{"id":21943,"date":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21943"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:17:43","slug":"fdgds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21943","title":{"rendered":"Dobyt\u00ed It\u00e1lie"},"content":{"rendered":"
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27. \u00fanora 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Dobyt\u00ed It\u00e1lie<\/strong>

Muslimov\u00e9 dvakr\u00e1t napadli m\u011bsto Caesar a bohu\u017eel v isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch existuje jen m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed o t\u011bchto a dal\u0161\u00edch podobn\u00fdch invaz\u00edch. Je to proto, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu t\u011bchto invaz\u00ed provedli dobrovoln\u00ed mud\u017eahed\u00edni, nez\u00e1visl\u00ed na autorit\u011b chal\u00edf\u00e1tu. Muslim\u0161t\u00ed historici si proto v\u011bt\u0161inu t\u011bchto hrdinsk\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a dobyt\u00ed neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina informac\u00ed o t\u011bchto invaz\u00edch poch\u00e1z\u00ed z evropsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.

Podstata tohoto velk\u00e9ho eposu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se dobrovoln\u00ed mud\u017eahed\u00edni po vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 porad\u011b rozhodli vpadnout do \u0158\u00edma. P\u0159edlo\u017eili tento n\u00e1pad sicilsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b a jej\u00edmu guvern\u00e9rovi Al-Fadl ibn D\u017ea'farovi Al-Hamadhanimu. Ten zase v\u011bc p\u0159edal tehdej\u0161\u00edmu aghlabidsk\u00e9mu princi Ab\u00fa al-Abbasovi Muhammadovi ibn al-Aghlabovi. N\u00e1pad se mu l\u00edbil a mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016fm poskytl dostatek vybaven\u00ed, z\u00e1sob a mu\u017e\u016f. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed za\u010dalo v roce 231 AH \/ 846 n. l. sm\u011brem k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed It\u00e1lie, dokud nedos\u00e1hlo \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky T\u00e9vere, kde se na konci t\u00e9to \u0159eky nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0158\u00edm. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b hradby m\u011bsta \u0158\u00edma nezahrnovaly cel\u00e9 star\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Za hradbami se nach\u00e1zela n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 \u010dtvr\u0165, v n\u00ed\u017e se nach\u00e1zely slavn\u00e9 kostely Petra a Pavla a velk\u00e1 skupina chr\u00e1m\u016f, svatyn\u00ed a starov\u011bk\u00fdch hrobek. Z\u016fstala nest\u0159e\u017een\u00e1, proto\u017ee k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee je to svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 nebem. Mud\u017eahed\u00edni za\u00fato\u010dili na tuto oblast a zmocnili se v\u0161ech jej\u00edch nepopsateln\u00fdch poklad\u016f. Pot\u00e9 obl\u00e9hali m\u011bsto Caesar\u016f a m\u011bsto bylo na pokraji p\u00e1du. Pape\u017e Sergej byl vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00fd. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd pape\u017e byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b varov\u00e1n p\u0159ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm \u00fatokem a vyslal t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1l\u016fm a kn\u00ed\u017eat\u016fm. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed fransk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Ludv\u00edk II. se chopil iniciativy a vyslal velkou skupinu sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, aby zachr\u00e1nil \u0158\u00edm a jeho kostely. Kv\u016fli neshod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vznikly mezi samotn\u00fdmi v\u016fdci muslimsk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed, muslimov\u00e9 obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed ukon\u010dili a vr\u00e1tili se na Sic\u00edlii nalo\u017eeni ko\u0159ist\u00ed a zajatci.

Tento odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pokus muslimsk\u00fdch mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016f odhalil slabost a k\u0159ehkost obrany m\u011bsta \u0158\u00edma, kter\u00e9 bylo kdysi hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a centrem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Muslimov\u00e9 se rozhodli zkusit to znovu, dokud se nenaskytne p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Stalo se tak v roce 256 AH \/ 870 n. l., za siln\u00e9 podpory tehdej\u0161\u00edho aghlabidsk\u00e9ho prince Muhammada ibn Ahmada ibn al-Aghlaba. Tento princ usp\u011bl o rok d\u0159\u00edve v roce 255 AH \/ 869 n. l. a dob\u00fdt ostrov Malta. Jeho ambice vzrostly a cht\u011bl dos\u00e1hnout cti dob\u00fdt \u0158\u00edm. Flotily mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016f se skute\u010dn\u011b setkaly s flotilami Aghlabid\u016f a pokra\u010dovaly po stejn\u00e9 trase jako p\u0159i p\u0159edchoz\u00edm ta\u017een\u00ed, dokud nedos\u00e1hly \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky Tevere. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd pape\u017e Lev IV. se pou\u010dil z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed invaze a sp\u011bchal a po\u017e\u00e1dal flotily Janova a Neapole, aby odrazily muslimsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed proti \u0158\u00edmu. Mezi ob\u011bma stranami vypukla pobl\u00ed\u017e vod p\u0159\u00edstavu Ostia obrovsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitva, v n\u00ed\u017e muslimov\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rozdrtili k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 flotily. Neb\u00fdt prudk\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 bou\u0159e, kter\u00e1 zas\u00e1hla Ostii, boje by ustaly.

Tato siln\u00e1 bou\u0159e muslimy neodradila a navzdory t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m v d\u016fsledku bou\u0159e trvali na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed invaze a obl\u00e9hali m\u011bsto s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed silou, dokud nebylo na pokraji p\u00e1du. To p\u0159im\u011blo pape\u017ee Jana VIII., kter\u00fd nastoupil po Lvu IV., jen\u017e zem\u0159el z\u00e1rmutkem nad pohromami, kter\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed postihly, aby se pod\u0159\u00eddil podm\u00ednk\u00e1m muslim\u016f a platil jim ro\u010dn\u00ed poplatek ve v\u00fd\u0161i dvaceti p\u011bti tis\u00edc mithqal\u016f st\u0159\u00edbra. To m\u011blo t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd dopad na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody obecn\u011b a Evropu zejm\u00e9na, proto\u017ee jak mohl pape\u017e platit poplatek muslim\u016fm? Toto je v\u0161ak prok\u00e1zan\u00e1 historick\u00e1 pravda, o kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed pochyb. Je to n\u011bco, \u010deho byli nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 sv\u011bdky a co si zapsali do sv\u00fdch knih, i kdy\u017e je to zahanbuje a zarmoucuje. Je to tak\u00e9 jedna ze sc\u00e9n hrdosti, d\u016fstojnosti a hrdinstv\u00ed v minulosti, o kter\u00e9 se muslimov\u00e9 nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed u\u010dit a z n\u00ed\u017e by m\u011bli m\u00edt prosp\u011bch.

Pro\u010d jsme byli skv\u011bl\u00ed
Kniha (Nezapomenuteln\u00e9 zem\u011b) od Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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