{"id":21940,"date":"2025-03-27T12:03:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T12:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21940"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:18:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:18:40","slug":"hfdjdjh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21940","title":{"rendered":"Sedm\u00e1 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava proti Egyptu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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20. \u00fanora 2019<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sedm\u00e1 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava proti Egyptu<\/strong>

D\u016fvody pro sedmou kampa\u0148<\/strong>
V Evrop\u011b od poloviny dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed n. l. p\u0159evl\u00e1dala my\u0161lenka, \u017ee dokud si Egypt udr\u017e\u00ed svou s\u00edlu a moc, k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy nebudou m\u00edt \u00fasp\u011bch a nez\u00edskaj\u00ed zp\u011bt Jeruzal\u00e9m od muslim\u016f. T\u011bm se ho poda\u0159ilo znovu z\u00edskat od k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f v roce 642 AH \/ 1244 n. l. z rukou kr\u00e1le Al-S\u00e1liha Ajj\u00faba. Frankov\u00e9 znovu vybudovali jeruzal\u00e9mskou citadelu po smrti kr\u00e1le Al-K\u00e1mila v roce 635 AH, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee poru\u0161ili podm\u00ednky smlouvy a p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed mezi nimi a muslimy, kter\u00e9 s nimi kr\u00e1l Al-K\u00e1mil podepsal v roce 626 AH \/ 1229 n. l. Muslimov\u00e9 ji obl\u00e9hali a dobyli a v roce 637 AH \/ 1240 n. l. citadelu zni\u010dili, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee z\u016fstala v rukou k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f asi jeden\u00e1ct let od doby, kdy jim Al-K\u00e1mil vzdal Jeruzal\u00e9m. To byl d\u016fvod, kter\u00fd vedl k sedm\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdprav\u011b veden\u00e9 Ludv\u00edkem IX. proti Egyptu, ta\u017een\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 se k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd Z\u00e1pad p\u0159ipravoval ve spolupr\u00e1ci s pape\u017eem Inocencem IV. a francouzsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Ludv\u00edkem IX., a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 rada v Lyonu byla sv\u011bdkem v\u00fdzvy k n\u00ed v roce 646 AH \/ 1248 n. l.

Aliance, kter\u00e1 se neuskute\u010dnila<\/strong>
C\u00edlem ta\u017een\u00ed nebylo jen znovudobyt\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma nebo \u00fatok na Egypt, nebo\u0165 se jednalo o d\u016fle\u017eitou vojenskou z\u00e1kladnu a kl\u00ed\u010d k Jeruzal\u00e9mu. Jeho c\u00edlem byl tak\u00e9 p\u0159ita\u017een\u00fd za vlasy c\u00edl: vytvo\u0159it k\u0159es\u0165ansko-pohansk\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed mezi k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky a Mongoly, kter\u00e9 by na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zni\u010dilo ajj\u00fabovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t v Egypt\u011b a Levant\u011b a na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 obkl\u00ed\u010dilo a obkl\u00ed\u010dilo isl\u00e1msk\u00fd sv\u011bt z v\u00fdchodu a z\u00e1padu.
Pape\u017esk\u00fd pl\u00e1n byl zalo\u017een na k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 by za\u00fato\u010dily na arabsk\u00fd region z b\u0159eh\u016f St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e a zah\u00e1jily sv\u016fj vojensk\u00fd program obsazen\u00edm Damietty, tehdy nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstavu ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 by mongolsk\u00e9 s\u00edly postupovaly z v\u00fdchodu a zah\u00e1jily \u00fatok na isl\u00e1msk\u00fd region. Barbarsk\u00fdm mongolsk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m se poda\u0159ilo napadnout v\u00fdchodn\u00ed stranu isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.
Pape\u017e Inocenc IV. vyslal k Mongol\u016fm dv\u011b poselstv\u00ed, aby tohoto c\u00edle dos\u00e1hl, ale ta se nepovedla. Velk\u00fd mongolsk\u00fd ch\u00e1n m\u011bl jin\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny. Poslal pape\u017ei zpr\u00e1vu, v n\u00ed\u017e ho po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby uznal jeho svrchovanost a prohl\u00e1sil svou pod\u0159\u00edzenost jemu i evropsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1l\u016fm. Dokonce ho po\u017e\u00e1dal, aby k jeho dvoru p\u0159ivedl v\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1le, aby mu vzdali hold, a pova\u017eoval ho za velk\u00e9ho ch\u00e1na Tatar\u016f a p\u00e1na cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.
