{"id":21855,"date":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/?p=21855"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T09:56:39","slug":"fdshgf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/archives\/21855","title":{"rendered":"Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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22. prosince 2013<\/span><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e
(699 \u2013 1342 AH \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 AD)
Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e hrd\u011b stoj\u00ed uprost\u0159ed lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, nesla prapor isl\u00e1mu po v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161est stolet\u00ed, dobyla Evropu a Asii a zalo\u017eila velk\u00fd isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t. K\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1 Evropa se j\u00ed po stalet\u00ed b\u00e1la a d\u011bsila a Evropa se neust\u00e1le p\u0159ipravovala na jej\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dekaj\u00edc na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost za p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed. Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a jej\u00ed v\u016fdci jim v\u0161ak zasazovali r\u00e1nu za ranou, a\u017e kdy\u017e se Osman\u00e9 zhroutili, opustili pravou isl\u00e1mskou vl\u00e1du a p\u0159ijali prost\u0159edky moci, k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e1 Evropa se na n\u011b vrhla, roztrhala je na kusy a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila zedn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed mezi jeho ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed a v\u016fdci, dokud Osmansk\u00fd chal\u00edf\u00e1t nepadl a nebyl zru\u0161en rukou Mustafy Kemala Atat\u00fcrka.
Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla zem\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch v\u00fdboj\u016f po Umajj\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Osman\u00e9 obnovili v\u00fdzvu k d\u017eih\u00e1du a dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a zah\u00e1jili v\u00fdboje v Evrop\u011b a \u010d\u00e1stech Mal\u00e9 Asie. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bchto v\u00fdboj\u016f bylo dobyt\u00ed Konstantinopole sult\u00e1nem Mehmedem Dobyvatelem v roce 857 AH \/ 1453 n. l. Osmansk\u00e9mu chal\u00edf\u00e1tu se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipisuje dobyt\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, proto\u017ee Osman\u00e9 dobyli Balk\u00e1n v roce 756 AH \/ 1355 n. l. a v\u0161echny zem\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy se jim postupn\u011b pod\u0159\u00eddily. Bulharsko bylo dobyto v roce 774 AH \/ 1372 n. l., Srbsko bylo dobyto v roce 788 AH \/ 1386 n. l., Bosna a Hercegovina v roce 792 AH \/ 1389 n. l., stejn\u011b jako Chorvatsko, Alb\u00e1nie, B\u011blehrad a Ma\u010farsko. Osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy veden\u00e9 sult\u00e1nem Sulejmanem Velkolep\u00fdm dos\u00e1hly hradeb V\u00eddn\u011b a obl\u00e9haly ji v roce 936 AH \/ 1529 n. l., ale nedok\u00e1zaly ji dob\u00fdt. Stejn\u011b tak o v\u00edce ne\u017e sto pades\u00e1t let pozd\u011bji osmansk\u00e1 vojska obl\u00e9hala V\u00edde\u0148 v roce 1094 AH \/ 1683 n. l. za vl\u00e1dy sult\u00e1na Mehmeda IV.
V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed z\u016fstala v rukou muslim\u016f a podl\u00e9hala Osmansk\u00e9mu chal\u00edf\u00e1tu po celou dobu jeho moci. Postupn\u011b se v\u0161ak za\u010dala rozpadat, jak Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e vstupovala do obdob\u00ed slabosti. Do roku 1337 hid\u017ery (1918 n. l.) nem\u011bl Osmansk\u00fd chal\u00edf\u00e1t na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed krom\u011b m\u011bsta Istanbulu. Dlouhodob\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost t\u011bchto evropsk\u00fdch region\u016f pod Osmansk\u00fdm chal\u00edf\u00e1tem znamenala, \u017ee cel\u00e9 regiony se staly muslimsk\u00fdmi, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Makedonie, Alb\u00e1nie, Bosna a Hercegovina a velk\u00e9 muslimsk\u00e9 komunity v Bulharsku, Rumunsku a \u010cern\u00e9 Ho\u0159e.
Konverze v\u011bt\u0161iny obyvatel oblast\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Osmany k isl\u00e1mu je zp\u016fsobena spravedliv\u00fdm a rovn\u00fdm zach\u00e1zen\u00edm Osman\u016f s muslimsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem. Slab\u00fd, chud\u00fd vesni\u010dan se mohl v Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i dostat na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozice, co\u017e byla forma soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti, kter\u00e1 byla v tehdej\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech nemo\u017en\u00e1. Bezpe\u010dnost v t\u011bchto regionech nahradila konflikty a chaos a Evropa t\u011b\u017eila z pe\u010dliv\u00e9 organizace osmansk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a jej\u00edch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na efektivitu. Stoupenci jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jako je k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed a judaismus, se v regionech ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Osmany po n\u011bkolik stalet\u00ed t\u011b\u0161ili tak\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9mu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, co\u017e se jasn\u011b projevuje ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm si tyto komunity dodnes zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 jazyky, kulturu a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.

Z knihy \u201eNezapomenuteln\u00e9 zem\u011b\u201c od majora Tamera Badra\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2013 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(699 \u2013 1342 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1300 \u2013 1924 \u0645)\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21855","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-115"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamerbadr.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}