{"id":21946,"date":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:06:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21946"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:14:52","slug":"rdae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21946","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1d Granady"},"content":{"rendered":"
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28. \u00fanora 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

P\u00e1d Granady

P\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Granada v Andalusii po dv\u011b stolet\u00ed bylo z\u00e1zrakem isl\u00e1mu.
Tento isl\u00e1msk\u00fd ostrov, vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed se nad rozbou\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u0159em k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed historickou nen\u00e1vist\u00ed a podvody, by si nemohl udr\u017eet svou slavnou neochv\u011bjnost, neb\u00fdt toho, \u017ee podstata neochv\u011bjnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a principech. Bez isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 v\u00edry by se tento ostrov nemohl udr\u017eet v Andalusii pot\u00e9, co v\u0161echna isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 m\u011bsta a pevnosti padly p\u0159ed dv\u011bma stolet\u00edmi.
Pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00e1kon reakce na v\u00fdzvu udr\u017eel Granadu p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b a napln\u011bnou isl\u00e1msk\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm a kulturn\u00edm pokrokem po tato dv\u011b stolet\u00ed. Pocit Grana\u010fan\u016f, \u017ee \u010del\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edteli, kter\u00fd je obklopuje ze v\u0161ech stran a \u010dek\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost je pohltit, a \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou nad\u011bji na v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed z isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a \u017ee se mus\u00ed spolehnout sami na sebe, byl jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed k neust\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, pozvednut\u00ed praporu d\u017eih\u00e1du a lp\u011bn\u00ed na sv\u00e9m isl\u00e1mu.
Granad\u011b se tak poda\u0159ilo z\u016fstat a\u017e do roku 897 AH \/ 1492 n. l. d\u00e1mou isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 Andalusie, maj\u00e1kem v\u011bdy a plamenem zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 civilizace v Evrop\u011b.
L\u00e9ta kolem p\u00e1du v\u0161ak byla sv\u011bdky v\u00fdvoje v andalusk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 \u00farovni za\u010dal velk\u00fd svazek mezi dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdmi kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edmi nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi k isl\u00e1mu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edmi Aragonsk\u00fdm a Kastilsk\u00fdm. Ob\u011b kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed se slou\u010dila v unii, kter\u00e1 vyvrcholila s\u0148atkem Isabely, kastilsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovny, s Ferdinandem, aragonsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem. Sen, kter\u00fd pron\u00e1sledoval oba katolick\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 p\u00e1ry b\u011bhem jejich svatebn\u00ed noci, byl vstoupit do Granady, str\u00e1vit l\u00edb\u00e1nky v Alhamb\u0159e a vzty\u010dit k\u0159\u00ed\u017e nad granadskou str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Na isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 \u00farovni vypukl v Granadsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed velk\u00fd spor, zejm\u00e9na mezi \u010dleny vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed rodiny. Omezen\u00e9 Granadsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed bylo rozd\u011bleno na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 ohro\u017eovala druhou a st\u00e1la j\u00ed v cest\u011b. Jedna \u010d\u00e1st se nach\u00e1zela ve velk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Granad\u011b, kter\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dl Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ali Abu al-Hasan al-Nasri (posledn\u00ed kr\u00e1l Granady), a druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se nach\u00e1zela ve V\u00e1d\u00ed A\u0161 a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu vl\u00e1dl jeho str\u00fdc Abu Abdullah Muhammad, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako al-Zaghal.
Dva katoli\u010dt\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zah\u00e1jili \u00fatok na Wadi Ash v roce 894 AH \/ 1489 n. l. a poda\u0159ilo se jim dob\u00fdt Wadi Ash, Almerii, Bastu a dal\u0161\u00ed, tak\u017ee se ocitli na okraji m\u011bsta Granada.