Ne\u00fasp\u011bch projektu k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1cko-mongolsk\u00e9 aliance nic nezm\u011bnil. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava vyplula na podzim roku 646 AH \/ 1248 n. l. z francouzsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu Marseille na ostrov Kypr a po ur\u010ditou dobu tam z\u016fstala. Odtud pak vyplula na ja\u0159e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku, 647 AH \/ 1249 n. l., a po dobr\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b se plavila sm\u011brem k egyptsk\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Po\u010det jej\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f dos\u00e1hl asi pades\u00e1ti tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f, v jejich\u017e \u010dele st\u00e1li brat\u0159i francouzsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le: Karel z Anjou a Robert z Artaudu.

P\u0159\u00edprava a vybaven\u00ed<\/strong>
Al-Salih Ayyub se o tomto ta\u017een\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u011bl, kdy\u017e byl v Levant\u011b. Sly\u0161el o k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00edc\u00edch se na Kypru a o jejich p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch na invazi a dobyt\u00ed Egypta. Navzdory nemoci se vr\u00e1til do Egypta a za\u010dal si za\u0159izovat vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.
Kdy\u017e se Al-Salih Ayyub dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee m\u011bsto Damietta bude preferovanou trasou k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f pro invazi do Egypta, ut\u00e1bo\u0159il se se sv\u00fdmi arm\u00e1dami ji\u017en\u011b od n\u011bj ve m\u011bst\u011b \u201eAshmoum Tanah\u201c, kter\u00e9 se dnes v severn\u00edm Egypt\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eAshmoun al-Ruman\u201c. Na\u0159\u00eddil opevnit m\u011bsto a vyslal k n\u011bmu arm\u00e1du vedenou princem Fakhr al-Din Yusufem s rozkazem, aby se ut\u00e1bo\u0159il na jeho z\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, aby zabr\u00e1nil nep\u0159\u00edteli v vylod\u011bn\u00ed na b\u0159ehu. Ut\u00e1bo\u0159il se tam naproti m\u011bstu a mezi n\u00edm a n\u00edm byl Nil.
K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1 flotila dos\u00e1hla egyptsk\u00fdch vod u Damietty 20. safaru roku 647 AH \/ \u010dervna 1249 n. l. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci vylodili na z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Nilu. Mezi nimi a muslimy vypukly poty\u010dky, po nich\u017e se princ Fahr al-Din a jeho s\u00edly pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 ochranou m\u011bsta st\u00e1hly do sult\u00e1nova t\u00e1bora v A\u0161m\u00fam Tana.
Kdy\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 Damietty vid\u011bli, jak pos\u00e1dka ustupuje, uprchli ve strachu a panice a nechali most, kter\u00fd spojoval z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh s Damiettou, st\u00e1t. K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci ho p\u0159ekro\u010dili a snadno obsadili m\u011bsto. Damietta tak padla do rukou vojsk sedm\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy bez boje.
Al-Salih Ayyub p\u0159ijal zpr\u00e1vu o p\u00e1du Damietty se sm\u011bsic\u00ed bolesti a hn\u011bvu. Na\u0159\u00eddil p\u0159evelen\u00ed n\u011bkolika prchaj\u00edc\u00edch ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f a pok\u00e1ral prince Fakhr al-D\u00edna za jeho nedbalost a slabost. Byl nucen p\u0159esunout sv\u016fj t\u00e1bor do m\u011bsta Mans\u00fara. V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b byly rozm\u00edst\u011bny na Nilu sm\u011brem k m\u011bstu a do m\u011bsta se hrnuly skupiny mud\u017eahed\u00edn\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed uprchli z Levanty a isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho Maghrebu.
