{"id":21865,"date":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21865"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:51:52","slug":"gfhgfsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21865","title":{"rendered":"Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2. \u00fanora 2014<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Al-Nasir Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi

Je to kr\u00e1l Al-N\u00e1sir Abu Al-Muzaffar Yusuf bin Ayyub bin Shadhi bin Marwan, zakladatel dynastie Ayyub\u016f v Egypt\u011b a Levant\u011b. Je to u\u0161lechtil\u00fd ryt\u00ed\u0159, state\u010dn\u00fd hrdina a jeden z nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f, jak\u00e9 lidstvo zn\u00e1. Jeho mor\u00e1lku dosv\u011bd\u010dili jeho nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 z \u0159ad k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed jeho p\u0159\u00e1teli a \u017eivotopisci. Je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem obrovsk\u00e9 osobnosti stvo\u0159en\u00e9 isl\u00e1mem. Je to hrdina Saladin Al-Ayyubi, osvoboditel Jeruzal\u00e9ma od k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f a hrdina bitvy u Hatt\u00ednu.
Jeho v\u00fdchova
Saladin se narodil v Tikr\u00edtu v roce 532 AH \/ 1138 n. l. v kurdsk\u00e9 rodin\u011b. Jeho otec byl guvern\u00e9rem citadely v Tikr\u00edtu jm\u00e9nem Behr\u00faza a jeho str\u00fdc Asad ad-Din Shirkuh byl jedn\u00edm z velk\u00fdch velitel\u016f v arm\u00e1d\u011b N\u00far ad-D\u00edna Zeng\u00edda, vl\u00e1dce Mosulu. Kupodivu se narozen\u00ed Saladina J\u00fasufa ibn Najma ad-D\u00edna Ajj\u00faba ibn \u0160adh\u00edho shodovalo s t\u00edm, \u017ee jeho otec byl nucen opustit Tikr\u00edt, co\u017e jeho otce p\u0159im\u011blo k ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Jeden z p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch mu \u0159ekl: \u201eJak v\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee se z tohoto novorozence stane velk\u00fd a slavn\u00fd kr\u00e1l?!\u201c
Najm al-Din Ayyub se s rodinou p\u0159est\u011bhoval z Tikr\u00edtu do Mosulu a z\u016fstal u Im\u00e1da al-D\u00edna Zeng\u00edho, kter\u00fd ho ctil. D\u00edt\u011b, Saladin, vyr\u016fstal v po\u017eehnan\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b, kde byl vychov\u00e1n k cti, byl vychov\u00e1n k ryt\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, cvi\u010dil se ve zbran\u00edch a vyr\u016fstal v l\u00e1sce k d\u017eih\u00e1du. \u010cetl svat\u00fd Kor\u00e1n, nau\u010dil se nazpam\u011b\u0165 vzne\u0161en\u00e9 had\u00edsy a nau\u010dil se, co mohl, z arab\u0161tiny.
Salah al-Din, ministr v Egypt\u011b
P\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Saladina byl Egypt s\u00eddlem f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Egypt ob\u011bt\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch povst\u00e1n\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sektami, od tureck\u00fdch mameluk\u016f p\u0159es s\u00fad\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a\u017e po marock\u00e9. Situace byla nestabiln\u00ed kv\u016fli nepokoj\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu f\u00e1timovsk\u00fdch chal\u00edf\u016f v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, jejich\u017e rozhodnut\u00ed kontrolovala \u0159ada ministr\u016f. K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci po Egypt\u011b prahli. Kdy\u017e velitel N\u00far ad-D\u00edn Mahm\u00fad vid\u011bl tyto neshody a uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fd kr\u00e1l Jeruzal\u00e9ma tou\u017e\u00ed po obsazen\u00ed Egypta, vyslal N\u00far ad-D\u00edn Mahm\u00fad z Dama\u0161ku do Egypta arm\u00e1du pod velen\u00edm Asada ad-D\u00edna \u0160irk\u00faha, kter\u00e9mu pom\u00e1hal jeho synovec Saladin. Kdy\u017e se k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci dozv\u011bd\u011bli o p\u0159\u00edchodu Asada ad-D\u00edna \u0160irk\u00faha, opustili Egypt a do n\u011bj vstoupil Asad ad-D\u00edn. Saladin ho pot\u00e9 nahradil jako ministr.
