{"id":21967,"date":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21967"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:00:00","slug":"sdfgsfg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21967","title":{"rendered":"Sult\u00e1n Murad II."},"content":{"rendered":"
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14. b\u0159ezna 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sult\u00e1n Murad II.<\/strong>

Je to sult\u00e1n Murad II., asketick\u00fd sult\u00e1n, kter\u00fd potla\u010dil vnit\u0159n\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed a porazil k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ckou koalici v bitv\u011b u Varny. Je jedin\u00fdm sult\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd dvakr\u00e1t abdikoval ve prosp\u011bch sv\u00e9ho syna, aby se mohl v\u011bnovat uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed V\u0161emohouc\u00edho Boha.

Jeho v\u00fdchova<\/strong>
Sult\u00e1n Murad II. se narodil v roce 806 AH \/ 1404 n. l. a vyr\u016fstal v osmansk\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm syn\u016fm v\u0161t\u00edpila l\u00e1sku k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a d\u017eih\u00e1du ve v\u011bci All\u00e1ha. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. byl vychov\u00e1n v dobr\u00e9 isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b, kter\u00e1 ho oprav\u0148ovala k tomu, aby se v osmn\u00e1cti letech ujal sultan\u00e1tu. V\u0161em sv\u00fdm poddan\u00fdm byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro svou zbo\u017enost, spravedlnost a soucit. Miloval d\u017eih\u00e1d ve v\u011bci All\u00e1ha a vyz\u00fdval lidi k isl\u00e1mu po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.

P\u0159evzet\u00ed sultan\u00e1tu a potla\u010den\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch povst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>
Sult\u00e1n Murad II. p\u0159evzal vl\u00e1du nad st\u00e1tem po smrti sv\u00e9ho otce Mehmeda \u010celebiho v roce 824 AH \/ 1421 n. l. Sult\u00e1n Murad dok\u00e1zal potla\u010dit vnit\u0159n\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zah\u00e1jil jeho str\u00fdc Mustafa a kter\u00e9 podporovali nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Za intrikami, spiknut\u00edmi a probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm byl sult\u00e1n Murad vystaven, st\u00e1l byzantsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Manuel II. Podporoval Muradova str\u00fdce, dokud se Mustafovi nepoda\u0159ilo obl\u00e9hat m\u011bsto Gallipoli ve snaze vyrvat ho sult\u00e1novi z rukou a vytvo\u0159it si z n\u011bj svou vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu. Sult\u00e1n Murad v\u0161ak sv\u00e9ho str\u00fdce zatkl a postavil ho na \u0161ibenici. C\u00edsa\u0159 Manuel II. v\u0161ak pokra\u010doval ve piklech proti sult\u00e1novi a podpo\u0159il Muradova bratra, kter\u00e9ho pov\u011b\u0159il velen\u00edm vojsk, kter\u00e1 dobyla m\u011bsto Nicea v Anatolii. Murad proti n\u011bmu pochodoval a poda\u0159ilo se mu jeho vojsko zlikvidovat, donutit soupe\u0159e ke kapitulaci a n\u00e1sledn\u011b b\u00fdt zabit. Sult\u00e1n Murad se pot\u00e9 rozhodl d\u00e1t c\u00edsa\u0159i praktickou lekci, a tak rychle obsadil Solu\u0148, za\u00fato\u010dil na ni a v b\u0159eznu 1431 n. l. \/ 833 hid\u017ery do n\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm vstoupil, a ta se stala ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.
Sult\u00e1n Murad II. zasazoval t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 r\u00e1ny povstaleck\u00fdm hnut\u00edm na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a usiloval o pos\u00edlen\u00ed osmansk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v t\u011bchto zem\u00edch. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se vydala na sever, aby si podmanila oblast Vala\u0161ska a uvalila na ni ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed tribut. Nov\u00fd srbsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Stefan Lazar byl nucen pod\u0159\u00eddit se Osman\u016fm a vstoupit pod jejich vl\u00e1du a obnovil svou loajalitu sult\u00e1novi. Osmansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se vydala na jih, kde upevnila z\u00e1klady osmansk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v \u0158ecku. Sult\u00e1n brzy pokra\u010doval ve sv\u00e9m mision\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m d\u017eih\u00e1du a odstranil p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v Alb\u00e1nii i Uhr\u00e1ch.

