{"id":21973,"date":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:26:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21973"},"modified":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T08:58:29","slug":"tysrfgd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21973","title":{"rendered":"Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b a velezrada"},"content":{"rendered":"
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18. b\u0159ezna 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b<\/strong>
a velezrady<\/strong>

Australsk\u00fd terorista napsal na pu\u0161ku, kterou v me\u0161it\u011b zabil 49 neozbrojen\u00fdch muslim\u016f: \u201eV\u00edde\u0148 1683\u201c. 90% muslim\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tato slova \u010detli, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nev\u011bd\u011bli, co znamenaj\u00ed. Poj\u010fme si tedy p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst t\u00e9ma \u201eV\u00edde\u0148 1683\u201c a pro\u010d si to tento australsk\u00fd terorista napsal na pu\u0161ku.

Bitva u V\u00eddn\u011b se odehr\u00e1la 20. ramad\u00e1nu 1094 AH \/ 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1683 n. l. Pot\u00e9, co Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e dva m\u011bs\u00edce obl\u00e9hala V\u00edde\u0148, bitva zlomila nadvl\u00e1du Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v Evrop\u011b, kdy\u017e polsk\u00e9, n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a rakousk\u00e9 s\u00edly veden\u00e9 polsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Janem III. Sobiesk\u00fdm zv\u00edt\u011bzily v bitv\u011b nad osmanskou arm\u00e1dou vedenou velkovez\u00edrem Karou Mustafou, velitelem osmansk\u00fdch sil.

Osman\u00e9 a V\u00edde\u0148<\/strong>
Dobyt\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b bylo dlouho snem osmansk\u00fdch sult\u00e1n\u016f, vzhledem k jej\u00edmu strategick\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu pro kontrolu obchodn\u00edch a dopravn\u00edch cest v srdci Evropy. Osman\u00e9 se poka\u017ed\u00e9 spokojili s n\u00e1vratem z v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fdch hradeb, proto\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohod s Rakousk\u00fdm c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00edm z\u00edskali bohatstv\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 i nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdchodn\u00ed nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.
Prvn\u00ed obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhlo za vl\u00e1dy Sulejmana I. Velkolep\u00e9ho, o stolet\u00ed a p\u016fl d\u0159\u00edve, pot\u00e9, co pronikl do Evropy po sv\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad Ma\u010fary v hrozn\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Moh\u00e1\u010de. Vojska Velkolep\u00e9ho vstoupila do Budape\u0161ti, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Ma\u010farska, 3. dne roku Dhu al-Hijjah 932 AH \/ 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1526 n. l., \u010d\u00edm\u017e se (M\u00fchrestan) stal dal\u0161\u00ed osmanskou provinci\u00ed a nastolila absolutn\u00ed kontrolu Osman\u016f nad st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropou.
V roce 1683 n. l. Turci podruh\u00e9 obl\u00e9hali V\u00edde\u0148, ale hrab\u011b Starhamberg dok\u00e1zal Turky odrazit v bitv\u011b u hory Kahlenberg. Pot\u00e9, v roce 1686 n. l., po 145 letech osmansk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy nad Budape\u0161t\u00ed, znovu dobyli Budape\u0161\u0165 z rukou Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.

P\u0159ed bitvou<\/strong>
N\u011bmecko soupe\u0159ilo s Osmany v Uhr\u00e1ch a na Slovensku a osmansk\u00fd velkovez\u00edr se zab\u00fdval my\u0161lenkou zasadit siln\u00fd \u00fader, kter\u00fd by N\u011bmecku zabr\u00e1nil vm\u011b\u0161ovat se do uhersk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil osmansk\u00e9ho sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV. a c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd Divan (Radu ministr\u016f), aby vyhl\u00e1sili v\u00e1lku N\u011bmecku. Velkovez\u00edr Ahmed Pa\u0161a K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc se vydal z Edirne a do Uherska dorazil v \u010dele velk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f, vybaven\u00fdch d\u011bly a munic\u00ed namontovan\u00fdmi na 60 000 velbloudech a 10 000 mul\u00e1ch. Vstoupil na Slovensko, zni\u010dil v\u0161echna vojensk\u00e1 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mu st\u00e1la v cest\u011b, a zam\u00ed\u0159il k hradu Nohzel, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Budape\u0161ti, asi 110 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b od V\u00eddn\u011b a 80 km od Bratislavy. N\u011bmci jej opevnili, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal jednou z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pevnost\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zah\u00e1jila obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed 13. muharramu 1074 AH \/ 17. srpna 1663 n. l.
Osmansk\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed hradu trvalo 37 dn\u00ed a donutilo velitele hradn\u00ed pos\u00e1dky po\u017e\u00e1dat o jeho kapitulaci. Velkovez\u00edr s t\u00edm souhlasil pod podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee pos\u00e1dka hrad evakuuje bez zbran\u00ed a munice. Toto ta\u017een\u00ed zp\u016fsobilo v Evrop\u011b obrovsk\u00fd rozruch a v srdc\u00edch kr\u00e1l\u016f obecn\u011b zas\u00e9valo strach a paniku. Po kapitulaci tohoto velk\u00e9ho hradu se osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b vzdalo asi 30 rakousk\u00fdch hrad\u016f.
Toto velk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed vedlo k postupu Ahmeda K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fca se sv\u00fdmi arm\u00e1dami a dobyt\u00ed oblast\u00ed Moravy (v \u010ceskoslovensku) a Slezska ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.