Sobe\u010dt\u00ed a ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u00edchali spiknut\u00ed, ale Saladin je p\u0159ekonal, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ekonal vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzpoury. Saladin byl sv\u011bdkem vzniku batinijy v Egypt\u011b, a tak zalo\u017eil dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed \u0161koly, \u0161kolu nasirijy a \u0161kolu kamilijy, aby obr\u00e1til lidi k sunnitsk\u00e9mu my\u0161lenkov\u00e9mu sm\u011bru a p\u0159ipravil tak cestu pro zm\u011bnu, po kter\u00e9 tou\u017eil, dokud Saladin nez\u00edskal plnou kontrolu nad Egyptem. Po smrti f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfy al-\u00c1d\u00edda v roce 566 AH \/ 1171 n. l. Saladin nal\u00e9hal na u\u010dence, aby prohl\u00e1sili al-Mustad\u00edho al-Abb\u00e1s\u00edho chal\u00edfou, aby se za n\u011bj v p\u00e1tek modlili a z kazatelen pron\u00e1\u0161eli k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9nem. T\u00edm f\u00e1timovsk\u00fd chal\u00edf\u00e1t v Egypt\u011b skon\u010dil a Saladin vl\u00e1dl Egyptu jako z\u00e1stupce N\u00far al-D\u00edna, kter\u00fd nakonec uznal abb\u00e1sovsk\u00fd chal\u00edf\u00e1t. Egypt se op\u011bt vr\u00e1til do isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu a Saladin se stal p\u00e1nem Egypta, ani\u017e by do n\u011bj n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd mohl mluvit.
Zalo\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1tu
N\u00far ad-D\u00edn Mahm\u00fad byl st\u00e1le na\u017eivu a Saladin se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee s n\u00edm N\u00far ad-D\u00edn bude bojovat, a tak uva\u017eoval o hled\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, kde by si mohl zalo\u017eit st\u00e1t. Saladin za\u010dal brzy vys\u00edlat n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch doprovod\u016f, aby pro\u0161et\u0159ili situaci v N\u00fabii, Jemenu a Bark\u011b.
N\u00far ad-D\u00edn Mahm\u00fad zem\u0159el v roce \u0161avval 569 AH \/ 1174 n. l. a situace se pro Saladina za\u010dala uklid\u0148ovat, a tak za\u010dal pracovat na sjednocen\u00ed Egypta a Levanty. Saladin se po N\u00far ad-D\u00ednov\u011b smrti vydal do Levanty. Pochodoval do Dama\u0161ku a poda\u0159ilo se mu potla\u010dit povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v Levant\u011b vypukla, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 touhou zmocnit se N\u00far ad-D\u00ednova kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Z\u016fstal tam t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva roky, aby obnovil stabilitu vl\u00e1dy, anektoval Dama\u0161ek, pot\u00e9 se zmocnil Homs a nakonec Aleppa. Saladin se tak stal sult\u00e1nem Egypta a Levanty. Pot\u00e9 se vr\u00e1til do Egypta a zah\u00e1jil vnit\u0159n\u00ed reformy, zejm\u00e9na v K\u00e1hi\u0159e a Alexandrii. Saladinova autorita se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9 zemi a sahala od N\u00fabie na jihu a Kyrenaiky na z\u00e1pad\u011b a\u017e po \u00fazem\u00ed Arm\u00e9n\u016f na severu a D\u017eaz\u00edru a Mosul na v\u00fdchod\u011b.
