebt8du x19991ni x1dhq9h xzolkzo x12go9s9 x1rnf11y xprq8jg\" role=\"none\" data-visualcompletion=\"ignore\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1785\u179a\u178e\u17cd<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1797\u17c1\u179a\u179c\u1780\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b7\u1780 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179c\u17bb\u1792\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17ca\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u17a1\u1784\u17cb \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1792\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u17c6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17b6 &quot;Charles Martel&quot; \u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u200b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u200b\u1790\u17b6\u200b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u200b\u178a\u17cf\u200b\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u200b\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17d4 \u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u1780\u17bb\u179f\u179b \u1799\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1791\u17c1 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c3 \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u1793\u17b6 \u17ac\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u17d4 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1799\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u179c\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Charles Martel \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u17c6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u179c\u17bb\u1792\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1785\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7 Poitiers \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c4\u1799 Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 Frankish \u178a\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c4\u1799 Charles Martel \u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17c1\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1788\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1786\u17d2\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17bc\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 112 AH \/ 730 AD Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3 Andalusia \u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c7\u1794\u17c4\u179a\u1793\u17c5 Andalusia \u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Berbers \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1781 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17c1\u179a\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17c5\u1793\u17c5 Andalusia \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u179b\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Franks \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Goths \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u17ca\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17be\u1784\u17d4 \u1794\u17bb\u179a\u179f\u200b\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u200b\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u200b\u179b\u17c4\u1780 Al-Ghafiqi \u1787\u17b6\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u1787\u17bf\u200b\u178a\u17cf\u200b\u17a2\u179f\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u200b\u1793\u17c5\u200b\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17c0\u1798\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Tolosha \u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179b\u17bb\u1794\u1794\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17d4 \u1796\u17c1\u179b\u200b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1798\u1780\u200b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u200b\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u200b\u179a\u17b9\u1794\u17a2\u17bc\u179f\u200b\u1799\u1780\u200b\u179c\u17b6 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u200b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u200b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u200b\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u200b\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u200b\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u200b\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u200b\u1799\u1780\u200b\u1788\u17d2\u1793\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u200b\u1798\u1780\u200b\u179a\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1791\u17b8\u200b\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u200b\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u200b\u1785\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u200b\u1798\u17c9\u17ba\u1793\u200b\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u1793\u17c3\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1793\u17c5\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 114 AH \/ 732 AD Abd al-Rahman \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17bb\u17c6\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5 Pamplona \u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c3 Andalusia \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6 Albert \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 (Gaul) \u17d4 \u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1799\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1791\u17c5\u200b\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u200b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u178f\u17d2\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u200b\u1791\u17c5\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u200b\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u200b\u1793\u17c5\u200b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u178a\u1784\u200b\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Rhone \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u200b\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u200b\u179f\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u179a \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1788\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d4 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1791\u17c5\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17b7\u1785\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb Duchy of Aquitaine \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17c7\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u17a2\u17a0\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Dordogne \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a0\u17c2\u1780\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u17d4 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a7\u1780\u1789\u17c9\u17b6 \u17a2\u17bc\u178a\u17bc \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1781\u17c6\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u1780\u1790\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17be\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1782\u17ba Bordeaux \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4 \u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b Aquitaine \u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c3\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u17d4 Al-Ghafiqi \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1786\u17d2\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Loire \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 Tours \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Duchy \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a Saint-Martin \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1789\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u1787\u1793\u200b\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u200b\u179b\u17bb\u1780\u200b\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a7\u1780\u1789\u17c9\u17b6 Odo \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b Merovingian \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c3\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Charles Martel \u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u178f\u1794\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a0\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u179a\u179f\u17d0\u1796\u17d2\u1791 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1789\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u179a\u1780\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1785\u179b\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Odo \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17a7\u1780\u1789\u17c9\u17b6 Aquitaine \u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1798\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>Charles Martel \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1780\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u17be\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179b\u17be Aquitaine \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c3\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17bc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1788\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17c2\u1784\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u200b\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u17d7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1781\u17c6\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u200b\u17a1\u17be\u1799 \u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17bc\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b7\u179f\u1791\u17b8 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d7 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17be\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u178f \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1791\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c4\u1792\u1793\u17cd\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u17d4 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17c4\u1780 Charles Martel \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1795\u17c2\u1793\u178a\u17b8\u1789\u17d0\u179a \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179c\u17b6\u179b\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u17a1\u17c1\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1780\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793 \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17c5\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Loire \u17d4<\/span><\/h1><h1 class=\"xyinxu5 x4uap5 x1g2khh7 xkhd6sd\"><span class=\"x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u\" dir=\"auto\"><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u200b\u17a5\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1788\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1791\u17c5\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u200b\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u200b\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784 Poitiers \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Tours \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u178a\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7 \u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Charles Martel \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb Loire \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u17a5\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b Al-Ghafiqi \u1785\u1784\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17bb\u1780\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Loire \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u1782\u17bc\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb Martel \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1797\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17be\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u17d4 Abd al-Rahman \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1781\u17c6\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u1780\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784 Poitiers \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Tours \u17d4 \u179b\u17c4\u1780 Charles \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1 Loire \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17c6\u179a\u17bb\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u17b8\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Al-Ghafiqi \u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u200b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1780\u17be\u178f\u200b\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u200b\u1793\u17c5\u200b\u179b\u17be\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u179b\u200b\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u200b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u200b\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u17b8\u200b\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17d4 \u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1 \u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u178e\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6 \u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u179a\u17c9\u17bc\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 Poitiers \u1793\u17b7\u1784 Chatel \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u17c3\u1782\u17b8\u17a1\u17bc\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u17a6\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 Poitiers \u17a0\u17c5\u1790\u17b6 Al-Balat \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5 Andalusia \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u1793 \u17ac\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u17c6\u1796\u17d0\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17d4 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u17a0\u17c5\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb Al-Balat Al-Shuhada (\u179c\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17bb\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u179b) \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u17a2\u17ca\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u17a0\u17c5\u1790\u17b6 Battle of Tours-Poitiers \u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u17c7\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u17b8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 Sha&#039;ban 114 AH \/ \u178f\u17bb\u179b\u17b6 732 \u1793\u17c3\u1782.\u179f \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1781\u17c2\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u178a\u17b6\u1793 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u17b8\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17c7\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u178f\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1793\u17c5\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u178a\u1794\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u17c7\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u17b8\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17ca\u17bc\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17bd\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb Franks \u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1793\u17bf\u1799\u17a0\u178f\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c1\u1785\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6 \u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u17a5\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793 \u17a2\u17c6\u17a1\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u179b\u17bb\u1780\u1796\u17b8 Andalusia \u1791\u17c5 Poitiers \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17bd\u1785\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u1793\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1784\u1793\u17cb\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17c0\u1798\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1799\u1780\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1799\u17c4\u1792\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u179b\u17cb\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17c4\u1782\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u178f\u179b\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1799\u17c4\u1792\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u200b\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u200b\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u200b\u1785\u17c4\u1791\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1794\u1791\u200b\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u179b\u17bd\u1785\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179b\u1793\u17cb\u17d4 \u1787\u1793\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1795\u17c2\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d0\u1791\u1791\u17c1 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17a0\u17be\u1799 \u1780\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1784\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17b9\u1794\u17a2\u17bc\u179f \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u17a5\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179a\u17a2\u17bd\u179b \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1784\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1785\u17c4\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u17d4 \u1787\u17bd\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b Franks \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1792\u17c6\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>Al-Ghafiqi \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c1 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u1789\u179c\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1786\u1780\u17cb\u1799\u1780\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17c8\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17bb\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179c\u17b6\u179b\u17d4 \u1787\u17bd\u179a\u200b\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u200b\u178f\u17c2\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179f\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1797\u17d0\u1799\u200b\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u200b\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c4\u1798\u200b\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1787\u17bd\u1793 \u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bf\u178a\u17cf\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u179c\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17c7\u1791\u17c1 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798 \u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u1794\u17cb \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1799\u1780\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17c3\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1784\u1784\u17b9\u178f \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u1780\u1790\u1799\u1791\u17c5 Septimania \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1788\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u200b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u200b\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1780\u200b\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u200b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u179a\u1780\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u1783\u17be\u1789\u200b\u1787\u1793\u200b\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u200b\u178e\u17b6\u200b\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u179a\u1780\u200b\u1783\u17be\u1789\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u200b\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17c0\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1793\u17c5\u200b\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u200b\u1793\u17c4\u17c7 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u200b\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1788\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1791\u17c5\u200b\u179a\u1780\u200b\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u200b\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17d0\u178f\u17d2\u1793 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u200b\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1783\u17b9\u1798\u200b\u1790\u17b6\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b7\u1785\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179a\u1780\u200b\u1783\u17be\u1789\u200b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1791\u1791\u17c1\u200b\u179b\u17be\u1780\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17c2\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u179a\u1794\u17bd\u179f\u200b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u200b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u200b\u1785\u179b\u1793\u17b6\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u17d7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u179b\u17c4\u1780 Charles Martel \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u200b\u17a0\u17ca\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u178a\u17c1\u1789\u200b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1791\u17c1 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u1780\u17cf\u200b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u1794\u17cb\u200b\u1791\u17c5\u200b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1787\u17be\u1784\u200b\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u200b\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u200b\u1780\u1784\u200b\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u200b\u1796\u17b8\u200b\u178e\u17b6\u200b\u1798\u1780\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u200b\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u200b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u200b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u200b\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u200b\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u179b\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1795\u179b\u200b\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u200b\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u200b\u17a2\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u200b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17d6<br class=\"html-br\" \/>1- \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1780\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1796\u17b8 Andalusia \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u179b\u1793\u17b6\u17d4 \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17c1\u179f\u1780\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17c3 Caliphate \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 Damascus \u1782\u17ba\u17a2\u179f\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u17a0\u17c2\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17bd\u1793\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u200b\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u200b\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u200b\u1793\u17c3\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1781\u17b7\u178f\u200b\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u200b\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u200b\u1791\u17c1\u179c\u1780\u1790\u17b6 \u1787\u17b6\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u200b\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17d4 Cordoba \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1793\u17c3 Andalusia \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u1784\u1791\u17d0\u1796\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c1 \u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17c2\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u17e2-\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1784\u200b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u200b\u1787\u1793\u200b\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u200b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u200b\u179b\u17bd\u1785\u200b\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u17d4 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178a\u17cf\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17a0\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u17ab\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5\u178a\u17cf\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1790\u17b6 \u201c\u17b1\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17b8\u1796\u17b7\u178f \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17bb\u17c6\u17b2\u17d2\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17b8\u1799\u17cd\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1786\u17c4\u178f\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1780\u17bb\u17c6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1786\u17c4\u178f\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17c4\u1780\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1786\u17c4\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u201d\u17d4 [Fatir: 5] \u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1782\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1786\u17c4\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17b7\u1799\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1780\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u17c9\u179f\u17bc\u179b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u179b\u17cb\u17a1\u17c4\u17c7 \u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u179a\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17be\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 hadith \u1793\u17b7\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799 Al-Bukhari \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u179b\u17be\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u17a2\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Amr ibn Awf Al-Ansari \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u17a2\u179b\u17cb\u17a1\u17c4\u17c7\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1790\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u179f\u17bc\u179b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u179b\u17cb\u17a1\u17c4\u17c7 \u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u179a\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17be\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u17d6 \u201c\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u179b\u17cb\u17a1\u17c4\u17c7 \u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17bb\u17c6\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1791\u17c1 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u1790\u17b6 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u17d4 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1790\u17b6\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u200b\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u200b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u200b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u200b\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u200b\u1790\u17b6\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u200b\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u200b\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u200b\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u200b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u200b\u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u200b\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u200b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u200b\u1782\u17c1\u200b\u00bb\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178a\u17cf\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17a0\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u17ab\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1782\u17ba\u1790\u17b6 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u17a0\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u17a5\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179c\u17b6 \u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u179c\u17b6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178a\u17cf\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17a0\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u17ab\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u1790\u17b6 \u17d6 \u00ab \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1780\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1782\u17cc\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a1\u17be\u1799 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1780\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1782\u17cc\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u00bb (Fatir: 43) \u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u179b\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1795\u179b\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a1\u17c4\u1798\u1796\u17d0\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179c\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u17a0\u17bd\u179f\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17d4 \u17a2\u17b6\u1790\u17cc\u1780\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1782\u17ba\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb; \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u17d4 Edward Gibbon \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb &quot;The Decline of the Roman Empire&quot; \u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1790\u17b6 &quot;\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17aa\u1796\u17bb\u1780\u1787\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u1784\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u179f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1799\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17b9\u1798\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u17bc\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u179b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6 \u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u17c9\u17bc\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6&quot;\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u179b\u17c4\u1780 Sir Edward Creasey \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17cd\u1790\u17b6\u17d6 \u00ab\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u178a\u17cf\u17a2\u179f\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799 Charles Martel \u179b\u17be\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e7\u17e3\u17e2 \u1793\u17c3\u1782.\u179f \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17b7\u1785 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17b6\u17a2\u17ca\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u00bb\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1798\u17be\u179b\u1783\u17be\u1789\u1790\u17b6 \u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17c7\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u1780\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1784\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1792\u1798\u17cc\u17d4 Gustave Le Bon \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1789\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb *The Civilization of the Arabs* \u178a\u17c2\u179b Adel Zuaiter \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17bb\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b7\u178f\u1790\u17b6 &quot;\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u179f\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6 Cordoba \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u17a2\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u1789 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u1792\u1798\u17cc \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17a2\u17b6\u1793 \u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c1\u1785\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u179a\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1794\u17b6\u1793&quot;\u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179f\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1785\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u17b1\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u178f\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17bc\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1791\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17a2\u17ba\u179a\u17c9\u17bb\u1794\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c2\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c3\u1787\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d0\u1791\u179a\u17bd\u1794\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u17a0\u17c5\u1790\u17b6 \u1785\u179b\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1799\u1780\u1798\u1780\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178a\u17be\u1798 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1799\u1780\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17c3\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1798\u1793\u17c5 Andalusia \u17d4<br class=\"html-br\" \/><br class=\"html-br\" \/><strong>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1799\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u179a\u17d2\u1799<\/strong><br class=\"html-br\" \/>\u179f\u17c0\u179c\u1797\u17c5 (\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17c6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1785\u1794\u17b6\u1793... \u1791\u17c6\u1796\u17d0\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17a2\u17ca\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1798) \u178a\u17c4\u1799 Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 \u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21970","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21970\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}