V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 rada<\/strong>
Velkovez\u00edr Kara Mustafa pa\u0161a shrom\u00e1\u017edil ve sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dnou radu a ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee se zmocn\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b a nadiktuje tam N\u011bmecku sv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. \u0158ekl, \u017ee dobyt\u00ed Jangkale, m\u011bsta pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 k V\u00eddni a le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho 80 km v\u00fdchodn\u011b od V\u00eddn\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Rab, N\u011bmecko nepotla\u010d\u00ed a nezabr\u00e1n\u00ed mu vm\u011b\u0161ovat se do ma\u010farsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed.
Rozhodnut\u00ed Kara Mustafy Pa\u0161i vyvolalo mezi ministry zmatek a kontroverzi. Ministr Ibrahim Pa\u0161a nam\u00edtal s tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV. je dob\u00fdt Jangkalu a za\u00fato\u010dit na st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropu s osmansk\u00fdmi komandov\u00fdmi brig\u00e1dami a \u017ee ta\u017een\u00ed proti V\u00eddni se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b uskute\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee je pro arm\u00e1du obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 znovu se shrom\u00e1\u017edit v takov\u00e9 hustot\u011b a s\u00edle a \u017ee tato z\u00e1le\u017eitost vy\u017eaduje siln\u00fd a rozhodn\u00fd \u00fader N\u011bmc\u016fm, jinak by se v\u00e1lka s nimi prot\u00e1hla, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee N\u011bmecko uzav\u0159elo m\u00edrovou smlouvu s Franci\u00ed a je na z\u00e1padn\u00ed stran\u011b v bezpe\u010d\u00ed a \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 Leopold se dohodl s polsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Sobieskim na obnoven\u00ed oblasti Padol\u00ed a \u017ee Ben\u00e1tky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt do t\u00e9to dohody zahrnuty, a tak se Rusko a ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k t\u00e9to k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 alianci po boku N\u011bmecka. To vy\u017eadovalo jej\u00ed rozbit\u00ed a zni\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9to rod\u00edc\u00ed se aliance v dan\u00e9m roce, jinak by se v\u00e1lka prot\u00e1hla na nezn\u00e1mou dobu.

Postoj Evropy<\/strong>
Evropsk\u00e9 mocnosti se sp\u011bchaly, aby zachr\u00e1nily V\u00edde\u0148 p\u0159ed p\u00e1dem. Pape\u017e vyhl\u00e1sil k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu proti Osman\u016fm a na\u0159\u00eddil polsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Sobiesk\u00e9mu, aby s Osmany poru\u0161il smlouvu. Tak\u00e9 na\u0159\u00eddil n\u011bmeck\u00fdm kn\u00ed\u017eat\u016fm Saska a Bavorska, nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm kn\u00ed\u017eat\u016fm, aby co nejrychleji zam\u00ed\u0159ili k V\u00eddni. Shrom\u00e1\u017edily se evropsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z Polska, N\u011bmecka a Rakouska v po\u010dtu 70 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f. Lotrinsk\u00fd v\u00e9voda p\u0159enechal celkov\u00e9 velen\u00ed polsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Janu III. Sobiesk\u00e9mu. Jejich p\u0159\u00edpravy byly dokon\u010deny v p\u00e1tek 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pot\u00e9, co m\u011bli pocit, \u017ee p\u00e1d V\u00eddn\u011b je jen p\u00e1r dn\u00ed daleko. Evropan\u00e9 se proto rozhodli n\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dit Donsk\u00fd most, kter\u00fd ovl\u00e1dali Osman\u00e9, bez ohledu na cenu, proto\u017ee z\u00e1soby nemohly b\u00fdt do V\u00eddn\u011b doru\u010deny bez p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed tohoto mostu.