V\u0161e se omezovalo na n\u00e1jezdy muslimsk\u00fdch fedayeen\u016f na k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fd t\u00e1bor a \u00fanosy ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, koho se jim dostal do rukou. Vym\u00fd\u0161leli si metody, kter\u00e9 vzbuzovaly \u00fa\u017eas a obdiv. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f byl muslimsk\u00fd mud\u017eahed, kter\u00fd vydlabal zelen\u00fd meloun, str\u010dil do n\u011bj hlavu a pak se pono\u0159il do vody, dokud se nep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9mu t\u00e1boru. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed bojovn\u00edci si mysleli, \u017ee je to meloun plovouc\u00ed ve vod\u011b, ale kdy\u017e si pro n\u011bj \u0161el, muslim\u0161t\u00ed fedayeenov\u00e9 ho chytili a p\u0159ivedli jako v\u011bzn\u011b. Pr\u016fvody k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch zajatc\u016f se v ulic\u00edch K\u00e1hiry zn\u00e1sobovaly zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zvy\u0161oval nad\u0161en\u00ed lid\u00ed a pozvedal mor\u00e1lku bojovn\u00edk\u016f do nebesk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in.
Egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo mezit\u00edm obl\u00e9halo expedi\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly a p\u0159eru\u0161ilo jim z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed cesty v Damiett\u011b. Tato situace trvala \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po p\u0159\u00edjezdu expedice, kdy Ludv\u00edk IX. \u010dekal v Damiett\u011b na p\u0159\u00edjezd sv\u00e9ho bratra, hrab\u011bte de Poitiers. Kdy\u017e dorazil, kr\u00e1l uspo\u0159\u00e1dal v\u00e1le\u010dnou radu, aby vypracoval pl\u00e1n \u00fatoku, a rozhodli se pochodovat sm\u011brem ke K\u00e1hi\u0159e. Jejich s\u00edly opustily Damiettu v sobotu 12. \u0161aabu roku 647 hid\u017ery \/ 20. listopadu 1249 n. l. a jejich lod\u011b pluly po jejich boku na rameni Nilu. V Damiett\u011b z\u016fstala k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka.

Smrt kr\u00e1le Al-S\u00e1liha<\/strong>
Zat\u00edmco k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed bylo v pln\u00e9m proudu, kr\u00e1l As-S\u00e1lih Ajj\u00fab zem\u0159el v noci patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho \u0161\u00e1banu roku 647 AH \/ 22. listopadu 1249 n. l. Jeho man\u017eelka \u0160ad\u017earat al-Durr p\u0159evzala st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti pot\u00e9, co zpr\u00e1vu o jeho smrti utajila, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vala rozkolu mezi muslimy. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 poslala zpr\u00e1vu sv\u00e9mu nevlastn\u00edmu synovi a n\u00e1sledn\u00edkovi tr\u016fnu Turanovi \u0160\u00e1hovi, v n\u00ed\u017e ho nal\u00e9hala, aby opustil Hisn Kaifu pobl\u00ed\u017e ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch hranic a co nejrychleji se vr\u00e1til do Egypta, aby nastoupil na tr\u016fn a stal se n\u00e1stupcem sv\u00e9ho otce.
Zpr\u00e1va o smrti kr\u00e1le As-S\u00e1liha Ajj\u00faba pros\u00e1kla ke k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, a tak se za\u010dali p\u0159esouvat. Opustili Damiettu a pochodovali na jih pod\u00e9l v\u00fdchodn\u00edho b\u0159ehu Nilu k rameni Damietty. Jejich lod\u011b pluly po Nilu vedle nich, dokud nedorazili k A\u0161mumsk\u00e9mu mo\u0159i neboli kan\u00e1lu, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu jako \u201eMal\u00e9 mo\u0159e\u201c. Po jejich pravici se nach\u00e1zelo rameno Nilu a p\u0159ed nimi A\u0161mumsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je odd\u011bloval od muslimsk\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta Mans\u00fara.