Saladin a d\u017eih\u00e1d
Saladin, k\u00e9\u017e se nad n\u00edm B\u016fh smiluj, byl napln\u011bn l\u00e1skou k d\u017eih\u00e1du a v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b pro n\u011bj \u017eil. Ovl\u00e1dla celou jeho bytost, natolik, \u017ee im\u00e1m al-Dhahabi o n\u011bm v Al-Seer \u0159ekl: \u201eM\u011bl v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro nastolen\u00ed d\u017eih\u00e1du a likvidaci nep\u0159\u00e1tel, o jak\u00fdch nikdo na sv\u011bt\u011b nikdy nesly\u0161el.\u201c
Z tohoto d\u016fvodu, k\u00e9\u017e se nad n\u00edm B\u016fh smiluj, opustil svou rodinu, sv\u00e9 d\u011bti a svou zemi. Nem\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dnou n\u00e1klonnost krom\u011b n\u011bj a \u017e\u00e1dnou l\u00e1sku krom\u011b jeho mu\u017e\u016f. Soudce Bah\u00e1' al-D\u00edn \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eKdy\u017e se k n\u011bmu cht\u011bl mu\u017e p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit, nal\u00e9hal na n\u011bj, aby bojoval v d\u017eih\u00e1du. Pokud by p\u0159\u00edsahal, \u017ee po odchodu do d\u017eih\u00e1du neutratil ani din\u00e1r ani dirham, s v\u00fdjimkou d\u017eih\u00e1du nebo z\u00e1sob, jeho p\u0159\u00edsaha by byla pravdiv\u00e1 a dodr\u017eiteln\u00e1.\u201c
Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e9 starosti a starosti \u010dlov\u011bka jsou \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 jeho starostem. Je to, jako by Ibn al-K\u00e1jim, k\u00e9\u017e se nad n\u00edm B\u016fh smiluj, popisoval Sal\u00e1ha al-D\u00edna, kdy\u017e \u0159ekl: \u201eBla\u017eenosti se nedos\u00e1hne bla\u017eenost\u00ed. Radost a pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed jsou ur\u010deny sn\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm hr\u016fz a \u00fatrap. Nen\u00ed radosti pro toho, kdo nem\u00e1 starosti, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed pro toho, kdo nem\u00e1 trp\u011blivost, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 bla\u017eenost pro toho, kdo nem\u00e1 tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd odpo\u010dinek pro toho, kdo nem\u00e1 \u00fanavu.\u201c
Saladin\u016fv cel\u00fd \u017eivot byl tedy bojem. Vracel se z jednoho dobyt\u00ed k druh\u00e9mu, z jedn\u00e9 bitvy do druh\u00e9. Ibn al-Athir\u016fv \u017eivotopis v knize \u201eAl-Kamil fi al-Tarikh\u201c zabral v\u00edce ne\u017e 220 stran, v\u0161echny byly pln\u00e9 boje. Bitva u Hatt\u00ednu byla jednou z jeho bitev, kter\u00e1 byla naps\u00e1na sv\u011bteln\u00fdmi pery na zlat\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch a vepsala se do d\u011bjin jako sv\u011bdek v\u0161ech v\u00fdznam\u016f boje a ob\u011bti.
V\u00e1lka s k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky
Zat\u00edmco Saladin roz\u0161i\u0159oval sv\u016fj vliv v Levant\u011b, \u010dasto nech\u00e1val k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky na pokoji a odkl\u00e1dal konfrontaci s nimi, i kdy\u017e si byl \u010dasto v\u011bdom jej\u00ed nevyhnutelnosti. Pokud v\u0161ak ke konfrontaci do\u0161lo, obvykle z n\u00ed vy\u0161el v\u00edt\u011bzn\u011b. V\u00fdjimkou byla bitva u Montgisardu v roce 573 AH \/ 25. listopadu 1177 n. l. K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci nekladli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd odpor a Saladin ud\u011blal chybu, kdy\u017e nechal sv\u00e1 vojska rozprchnout se a pron\u00e1sledovat ko\u0159ist. S\u00edla Baldwina VI., jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le, Raynalda a templ\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch ryt\u00ed\u0159\u016f ho napadla a porazila. Saladin se v\u0161ak vr\u00e1til a za\u00fato\u010dil na fransk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ze z\u00e1padu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Baldwina porazil v bitv\u011b u Marj Ayun v roce 575 AH \/ 1179 n. l. a znovu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce v bitv\u011b u Jakubova z\u00e1livu. Mezi k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky a Saladinem bylo pot\u00e9 v roce 576 AH \/ 1180 n. l. uzav\u0159eno p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.
K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy se v\u0161ak vr\u00e1tily, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo Saladina k reakci. Raynald svou flotilou v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i obt\u011b\u017eoval obchod a muslimsk\u00e9 poutn\u00edky. Saladin postavil flotilu 30 lod\u00ed, aby v roce 577 AH \/ 1182 n. l. za\u00fato\u010dil na Bejr\u00fat. Raynald pot\u00e9 pohrozil \u00fatokem na Mekku a Medinu. Saladin dvakr\u00e1t v letech 1183 n. l. a 1184 n. l. obl\u00e9hal pevnost Karak, Raynaldovu ba\u0161tu. Raynald reagoval \u00fatokem na muslimsk\u00e9 poutn\u00ed karavany v roce 581 AH \/ 1185 n. l.