Jeho v\u00fdboje<\/strong>
Za vl\u00e1dy Murada II. dobyli Osman\u00e9 v roce 834 AH \/ 1431 n. l. Alb\u00e1nii a zam\u011b\u0159ili sv\u016fj \u00fatok na ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st zem\u011b. Osman\u00e9 sv\u00e1d\u011bli ho\u0159k\u00e9 boje v severn\u00ed Alb\u00e1nii, kde severn\u00ed Alb\u00e1nci porazili dv\u011b osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v alb\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Porazili tak\u00e9 dv\u011b po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed osmansk\u00e9 kampan\u011b veden\u00e9 samotn\u00fdm sult\u00e1nem Muradem. Osman\u00e9 b\u011bhem \u00fastupu utrp\u011bli t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty podporovaly Alb\u00e1nce proti Osman\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na ben\u00e1tsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 si byla v\u011bdoma nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovalo osmansk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed tohoto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho regionu s jeho pl\u00e1\u017eemi a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstavy, kter\u00e9 spojovaly Ben\u00e1tky se St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00edm a okoln\u00edm sv\u011btem. Osman\u00e9 si byli tak\u00e9 v\u011bdomi toho, \u017ee Osman\u00e9 mohou zadr\u017eet ben\u00e1tsk\u00e9 lod\u011b v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m Jadersk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. se tak v Alb\u00e1nii neza\u017eil stabiln\u00ed osmansk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.
Pokud jde o ma\u010farskou frontu, Murad II. usp\u011bl v roce 842 AH \/ 1438 n. l., kdy\u017e porazil Ma\u010fary, zajal 70 000 jejich voj\u00e1k\u016f a obsadil n\u011bkolik pozic. Pot\u00e9 postupoval k dobyt\u00ed B\u011blehradu, srbsk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, ale ve sv\u00e9m pokusu selhal. Brzy byla vytvo\u0159ena velk\u00e1 k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1 aliance, po\u017eehnan\u00e1 pape\u017eem, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo zcela vyhnat Osmany z Evropy. Aliance zahrnovala pape\u017estv\u00ed, Uhry, Polsko, Srbsko, Vala\u0161sko, Janov, Ben\u00e1tky, Byzantskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a Burgundsk\u00e9 v\u00e9vodstv\u00ed. K alianci se p\u0159ipojily tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a \u010desk\u00e9 jednotky. Velen\u00ed k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch sil bylo sv\u011b\u0159eno schopn\u00e9mu ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu veliteli Janu Hunyadimu. Hunyadi vedl k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed s\u00edly a pochodoval na jih, p\u0159ekro\u010dil Dunaj a v roce 846 AH \/ 1442 n. l. zp\u016fsobil Osman\u016fm dv\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky. Osman\u00e9 byli nuceni usilovat o m\u00edr. V \u010dervenci roku 848 AH \/ 1444 n. l. byla ve \u0160t\u011bt\u00edn\u011b uzav\u0159ena desetilet\u00e1 m\u00edrov\u00e1 smlouva, v n\u00ed\u017e postoupil Srbsko a uznal Ji\u0159\u00edho Brankovi\u0107e za jeho kn\u00ed\u017eete. Sult\u00e1n Murad tak\u00e9 postoupil Uhr\u016fm Vala\u0161sko (Rumunsko) a vykoupil sv\u00e9ho zet\u011b Mahmuda \u010celebiho, kter\u00fd byl vrchn\u00edm velitelem osmansk\u00fdch vojsk, za 60 000 duk\u00e1t\u016f. Tato smlouva byla seps\u00e1na v osman\u0161tin\u011b a ma\u010far\u0161tin\u011b. Uhersk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Vladislav p\u0159\u00edsahal na Bibli a sult\u00e1n Murad p\u0159\u00edsahal na Kor\u00e1n, \u017ee budou \u010destn\u011b a v\u011brn\u011b plnit podm\u00ednky smlouvy.