Poslali zpr\u00e1vu sult\u00e1novi Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1hovi an-Nasrimu s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed, aby se vzdal vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bsta Alhambry a z\u016fstal na\u017eivu v Granad\u011b pod jeho ochranou. Jak u\u017e to u kr\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 d\u011bjiny pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed, b\u00fdv\u00e1 zvykem, tento kr\u00e1l byl slab\u00fd a s t\u00edmto dnem nepo\u010d\u00edtal. V\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee tato \u017e\u00e1dost znamen\u00e1 kapitulaci posledn\u00edho isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed v Andalusii, a proto \u017e\u00e1dost odm\u00edtl. Mezi muslimy a k\u0159es\u0165any vypukla v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 trvala dva roky. Vedl ji a v du\u0161\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f za\u017eehl horlivost isl\u00e1msk\u00fd ryt\u00ed\u0159 z t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se jev\u00ed jako z\u00e1blesk slunce p\u0159ed z\u00e1padem slunce: M\u00fasa ibn Ab\u00ed al-Ghas\u00e1n.
D\u00edky tomuto ryt\u00ed\u0159i a dal\u0161\u00edm jemu podobn\u00fdm Granada dva roky odol\u00e1vala katolick\u00fdm kr\u00e1l\u016fm a sedm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f sn\u00e1\u0161ela jejich obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed. O konci konfliktu v\u0161ak nebylo pochyb. Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1h, jeho\u017e kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed mu\u017ei neuchr\u00e1nili, a rozd\u011blen\u00ed rodiny a vnit\u0159n\u00ed spory v kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od \u00fapln\u00e9 jednoty na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 front\u011b, nav\u00edc s \u00farodou dlouh\u00e9 historie ztr\u00e1t, p\u0159edisl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho nacionalismu a konflikt\u016f daleko od isl\u00e1mu, kter\u00fd Granada \u017eila a zd\u011bdila z toho, co zd\u011bdila po padl\u00fdch \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edch.
V\u0161echny tyto faktory vedly k uha\u0161en\u00ed posledn\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky v Andalusii, dokud se \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1l\u016fm Ferdinandovi a Isabele nepoda\u0159ilo zmocnit se Granady po jej\u00ed kapitulaci sult\u00e1nem Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1hem al-Nasrim v roce 897 AH, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 2. lednu 1492 n. l. V Andalusii z\u016fstaly statis\u00edce muslim\u016f, jeliko\u017e kapitula\u010dn\u00ed dohoda stanovila ob\u010danskou svobodu pro muslimy, zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich majetku a mo\u017enost \u017e\u00edt jako ob\u010dan\u00e9. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 v\u0161ak brzy za\u010dali muslimy pron\u00e1sledovat a nutit je konvertovat ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tzv. inkvizice. Muslimov\u00e9 se vzbou\u0159ili a pokusili se \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm vzdorovat, ale nakonec byli nuceni Andalusii opustit. Sto dvacet let po p\u00e1du Granady ji\u017e ve \u0160pan\u011blsku a Portugalsku nez\u016fstali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, a to pot\u00e9, co byl v roce 1018 AH \/ 1609 n. l. ve \u0160pan\u011blsku vyd\u00e1n kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd dekret jm\u00e9nem Filip III., v n\u011bm\u017e varoval muslimy ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, aby do 72 hodin opustili kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. To bylo v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010delem rozhodnut\u00ed bylo vyhladit posledn\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed muslimy.
Tato krvav\u00e1 trag\u00e9die trvala deset m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a b\u011bhem nich bylo zabito asi 400 000 muslim\u016f. Zbytek uprchl do Maroka a Al\u017e\u00edrska a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich ze strachu konvertovali ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.
Kdy\u017e se Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1h, posledn\u00ed kr\u00e1l Granady, nalodil na svou lo\u010f a opustil isl\u00e1mskou Granadu, lou\u010d\u00edc se s Andalusi\u00ed po osmi stolet\u00edch \u017eivota ve st\u00ednu isl\u00e1mu, v t\u00e9to n\u00e1siln\u00e9 dramatick\u00e9 situaci Ab\u00fa Abdall\u00e1h plakal nad sv\u00fdm ztracen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm a od sv\u00e9 matky se do\u010dkal slov, kter\u00e1 historie zachovala: \u201ePla\u010dte jako \u017eeny nad kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jste nechr\u00e1nily tak, jako to d\u011blaj\u00ed mu\u017ei.\u201c
Pravdou je, \u017ee t\u011bmito jeho slovy ho matka fackovala a fackovala mnoho isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed plakali jako \u017eeny nad kr\u00e1lem, kter\u00e9ho nechr\u00e1nili tak, jako by ho chr\u00e1nili mu\u017ei!

Pro\u010d jsme byli skv\u011bl\u00ed
Kniha (Nezapomenuteln\u00e9 zem\u011b) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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