Dobyt\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma
V roce 583 AH \/ 1187 n. l. padla v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u011bst a pevnost\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed do rukou Saladina. Saladinova vojska pot\u00e9 porazila k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 s\u00edly v bitv\u011b u Hatt\u00ednu 24. 583 AH \/ 4. \u010dervence 1187 n. l. Po bitv\u011b Saladinova vojska a vojska jeho bratra, kr\u00e1le al-\u00c1dila, rychle obsadila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed m\u011bsta ji\u017en\u011b od Tripolisu: Akr, Bejr\u00fat, Sidon, Jaffu, Cesareu a A\u0161kelon. Komunikace latinsk\u00e9ho Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed s Evropou byla p\u0159eru\u0161ena a v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1187 n. l. Saladinova vojska obl\u00e9hala Jeruzal\u00e9m. Jeho mal\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka ho nedok\u00e1zala ubr\u00e1nit tlaku 60 000 mu\u017e\u016f. Po \u0161esti dnech se vzdala. 27. r\u00e1d\u017eebu roku 583 po hid\u017e\u0159e \/ 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1187 n. l. byly br\u00e1ny otev\u0159eny a nad Jeruzal\u00e9mem byl vzty\u010den \u017elut\u00fd prapor sult\u00e1na Saladina.
Saladin se k Jeruzal\u00e9mu a jeho obyvatel\u016fm choval mnohem shov\u00edvav\u011bji a m\u00edrn\u011bji, ne\u017e se k nim chovali k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1\u010d\u0161t\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci, kdy\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o stolet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve vyrvali m\u011bsto z egyptsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy. Nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm vra\u017ed, rabov\u00e1n\u00ed ani ni\u010den\u00ed kostel\u016f. P\u00e1d Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed p\u0159im\u011bl \u0158\u00edm k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav na t\u0159et\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu za znovudobyt\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma, ale ta selhala.
Richard Lv\u00ed srdce a t\u0159et\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 v\u00fdprava
Dobyt\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma podn\u00edtilo t\u0159et\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou v\u00fdpravu, financovanou v Anglii a \u010d\u00e1stech Francie zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed dan\u00ed zn\u00e1mou na Z\u00e1pad\u011b jako Saladinova da\u0148. Kampa\u0148 vedli t\u0159i z tehdej\u0161\u00edch nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f: Richard Lv\u00ed srdce, anglick\u00fd kr\u00e1l; Filip Augustus, francouzsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l; a Fridrich Barbarossa, n\u011bmeck\u00fd kr\u00e1l a c\u00edsa\u0159 Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9. Ten druh\u00fd v\u0161ak b\u011bhem cesty zem\u0159el a dal\u0161\u00ed dva se p\u0159ipojili k obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed Akka, kter\u00e9 padlo v roce 587 AH \/ 1191 n. l. Bylo popraveno t\u0159i tis\u00edce muslimsk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed. 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1191 se Saladinova vojska st\u0159etla s k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdmi vojsky veden\u00fdmi Richardem v bitv\u011b u Arsufu, v n\u00ed\u017e byl Saladin pora\u017een. K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci v\u0161ak nebyli schopni vpadnout do vnitrozem\u00ed a z\u016fstali na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. V\u0161echny jejich pokusy o dobyt\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma selhaly. V roce 587 AH \/ 1192 n. l. Richard podepsal se Saladinem Ramlskou smlouvu, podle n\u00ed\u017e obnovil k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edm p\u00e1su mezi Jaffou a Tyrem. Jeruzal\u00e9m byl tak\u00e9 otev\u0159en poutn\u00edk\u016fm. K\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm.
Vztah mezi Saladinem a Richardem byl navzdory jejich vojensk\u00e9 rivalit\u011b p\u0159\u00edkladem ryt\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 \u00facty. Kdy\u017e Richard onemocn\u011bl hore\u010dkou, Saladin mu poslal sv\u00e9ho osobn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e a tak\u00e9 \u010derstv\u00e9 ovoce a led na ochlazen\u00ed n\u00e1poj\u016f. Kdy\u017e Richard u Arsufu ztratil kon\u011b, Saladin mu poslal dva.
Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Saladin a Richard se nikdy nesetkali osobn\u011b a \u017ee komunikace mezi nimi prob\u00edhala p\u00edsemn\u011b nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm posl\u016f.