zrada<\/strong>
Kara Mustafa um\u00edstil u Donsk\u00e9 br\u00e1ny, jedin\u00e9 silnice vedouc\u00ed ze z\u00e1padu do V\u00eddn\u011b, velk\u00e9 osmansk\u00e9 vojsko veden\u00e9 Muradem Karajem, vl\u00e1dcem Krymu, aby zabr\u00e1nil postupu evropsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Murad Karaj na\u0159\u00eddil, aby byl most v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vyhozen do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed.
Zde se stalo n\u011bco, co nikdo, ani Osman\u00e9, ani Evropan\u00e9, ne\u010dekali. Murad Karay se dopustil velk\u00e9 zrady isl\u00e1mu a muslim\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee dovolil Evropan\u016fm p\u0159ej\u00edt most bez boje. D\u016fvodem byla jeho nen\u00e1vist a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed ke Kara Mustafovi. Mustafa Pa\u0161a Murada Karaye nen\u00e1vid\u011bl a zach\u00e1zel s n\u00edm \u0161patn\u011b. Murad naopak v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee ne\u00fasp\u011bch Mustafy Pa\u0161i ve V\u00eddni povede k jeho p\u00e1du z moci a z pozice v\u016fdce. Tohoto zr\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u016fdce nikdy nenapadlo, \u017ee prohra Osman\u016f s V\u00eddn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bh sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bjin. Murad se proto rozhodl z\u016fstat div\u00e1kem, zat\u00edmco evropsk\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed most Donya, aby prolomily obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b, ani\u017e by hnuly prstem. Krom\u011b toho byli v osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b minist\u0159i a bejov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed necht\u011bli, aby se Kara Mustafa Pa\u0161a stal dobyvatelem V\u00eddn\u011b, kde sult\u00e1n Sulejm\u00e1n Velkolep\u00fd selhal.

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitva<\/strong>
V sobotu 20. ramad\u00e1nu 1094 AH \/ 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1683 n. l. se ob\u011b arm\u00e1dy setkaly p\u0159ed hradbami V\u00eddn\u011b. Evropan\u00e9 byli r\u00e1di, \u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dili most Donna bez prolit\u00ed jedin\u00e9 kapky krve. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla v \u00fa\u017easu, kdy\u017e po p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed mostu Donna spat\u0159ila Evropany p\u0159ed sebou. Mustafa Pa\u0161a v\u0161ak zah\u00e1jil proti\u00fatok s v\u011bt\u0161inou sv\u00fdch sil a \u010d\u00e1stmi elitn\u00edch jani\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016f, aby m\u011bsto napadl. Ture\u010dt\u00ed velitel\u00e9 m\u011bli v \u00famyslu obsadit V\u00edde\u0148 p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edjezdem Jana III. Sobiesk\u00e9ho, ale \u010das vypr\u0161el. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b vojen\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159ipravovali dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00fd a kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zajistit p\u0159\u00edstup do m\u011bsta. Zat\u00edmco Turci sp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dokon\u010dili svou pr\u00e1ci a ut\u011bsnili tunel, aby byl v\u00fdbuch \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Raku\u0161an\u00e9 odpoledne jeskyni objevili. Jeden z nich vstoupil do tunelu a v\u00fdbuch v\u010das zne\u0161kodnil.
K dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 zrad\u011b do\u0161lo ze strany Oglua Ibrahima, velitele prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kdy\u017e se st\u00e1hl z boji\u0161t\u011b. Toto sta\u017een\u00ed m\u011blo nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad na por\u00e1\u017eku Osman\u016f. Kara Mustafa se dok\u00e1zal organizovan\u011b st\u00e1hnout z boji\u0161t\u011b a na cest\u011b zp\u011bt Kara Mustafa popravil Murada Karaye i Oglua Ibrahima, ale to mu u sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV. nepomohlo, a ten na\u0159\u00eddil jeho popravu.
V boj\u00edch bylo zabito asi 15 000 osmansk\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 000 Evropan\u016f. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da si b\u011bhem \u00fastupu vzala s sebou 81 000 zajatc\u016f a obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trvalo 59 dn\u00ed, skon\u010dilo.

V\u00fdsledky bitvy<\/strong>
Osmansk\u00e1 por\u00e1\u017eka u hradeb V\u00eddn\u011b byla zlomov\u00fdm bodem v osmansk\u00fdch a evropsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. Por\u00e1\u017ekou u V\u00eddn\u011b ztratila Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e dynamiku pro \u00fatok a expanzi do Evropy. Por\u00e1\u017eka znamenala patovou situaci v osmansk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch. Arm\u00e1dy k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 aliance se n\u00e1sledn\u011b v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch stalet\u00edch p\u0159esunuly s c\u00edlem zmocnit se \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed osmansk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed v Evrop\u011b.

Pro\u010d jsme byli skv\u011bl\u00ed<\/strong>
Kniha (Nezapomenuteln\u00e9 dny... D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 str\u00e1nky z isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch d\u011bjin) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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