Aby k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci mohli pokra\u010dovat v pochodu, museli p\u0159ekro\u010dit rameno Damietty neboli A\u0161mumsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l. Ludv\u00edk IX. si vybral kan\u00e1l a s pomoc\u00ed n\u011bkolika zr\u00e1dc\u016f ho p\u0159ekro\u010dil. Muslimov\u00e9 nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci za\u00fato\u010dili na jejich t\u00e1bor. Mezi egyptsk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila panika a k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci v \u010dele s Robertem Artoisem za\u00fato\u010dili na jednu z bran Mans\u00fary. Poda\u0159ilo se jim vstoupit do m\u011bsta a za\u010dali zab\u00edjet Egyp\u0165any napravo i nalevo, dokud jejich p\u0159edvoj nedos\u00e1hl bran samotn\u00e9ho sult\u00e1nova pal\u00e1ce. Rozpt\u00fdlili se v uli\u010dk\u00e1ch m\u011bsta, kde po nich lid\u00e9 za\u010dali h\u00e1zet kameny, cihly a \u0161\u00edpy.
Zat\u00edmco se nach\u00e1zeli v tomto stavu a domn\u00edvali se, \u017ee v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed je v jejich rukou, \u017ee je to realita a ne iluze, a jejich du\u0161e byly t\u00edmto \u00fasp\u011bchem a triumfem uklidn\u011bny, za\u00fato\u010dili bahr\u00edj\u0161t\u00ed maml\u00fakov\u00e9 pod veden\u00edm \u201eBaybarse al-Bunduqdariho\u201c na k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v ext\u00e1zi a aroganci, 4. Dhul-qi\u2019dy 647 AH \/ 8. \u00fanora 1250 n. l. Jejich v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed se zm\u011bnilo v por\u00e1\u017eku a maml\u00fakov\u00e9 je hojn\u011b zab\u00edjeli, dokud je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyhladili, v\u010detn\u011b samotn\u00e9ho hrab\u011bte Artoise.
Den po bitv\u011b u Mans\u00fary uspo\u0159\u00e1dal princ Faris al-Din Aktai, vrchn\u00ed velitel egyptsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, v\u00e1le\u010dnou radu, na kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1zal sv\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016fm kab\u00e1t hrab\u011bte Artoise v domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1li. Ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee kr\u00e1lova smrt vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eit\u00fd \u00fatok na k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky, a od\u016fvodnil to slovy: \u201eLid bez kr\u00e1le je t\u011blo bez hlavy a nehroz\u00ed mu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.\u201c Proto ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee bez v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ckou arm\u00e1du.
Za \u00fasvitu v p\u00e1tek 8. Dhu al-Qi'dah 647 AH \/ 11. \u00fanora 1250 n. l. zah\u00e1jila egyptsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u00fatok na fransk\u00fd t\u00e1bor, ale kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk si po t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t\u00e1ch dok\u00e1zal udr\u017eet sv\u00e9 pozice. T\u00edm skon\u010dila druh\u00e1 bitva u Mans\u00fary. Po t\u00e9to bitv\u011b si k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee nemohou z\u016fstat na sv\u00fdch pozic\u00edch a \u017ee se mus\u00ed st\u00e1hnout do Damietty, ne\u017e bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b.
Turan \u0160\u00e1h a jeho pl\u00e1n
Po t\u00e9to bitv\u011b neuplynulo mnoho dn\u00ed a 23. Dhul-K\u00eddy roku 647 AH \/ 27. \u00fanora 1250 n. l. dorazil Turan \u0160\u00e1h. P\u0159evzal velen\u00ed nad arm\u00e1dou a za\u010dal p\u0159ipravovat pl\u00e1n, jak donutit kr\u00e1le Ludv\u00edka IX. ke kapitulaci od\u0159\u00edznut\u00edm francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fastupov\u00e9 linie. Na\u0159\u00eddil, aby n\u011bkolik rozebran\u00fdch lod\u00ed bylo p\u0159epraveno na velbloudech a vylo\u017eeno za k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdmi liniemi v Nilu.
D\u00edky tomu mohly egyptsk\u00e9 flotily napadnout k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 lod\u011b nalo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1sobami a potravinami, zmocnit se jich a zajmout ty, kte\u0159\u00ed byli na palub\u011b. To vedlo ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed situace Francouz\u016f, v jejich t\u00e1bo\u0159e vypukl hladomor a mezi voj\u00e1ky se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily nemoci a epidemie. Ludv\u00edk IX. pot\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dal o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a kapitulaci Damietty v\u00fdm\u011bnou za to, \u017ee k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci dobyj\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9m a n\u011bkter\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed zem\u011b Levanty. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 to odm\u00edtli a trvali na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u017eih\u00e1du.