Jeho smrt
Saladinovi bylo v roce 589 AH \/ 1193 n. l. pades\u00e1t sedm let, ale vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fanava, kter\u00e9 za\u017eil b\u011bhem konfrontace s k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ky, oslabily jeho zdrav\u00ed. Z\u016fstal v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, dokud se nedozv\u011bd\u011bl o odchodu Richarda Lv\u00edho Srdce. Pot\u00e9 se za\u010dal v\u011bnovat organizaci administrativn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed palestinsk\u00e9 oblasti, ale pr\u00e1ce ho tla\u010dila k pochodu na Dama\u0161ek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 administrativn\u00ed probl\u00e9my a hromad\u011bn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 nashrom\u00e1\u017edil b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 let str\u00e1ven\u00fdch bojem, vy\u017eadovaly odlo\u017een\u00ed jeho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Egypta a vykon\u00e1n\u00ed pout\u011b had\u017ed\u017e a vy\u017eadovaly od n\u011bj velk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed, aby kompenzoval zk\u00e1zu zp\u016fsobenou v\u00e1lkami. Voln\u00fd \u010das tr\u00e1vil diskuzemi s u\u010denci o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech a n\u011bkdy chodil na lov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo ho koncem zimy vid\u011bl, si v\u0161ak uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee se jeho zdrav\u00ed zhroutilo. Za\u010dal si st\u011b\u017eovat na \u00fanavu a zapomn\u011btlivost a ji\u017e nebyl schopen p\u0159ij\u00edmat lidi.
16. safaru roku 589 AH \/ 21. \u00fanora 1193 n. l. ho zas\u00e1hla \u017elu\u010dov\u00e1 hore\u010dka, kter\u00e1 trvala dvan\u00e1ct dn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci sn\u00e1\u0161el s state\u010dnost\u00ed a klidem, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee konec se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. 24. safaru \/ 1. b\u0159ezna upadl do k\u00f3matu. Po rann\u00ed modlitb\u011b ve st\u0159edu 27. safaru \/ 4. b\u0159ezna, kdy\u017e \u0161ejk Abu D\u017eafar, im\u00e1m t\u0159\u00eddy, p\u0159ed n\u00edm recitoval Kor\u00e1n, dokud nedo\u0161el k ver\u0161i: {On je All\u00e1h, krom\u011b n\u011bho\u017e nen\u00ed boha, znalec neviditeln\u00e9ho i viditeln\u00e9ho}, Saladin otev\u0159el o\u010di a usm\u00e1l se, jeho tv\u00e1\u0159 se rozz\u00e1\u0159ila a sly\u0161el ho \u0159\u00edkat: \u201ePravda\u2026\u201c Pak se vydal ke sv\u00e9mu P\u00e1nu do dama\u0161sk\u00e9 citadely. Soudce al-F\u00e1dil a soudce-historik Ibn \u0160ad\u00e1d se pustili do jeho p\u0159\u00edprav, dama\u0161sk\u00fd kazatel ho omyl, lid\u00e9 se shrom\u00e1\u017edili v citadele, pomodlili se nad n\u00edm a byl tam poh\u0159ben. Z\u00e1rmutek se \u0161\u00ed\u0159il mezi mlad\u00fdmi i star\u00fdmi. Pot\u00e9 jeho syn, kr\u00e1l al-Afdal Al\u00ed, t\u0159i dny truchlil a poslal dopisy sv\u00e9mu bratru al-Az\u00edzovi Uthm\u00e1novi do Egypta, bratru al-Z\u00e1hirovi Gh\u00e1z\u00edmu do Aleppa a str\u00fdci al-\u00c1dilovi do al-Karaku, kte\u0159\u00ed se ob\u0159adu z\u00fa\u010dastnili. Pot\u00e9 byl jeho majetek odhadnut na jeden din\u00e1r a t\u0159icet \u0161est dirham\u016f. Nezanechal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed pen\u00edze, fixn\u00ed ani movit\u00e9, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed utratil za charitu.
A\u010dkoli st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd Saladin zalo\u017eil, po jeho smrti dlouho nevydr\u017eel, je v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za osvoboditele Jeruzal\u00e9ma a jeho postava inspirovala eposy, poezii a dokonce i n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed osnovy arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. O jeho \u017eivot\u011b byly naps\u00e1ny des\u00edtky knih a adaptov\u00e1ny byly divadeln\u00ed hry, dramatick\u00e1 d\u00edla a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla. Saladin je dodnes uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako p\u0159\u00edklad ide\u00e1ln\u00edho muslimsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd rozhodn\u011b \u010delil sv\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, aby osvobodil muslimsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, ani\u017e by slevil z ryt\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed a u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch mrav\u016f.
Z knihy Nezapomenuteln\u00ed v\u016fdci od majora Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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