Abdikace sultan\u00e1tu<\/strong>
Kdy\u017e Murad dokon\u010dil uzav\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi evropsk\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli, vr\u00e1til se do Anatolie. Byl \u0161okov\u00e1n smrt\u00ed sv\u00e9ho syna, prince Alaa, a jeho z\u00e1rmutek se zes\u00edlil. Z\u0159ekl se sv\u011bta i kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a abdikoval sultan\u00e1tu ve prosp\u011bch sv\u00e9ho syna Mehmeda II., kter\u00e9mu tehdy bylo \u010dtrn\u00e1ct let. Kv\u016fli jeho n\u00edzk\u00e9mu v\u011bku ho otec obklopil n\u011bkter\u00fdmi moudr\u00fdmi a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161liv\u00fdmi mu\u017ei sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Pot\u00e9 ode\u0161el do Magnesie v Mal\u00e9 Asii, aby str\u00e1vil zbytek \u017eivota v izolaci a klidu, kde se v\u011bnoval uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Boha a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed o Jeho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed pot\u00e9, co se ujistil, \u017ee v oblastech jeho st\u00e1tu byla nastolena bezpe\u010dnost a m\u00edr. Sult\u00e1n si toto odlou\u010den\u00ed a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dlouho neu\u017e\u00edval, proto\u017ee kardin\u00e1l Cesarini a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jeho pomocn\u00edci vyz\u00fdvali k poru\u0161en\u00ed smluv s Osmany a jejich vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed z Evropy, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee sult\u00e1n Murad odk\u00e1zal osmansk\u00fd tr\u016fn sv\u00e9mu mlad\u00e9mu synovi, kter\u00fd s n\u00edm nem\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti ani nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Pape\u017e Ev\u017een IV. byl touto satanskou my\u0161lenkou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den a po\u017e\u00e1dal k\u0159es\u0165any, aby smlouvu poru\u0161ili a za\u00fato\u010dili na muslimy. Vysv\u011btlil k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm, \u017ee smlouva uzav\u0159en\u00e1 s muslimy je neplatn\u00e1, proto\u017ee byla uzav\u0159ena bez svolen\u00ed pape\u017ee, Kristova n\u00e1m\u011bstka na zemi. Kardin\u00e1l Cesarini byl velmi aktivn\u00ed, neust\u00e1le v pohybu, nikdy neunaven\u00fd prac\u00ed a usiloval o odstran\u011bn\u00ed Osman\u016f. Proto nav\u0161t\u011bvoval k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 kr\u00e1le a jejich v\u016fdce a podn\u011bcoval je k poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy s muslimy. P\u0159esv\u011bd\u010doval ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo proti n\u011bmu m\u011bl n\u00e1mitky, aby smlouvu poru\u0161il, a \u0159\u00edkal mu: \u201eJm\u00e9nem pape\u017ee je zbavuje odpov\u011bdnosti za jej\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed a \u017eehn\u00e1 jejich voj\u00e1k\u016fm a zbran\u00edm. Mus\u00ed j\u00edt jeho cestou, nebo\u0165 je to cesta sl\u00e1vy a sp\u00e1sy. Kdokoli pot\u00e9 bude m\u00edt sv\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s n\u00edm bojuje a boj\u00ed se h\u0159\u00edchu, ponese jeho b\u0159emeno a h\u0159\u00edch.\u201c

K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci poru\u0161uj\u00ed smlouvu<\/strong>
K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci poru\u0161ili sv\u00e9 smlouvy, zmobilizovali arm\u00e1dy k boji proti muslim\u016fm a obl\u00e9hali bulharsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Varna, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a kter\u00e9 muslimov\u00e9 osvobodili. Poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed smluv je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm rysem nep\u0159\u00e1tel tohoto n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, a proto V\u0161emohouc\u00ed All\u00e1h zav\u00e1zal muslimy k boji proti nim. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1: {\u201eJestli\u017ee v\u0161ak po uzav\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9 smlouvy poru\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsahy a za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na va\u0161e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, bojujte proti v\u016fdc\u016fm nev\u00edry. V\u011bru pro n\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsahy neexistuj\u00ed. Snad od toho ustanou.\u201c [At-Tawba: 12]. Nerespektuj\u00ed smlouvy ani dohody, jak to v\u017edy bylo jejich charakterem. Nev\u00e1haj\u00ed za\u00fato\u010dit na jak\u00fdkoli n\u00e1rod, na jakoukoli osobu, u kter\u00e9 spat\u0159uj\u00ed slabost, zab\u00edjet a masakrovat.\u201c