K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci nem\u011bli jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e se pod rou\u0161kou tmy st\u00e1hnout do Damietty. Kr\u00e1l na\u0159\u00eddil odstranit most p\u0159es A\u0161mumsk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, ale byli usp\u011bchan\u00ed a zapomn\u011bli most pro\u0159\u00edznout. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 ho okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dili ve st\u0159edu 3. muharramu roku 648 AH \/ dubna 1250 n. l. Pron\u00e1sledovali k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky a pron\u00e1sledovali je a\u017e do Faraskuru, obl\u00e9hali je ze v\u0161ech stran a \u00fato\u010dili na n\u011b jako blesk. Zabili jich v\u00edce ne\u017e deset tis\u00edc a zajali des\u00edtky tis\u00edc. Mezi v\u011bzni byl i s\u00e1m kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk IX., kter\u00fd byl zajat ve vesnici \u201eMinya Abdullah\u201c severn\u011b od m\u011bsta Mans\u00fara. Byl p\u0159evezen do domu soudce Fakhr al-Dina ibn Luqmana, kde z\u016fstal v\u011bzn\u011bm. Kr\u00e1li Ludv\u00edkovi IX. byly ulo\u017eeny tvrd\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, aby se vykoupil ze zajet\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b toho, \u017ee se vykoup\u00ed osmi sty tis\u00edci zlat\u00fdch din\u00e1r\u016f, z nich\u017e polovinu zaplat\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b a druhou polovinu v budoucnu jako n\u00e1hradu za \u0161kody, kter\u00e9 Egyptu zp\u016fsobil. Turan \u0160\u00e1h m\u011bl dr\u017eet k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 zajatce do\u2026 Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdkupn\u00e9ho byla zaplacena, spolu s propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm muslimsk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kapitulac\u00ed Damietty muslim\u016fm, desetilet\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00edm mezi ob\u011bma stranami a z\u00e1vazkem, \u017ee se ji\u017e do Egypta nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Polovina v\u00fdkupn\u00e9ho byla s obt\u00ed\u017eemi vybr\u00e1na a kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk IX. byl propu\u0161t\u011bn a bylo mu dovoleno opustit Egypt. Odcestoval do Akkonu a pot\u00e9 se vr\u00e1til do sv\u00e9 zem\u011b.

K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fd historik Matthew Paris vyjad\u0159uje rozsah bolesti, kterou k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci poci\u0165ovali po por\u00e1\u017ece v Egypt\u011b, slovy: \u201eCel\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da byla v Egypt\u011b roztrh\u00e1na na kusy, bohu\u017eel! Skl\u00e1dala se z francouzsk\u00fdch \u0161lechtic\u016f, ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f johanit\u016f, Germ\u00e1n\u016f z \u0159\u00e1du Panny Marie a ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f z \u0159\u00e1du sv. Lazara.\u201c

Sedm\u00e1 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava byla posledn\u00ed velkou k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravou proti Egyptu a k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci nikdy nedok\u00e1zali dob\u00fdt Jeruzal\u00e9m. Toto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu bahr\u00edjsk\u00fdm maml\u00fak\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 v\u00fdprav\u011b state\u010dn\u011b odol\u00e1vali, k zalo\u017een\u00ed jejich st\u00e1tu na trosk\u00e1ch ajj\u00fabovsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v Egypt\u011b. Sotva m\u011bs\u00edc po tomto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed maml\u00fakov\u00e9 zabili Turan \u0160\u00e1ha a dosadili \u0160ad\u017e\u00e1r al-Durr na egyptskou sult\u00e1nku. To znamenalo \u00fasvit \u00e9ry maml\u00fack\u00fdch sult\u00e1n\u016f v Egypt\u011b a Levant\u011b.

Pro\u010d jsme byli skv\u011bl\u00ed<\/span><\/h1>


Kniha (Nezapomenuteln\u00e9 st\u00e1ty) z kapitoly o Ajj\u00fabovsk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b, kterou napsal Tamer Badr\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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