N\u00e1vrat k d\u017eih\u00e1du<\/strong>
Kdy\u017e k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 za\u010dali postupovat sm\u011brem k Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a muslimov\u00e9 v Edirne se doslechli o k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9m hnut\u00ed a postupu, zmocnil se jich strach a hr\u016fza. St\u00e1tn\u00edci poslali zpr\u00e1vu sult\u00e1novi Muradovi a nal\u00e9hali na n\u011bj, aby p\u0159i\u0161el a \u010delil t\u00e9to hrozb\u011b. Mud\u017eahedsk\u00fd sult\u00e1n se vyno\u0159il ze sv\u00e9ho \u00fastran\u00ed, aby vedl osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy proti k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 hrozb\u011b. Muradovi se poda\u0159ilo vyjednat s janovskou flotilou p\u0159epravu \u010dty\u0159iceti tis\u00edc osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z Asie do Evropy pod dohledem a uchem k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 flotily v\u00fdm\u011bnou za jeden din\u00e1r za voj\u00e1ka.
Sult\u00e1n Murad urychlil sv\u016fj pochod a do Varny dorazil ve stejn\u00fd den jako k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne vypukla mezi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi a muslimsk\u00fdmi vojsky zu\u0159iv\u00e1 bitva. Sult\u00e1n Murad nabodl smlouvu, kterou jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 poru\u0161ili, na \u0161pi\u010dku kop\u00ed, aby je i cel\u00e9 nebe i zemi u\u010dinil sv\u011bdky jejich zrady a agrese a aby pos\u00edlil nad\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Ob\u011b strany bojovaly a odehr\u00e1la se mezi nimi hrozn\u00e1 bitva, v n\u00ed\u017e v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 padlo na stranu k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f d\u00edky jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 horlivosti a nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu nad\u0161en\u00ed. Tato ochrana a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00ed se v\u0161ak st\u0159etly s d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00fdm duchem Osman\u016f. Kr\u00e1l Ladislav, poru\u0161itel smlouvy, se setkal tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 se sult\u00e1nem Muradem, dodr\u017eovatelem smlouvy, a bojovali. Hrozn\u00e1 bitva mezi nimi se odehr\u00e1la 28. r\u00e1d\u017eabu roku 848 hid\u017ery \/ 10. listopadu 1444 n. l. Muslimsk\u00fd sult\u00e1n dok\u00e1zal k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le zab\u00edt. P\u0159ekvapil ho siln\u00fdm \u00faderem kop\u00ed, kter\u00fd ho p\u0159im\u011bl spadnout z kon\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mud\u017eahed\u00edni se vrhli, usekli mu hlavu a nabodli ji na kop\u00ed, oslavuj\u00edc a raduj\u00edc se. Jeden z mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016f k\u0159i\u010del na nep\u0159\u00edtele: \u201e\u00d3 nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, toto je hlava va\u0161eho kr\u00e1le.\u201c Tato sc\u00e9na m\u011bla siln\u00fd dopad na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 davy a ty se zmocnil strach a panika. Muslimov\u00e9 proti nim zah\u00e1jili siln\u00fd \u00fatok, rozpt\u00fdlili je a porazili je v hrozn\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017ece. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 se oto\u010dili z\u00e1dy a odtla\u010dovali se. Sult\u00e1n Murad sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele nepron\u00e1sledoval a spokojil se s\u2026 Toto je rozsah v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a je to velk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.
Tato bitva vy\u0159adila Ma\u010farsko ze seznamu zem\u00ed schopn\u00fdch zah\u00e1jit \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace proti Osman\u016fm na nejm\u00e9n\u011b deset let.

N\u00e1vrat k izolaci a oddanosti<\/strong>
Sult\u00e1n Murad se neopustil sv\u00e9ho asketismu v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b ani v kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, a tak se vzdal tr\u016fnu ve prosp\u011bch sv\u00e9ho syna Muhammada a vr\u00e1til se do sv\u00e9ho \u00fastran\u00ed v Magnesii, jako v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd lev vracej\u00edc\u00ed se do sv\u00e9ho doup\u011bte.
Historie n\u00e1m zmi\u0148uje skupinu kr\u00e1l\u016f a vl\u00e1dc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed abdikovali ze sv\u00fdch tr\u016fn\u016f a od\u0159\u00edzli se od lidu a n\u00e1dhery kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed do \u00fastran\u00ed, a \u017ee se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z t\u011bchto kr\u00e1l\u016f na tr\u016fn vr\u00e1tili, ale nezm\u00ednili jsme se o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z nich, kdo abdikoval dvakr\u00e1t, s v\u00fdjimkou sult\u00e1na Murada. Sotva se dostal do sv\u00e9 izolace v Mal\u00e9 Asii, kdy\u017e se jani\u010d\u00e1\u0159i v Edirne vzbou\u0159ili, bou\u0159ili, zu\u0159ili, bou\u0159ili a zkorumpovali. Sult\u00e1n Mehmed II. byl mlad\u00fd mu\u017e posledn\u00edch let a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mu\u017ei st\u00e1tu se ob\u00e1vali, \u017ee se z\u00e1le\u017eitost vyhrot\u00ed, nebezpe\u010d\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, zlo se zhor\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1sledky budou \u0161patn\u00e9, a tak poslali sult\u00e1na Murada s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed, aby se z\u00e1le\u017eitosti ujal s\u00e1m. Sult\u00e1n Murad p\u0159i\u0161el, chopil se ot\u011b\u017e\u00ed moci a jani\u010d\u00e1\u0159i se mu pod\u0159\u00eddili. Poslal sv\u00e9ho syna Muhammada do Magnesie jako jej\u00edho guvern\u00e9ra v Anatolii. Sult\u00e1n Murad II. z\u016fstal na osmansk\u00e9m tr\u016fnu a\u017e do posledn\u00edho dne sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil v dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed.

Murad II. a jeho l\u00e1ska k b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016fm, u\u010denc\u016fm a charit\u011b<\/strong>
Muhammad Harb \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eA\u010dkoli byl Murad II. mu\u017eem s n\u011bkolika b\u00e1sn\u011bmi a m\u00e1me jen m\u00e1lo z jeho poezie, m\u011bl velk\u00fd vliv na literaturu a poezii, co\u017e nelze pop\u0159\u00edt, proto\u017ee po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u011bloval b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 dvakr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b zval do sv\u00e9 rady, aby \u0159ekli, co m\u011bli \u0159\u00edct, a aby se zab\u00fdvali podrobnostmi rozhovor\u016f a drb\u016f mezi nimi a sult\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd je schvaloval nebo neschvaloval, vyb\u00edral nebo odm\u00edtal. \u010casto uspokojoval pot\u0159eby pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch mezi nimi t\u00edm, \u017ee jim ud\u011bloval po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jim nach\u00e1zel povol\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by jim poskytovalo ob\u017eivu, dokud by se nezbavili \u017eivotn\u00edch starost\u00ed a neoddali se psan\u00ed poezie. Jeho doba dala vzniknout mnoha b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016fm.\u201c
Murad II. prom\u011bnil kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c v jakousi v\u011bdeckou akademii a dokonce si v jeho boj\u00edch nechal doprov\u00e1zet b\u00e1sn\u00edky. Jedna z jeho b\u00e1sn\u00ed zn\u011bla: \u201ePoj\u010fte, vzpome\u0148me si na Boha, nebo\u0165 na tomto sv\u011bt\u011b nejsme v\u011b\u010dn\u00ed.\u201c
Byl to vzd\u011blan\u00fd, moudr\u00fd, spravedliv\u00fd a state\u010dn\u00fd sult\u00e1n. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok pos\u00edlal ze sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch pen\u011bz t\u0159i tis\u00edce p\u011bt set din\u00e1r\u016f obyvatel\u016fm Dvou svat\u00fdch me\u0161it a Jeruzal\u00e9ma. Z\u00e1le\u017eelo mu na znalostech, u\u010denc\u00edch, \u0161ejc\u00edch a spravedliv\u00fdch. Dl\u00e1\u017edil cesty kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm, zaji\u0161\u0165oval silnice, zav\u00e1d\u011bl z\u00e1kony a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a poni\u017eoval nev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed a ateisty. J\u00fasuf As\u00e1f o n\u011bm \u0159ekl: \u201eByl zbo\u017en\u00fd a spravedliv\u00fd, siln\u00fd hrdina, milovn\u00edk dobra, naklon\u011bn\u00fd soucitu a laskavosti.\u201c
Sult\u00e1n Murad postavil me\u0161ity, \u0161koly, pal\u00e1ce a mosty, v\u010detn\u011b me\u0161ity v Edirne se t\u0159emi balkony. Vedle t\u00e9to me\u0161ity postavil \u0161kolu a hospic, kde dost\u00e1vali stravu chud\u00ed a pot\u0159ebn\u00ed.

Jeho smrt a z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165<\/strong>
Sult\u00e1n zem\u0159el v pal\u00e1ci Edirne 16. muharramu roku 855 hid\u017ery (18. \u00fanora 1451 n. l.) ve v\u011bku 47 let. V souladu se svou v\u016fl\u00ed, k\u00e9\u017e se nad n\u00edm B\u016fh smiluj, byl poh\u0159ben vedle me\u0161ity Muradiye v Burse. Po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby se nad jeho hrobem nic nestav\u011blo, aby po jeho stran\u00e1ch byly vybudov\u00e1ny prostory pro memoranda, kde by si mohli sednout a recitovat Kor\u00e1n, a aby byl poh\u0159ben v p\u00e1tek. Jeho v\u016fle byla vykon\u00e1na.

Kdy\u017e jsme byli skv\u011bl\u00ed<\/strong>
Z knihy Nezapomenuteln\u00ed v\u016fdci od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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